scholarly journals Managing Stubborn Oomycete Plant Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrasekar S. Kousik ◽  
Lina M. Quesada-Ocampo ◽  
Anthony Keinath ◽  
Mary Hausbeck ◽  
Leah Granke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Downy Mildews ◽  
Native Forests ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Health Progress

Diseases caused by oomycete plant pathogens result in devastating losses to agriculture and native forests, despite the significant research efforts that have advanced our understanding of these organisms. Limiting these pathogens has been challenging to plant pathologists and plant health practitioners. In this first focus issue , titled Managing Stubborn Oomycete Plant Pathogens, Plant Health Progress has assembled an array of manuscripts on the biology and management of Phytophthora, Pythium, Pseudoperonospora, Peronospora, and Aphanomyces spp. This focus issue has 28 peer-reviewed papers including three diagnostic guides, three mini-reviews, three briefs, two surveys, and 17 research papers. Of the 28 papers, 20 are on diseases caused by Phytophthora, four on Pythium, three on downy mildews, and one on Aphanomyces. All advance our understanding of these stubborn oomycete pathogens.

19th Annual Melhus Symposium: Data Driven Plant Health

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin A. Choudhury ◽  
Sydney E. Everhart
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Health Progress

The I. E. Melhus Symposium is a prestigious event that takes place as part of the annual meeting of the American Phytopathology Society. The 19th symposium highlights some of the best and brightest graduate students in epidemiology on the theme Data Driven Plant Health. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the entire meeting was online. Despite the challenges, the awardees successfully presented their research to a live online audience of more than 150 attendees. The five research projects are collected in this issue of Plant Health Progress.

scholarly journals Safeguarding through science: Center for Plant Health Science and Technology 2009 Accomplishments

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Response And Recovery

The Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST) provides scientific support for the regulatory decisions and operations of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s (APHIS) Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) program in order to safeguard U.S. agriculture and natural resources. CPHST is responsible for ensuring that PPQ has the information, tools, and technology to make the most scientifically valid regulatory and policy decisions possible. In addition, CPHST ensures that PPQ’s operations have the most scientifically viable and practical tools for pest exclusion, detection, and management. This 2009 CPHST Annual Report is intended to offer an in-depth look at the status of our programs and the progress CPHST has made toward the Center’s long-term strategic goals. CPHST's work is organized into six National Science Programs: Agricultural Quarantine Inspection and Port Technology; Risk and Pathway Analysis; Domestic Surveillance, Detection, and Identification; Emergency Response; Response and Recovery Systems Technology - Arthropods; and Response and Recovery Systems Technology - Plant Pathogens and Weeds. the scientists of CPHST provide leadership and expertise in a wide range of fields, including risk assessments that support trade, commodity quarantine treatments, pest survey and detection methods, molecular diagnostics, biological control techniques, integrated pest management, and mass rearing of insects. Some highlights of significant CPHST efforts in 2009 include: Establishment of the National Ornamentals Research Site at Dominican University of California, Established LBAM Integrated Pest Management and Survey Methods, Continue to develop Citrus Greening/Huanglongbing Management Tools, and further European Grapevine Moth (EGVM) Response.

scholarly journals Full Issue PDF

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-156
Keyword(s):  
Plant Health ◽  
Health Progress

Plant Health Progress Vol. 21 No. 2

scholarly journals Chamomile Floricolous Downy Mildew Caused by Peronospora radii

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (11) ◽  
pp. 1900-1907
Author(s):  
Bojan Duduk ◽  
Nataša Duduk ◽  
Ivana Vico ◽  
Jelena Stepanović ◽  
Tatjana Marković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Downy Mildews ◽  
New Findings ◽  
High Production ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chamomile Flowers ◽  
Production Losses

Floricolous downy mildews (Peronospora, oomycetes) are a small, monophyletic group of mostly inconspicuous plant pathogens that induce symptoms exclusively on flowers. Characterization of this group of pathogens, and information about their biology, is particularly sparse. The recurrent presence of a disease causing flower malformation which, in turn, leads to high production losses of the medicinal herb Matricaria chamomilla in Serbia has enabled continuous experiments focusing on the pathogen and its biology. Peronospora radii was identified as the causal agent of the disease, and morphologically and molecularly characterized. Diseased chamomile flowers showed severe malformations of the disc and ray florets, including phyllody and secondary inflorescence formation, followed by the onset of downy mildew. Phylogeny, based on internal transcribed spacer and cox2, indicates clustering of the Serbian P. radii with other P. radii from chamomile although, in cox2 analyses, they formed a separate subcluster. Evidence pointing to systemic infection was provided through histological and molecular analyses, with related experiments validating the impact of soilborne and blossom infections. This study provides new findings in the biology of P. radii on chamomile, thus enabling the reconstruction of this floricolous Peronospora species’ life cycle.

scholarly journals Fungal Plant Pathogens Associated with Emerging Crops in North America: A Challenge for Plant Health Professionals

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M. Dugan ◽  
Shari L. Lupien ◽  
Jinguo Hu
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
North America ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Food Plants ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens

“Emerging crops” is a term typically applied to ethnic food plants or to plants used in traditional or ethnic medicine, some of which are becoming viable niche markets in North America. Information on crop protection of these plants is often scarce to lacking. Literature on diagnosis and management of fungal diseases of these crops in North America is concisely reviewed, with information gaps identified. Emphasis is placed on crops comprising recent niche markets for Asian, African, Oceanian, or Latino immigrants. Emerging crops are often tied to economic activities of immigrant populations. Crops of immigrants from Asia, Africa, Latin America, and Oceania are contrasted with crops established by immigrants of European origins, plants usually familiar to North American plant health professionals, and with Native American food and medicinal plants, some of which are experiencing a renaissance as emerging crops.

Classification of airborne plant pathogens based on sporulation and infection characteristics

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1186-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Sache ◽  
Claude de Vallavieille-Pope
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Lesion Size ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infectious Period ◽  
Downy Mildews ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Comparative Epidemiology ◽  
Lesion Growth ◽  
Sporulation Capacity ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The infection cycles of 26 airborne fungal plant pathogens were compared using six monocyclic variables: latent period, infectious period, sporulation capacity, relative date of sporulation peak, lesion size, and infection efficiency. All variables were measured at the seedling stage in conditions highly conducive to disease development. Multivariate analyses of literature and experimental data were used to describe epidemic strategies based on compensation, addition, and multiplication effects between the monocyclic variables. A typology of fungi according to these effects is proposed, the main divisions of which follow the pattern of lesion growth (semisystemic, local, or negligible). Further subdivisions were obtained based on the other sporulation and infection variables. With a few exceptions, pathogens belonging to the same taxonomic (powdery mildews, downy mildews, rusts) and ecological (biotrophs, necrotrophs) group were grouped together in the proposed typology. Among rusts and necrotrophs, the fungi adapted to temperate and warm climates were also distinguished. The wheat stripe rust was not grouped with the other rusts because of unique epidemiological characteristics, especially semisystemic growth of lesions. Key words: biotrophic fungus, comparative epidemiology, monocyclic process, necrotrophic fungus.

scholarly journals Comparison of two commercial recirculated aquacultural systems and their microbial potential in plant disease suppression

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sammar Khalil ◽  
Preeti Panda ◽  
Farideh Ghadamgahi ◽  
AnnaKarin Rosberg ◽  
Ramesh R Vetukuri
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Microbial Potential

Abstract Background Aquaponics are food production systems advocated for food security and health. Their sustainability from a nutritional and plant health perspective is, however, a significant challenge. Recirculated aquaculture systems (RAS) form a major part of aquaponic systems, but knowledge about their microbial potential to benefit plant growth and plant health is limited. The current study tested if the diversity and function of microbial communities in two commercial RAS were specific to the fish species used (Tilapia or Clarias) and sampling site (fish tanks and wastewaters), and whether they confer benefits to plants and have in vitro antagonistic potential towards plant pathogens. Results Microbial diversity and composition was found to be dependent on fish species and sample site. The Tilapia RAS hosted higher bacterial diversity than the Clarias RAS; but the later hosted higher fungal diversity. Both Tilapia and Clarias RAS hosted bacterial and fungal communities that promoted plant growth, inhibited plant pathogens and encouraged biodegradation. The production of extracellular enzymes, related to nutrient availability and pathogen control, by bacterial strains isolated from the Tilapia and Clarias systems, makes them a promising tool in aquaponics and in their system design. Conclusions This study explored the microbial diversity and potential of the commercial RAS with either Tilapia or Clarias as a tool to benefit the aquaponic system with respect to plant growth promotion and control of plant diseases.

scholarly journals Soil Microbiome Manipulation Gives New Insights in Plant Disease-Suppressive Soils from the Perspective of a Circular Economy: A Critical Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Ugo De Corato
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Microbiome ◽  
Soil Microbiota

This review pays attention to the newest insights on the soil microbiome in plant disease-suppressive soil (DSS) for sustainable plant health management from the perspective of a circular economy that provides beneficial microbiota by recycling agro-wastes into the soil. In order to increase suppression of soil-borne plant pathogens, the main goal of this paper is to critically discuss and compare the potential use of reshaped soil microbiomes by assembling different agricultural practices such as crop selection; land use and conservative agriculture; crop rotation, diversification, intercropping and cover cropping; compost and chitosan application; and soil pre-fumigation combined with organic amendments and bio-organic fertilizers. This review is seen mostly as a comprehensive understanding of the main findings regarding DSS, starting from the oldest concepts to the newest challenges, based on the assumption that sustainability for soil quality and plant health is increasingly viable and supported by microbiome-assisted strategies based on the next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods that characterize in depth the soil bacterial and fungal communities. This approach, together with the virtuous reuse of agro-wastes to produce in situ green composts and organic bio-fertilizers, is the best way to design new sustainable cropping systems in a circular economy system. The current knowledge on soil-borne pathogens and soil microbiota is summarized. How microbiota determine soil suppression and what NGS strategies are available to understand soil microbiomes in DSS are presented. Disturbance of soil microbiota based on combined agricultural practices is deeply considered. Sustainable soil microbiome management by recycling in situ agro-wastes is presented. Afterwards, how the resulting new insights can drive the progress in sustainable microbiome-based disease management is discussed.

scholarly journals Fantastic Downy Mildew Pathogens and How to Find Them: Advances in Detection and Diagnostics

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Andres F. Salcedo ◽  
Savithri Purayannur ◽  
Jeffrey R. Standish ◽  
Timothy Miles ◽  
Lindsey Thiessen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Downy Mildews ◽  
Pathogen Variability

Downy mildews affect important crops and cause severe losses in production worldwide. Accurate identification and monitoring of these plant pathogens, especially at early stages of the disease, is fundamental in achieving effective disease control. The rapid development of molecular methods for diagnosis has provided more specific, fast, reliable, sensitive, and portable alternatives for plant pathogen detection and quantification than traditional approaches. In this review, we provide information on the use of molecular markers, serological techniques, and nucleic acid amplification technologies for downy mildew diagnosis, highlighting the benefits and disadvantages of the technologies and target selection. We emphasize the importance of incorporating information on pathogen variability in virulence and fungicide resistance for disease management and how the development and application of diagnostic assays based on standard and promising technologies, including high-throughput sequencing and genomics, are revolutionizing the development of species-specific assays suitable for in-field diagnosis. Our review provides an overview of molecular detection technologies and a practical guide for selecting the best approaches for diagnosis.

scholarly journals Study on horizon-scanning with a focus on the development of AI-based medical products: citation network analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Takata ◽  
Hajime Sasaki ◽  
Hiroko Yamano ◽  
Masashi Honma ◽  
Mayumi Shikano
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Medical Image Analysis ◽  
Citation Network ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Medical Products ◽  
Horizon Scanning ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Citation Network Analysis

ABSTRACTObjectivesHorizon-scanning for innovative technologies that might be applied to medical products and require new assessment approaches/regulations will help to prepare regulators, allowing earlier access to the product for patients and an improved benefit/risk ratio. In this study, we focused on the field of AI-based medical image analysis as a retrospective example of medical devices, where many products have recently been developed and applied. We proposed and validated horizon-scanning using citation network analysis and text mining for bibliographic information analysis.Methods and analysisResearch papers for citation network analysis which contain “convolutional*” OR “machine-learning” OR “deep-learning” were obtained from Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-expanded) in the Web of Science (WoS). The citation network among those papers was converted into an unweighted network with papers as nodes and citation relationships as links. The network was then divided into clusters using the topological clustering method and the characteristics of each cluster were confirmed by extracting a summary of frequently cited academic papers, and the characteristic keywords, in the cluster.ResultsWe classified 119,553 publications obtained from SCI and grouped them into 36 clusters. Hence, it was possible to understand the academic landscape of AI applications. The key articles on AI-based medical image analysis were included in one or two clusters, suggesting that clusters specific to the technology were appropriately formed. Based on the average publication year of the constituent papers of each cluster, we tracked recent research trends. It was also suggested that significant research progress would be detected as a quick increase in constituent papers and the number of citations of hub papers in the cluster.ConclusionWe validated that citation network analysis applies to the horizon-scanning of innovative medical devices and demonstrated that AI-based electrocardiograms and electroencephalograms can lead to the development of innovative products.Article SummaryStrengths and limitations of this studyCitation network analysis can provide an academic landscape in the investigated research field, based on the citation relationship of research papers and objective information, such as characteristic keywords and publication year.It might be possible to detect possible significant research progress and the emergence of new research areas through analysis every several months.It is important to confirm the opinions of experts in this area when evaluating the results of the analysis.Information on patents and clinical trials for this analysis is currently unavailable.

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