scholarly journals Strigolactone Deficiency Confers Resistance in Tomato Line SL-ORT1 to the Parasitic Weeds Phelipanche and Orobanche spp.

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia Dor ◽  
Koichi Yoneyama ◽  
Smadar Wininger ◽  
Yoram Kapulnik ◽  
Kaori Yoneyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Parasitic Weeds ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Dicotyledonous Plants

The parasitic flowering plants of the genera Orobanche and Phelipanche (broomrape species) are obligatory chlorophyll-lacking root-parasitic weeds that infect dicotyledonous plants and cause heavy economic losses in a wide variety of plant species in warm-temperate and subtropical regions. One of the most effective strategies for broomrape control is crop breeding for broomrape resistance. Previous efforts to find natural broomrape-resistant tomato (Solanum lycopersicon) genotypes were unsuccessful, and no broomrape resistance was found in any wild tomato species. Recently, however, the fast-neutron-mutagenized tomato mutant SL-ORT1 was found to be highly resistant to various Phelipanche and Orobanche spp. Nevertheless, SL-ORT1 plants were parasitized by Phelipanche aegyptiaca if grown in pots together with the susceptible tomato cv. M-82. In the present study, no toxic activity or inhibition of Phelipanche seed germination could be detected in the SL-ORT1 root extracts. SL-ORT1 roots did not induce Phelipanche seed germination in pots but they were parasitized, at the same level as M-82, after application of the synthetic germination stimulant GR24 to the rhizosphere. Whereas liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry analysis of root exudates of M-82 revealed the presence of the strigolactones orobanchol, solanacol, and didehydro-orobanchol isomer, these compounds were not found in the exudates of SL-ORT1. It can be concluded that SL-ORT1 resistance results from its inability to produce and secrete natural germination stimulants to the rhizosphere.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Essential Oils on Selected Weeds: Potential Hazard on Food Crops

Plants ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Ibáñez ◽  
María Blázquez
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis

The chemical composition of winter savory, peppermint, and anise essential oils, and in vitro and in vivo phytotoxic activity against weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, and Echinochloa crus-galli) and food crops (maize, rice, and tomato), have been studied. Sixty-four compounds accounting for between 97.67–99.66% of the total essential oils were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. Winter savory with carvacrol (43.34%) and thymol (23.20%) as the main compounds produced a total inhibitory effect against the seed germination of tested weed. Menthol (48.23%), menthone (23.33%), and iso-menthone (16.33%) from peppermint only showed total seed germination inhibition on L. multiflorum, whereas no significant effects were observed with trans-anethole (99.46%) from anise at all concentrations (0.125–1 µL/mL). Low doses of peppermint essential oil could be used as a sustainable alternative to synthetic agrochemicals to control L. multiflorum. The results corroborate that in vivo assays with a commercial emulsifiable concentrate need higher doses of the essential oils to reproduce previous in vitro trials. The higher in vivo phytotoxicity of winter savory essential oil constitutes an eco-friendly and less pernicious alternative to weed control. It is possible to achieve a greater in vivo phytotoxicity if less active essential oil like peppermint is included with other active excipients.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids from Plasmodium falciparum Down-Regulate the Toxic Activity of Malaria Glycosylphosphatidylinositols

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 5487-5496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Françoise Debierre-Grockiego ◽  
Louis Schofield ◽  
Nahid Azzouz ◽  
Jörg Schmidt ◽  
Cristiana Santos de Macedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Toxic Activity ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Tnf Α

ABSTRACT Plasmodium falciparum malaria kills roughly 2.5 million people, mainly children, annually. Much of this mortality is thought to arise from the actions of a malarial toxin. This toxin, identified as glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), is a major pathogenicity determinant in malaria. A malarial molecule, Pfj, labeled by [3H]glucosamine like the GPIs, was identified as a non-GPI molecule. Here we show that Pfj is able to down-regulate tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production induced by the GPI of P. falciparum. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that Pfj was not a single molecule but represented a number of molecules. Separation methods, such as cation-exchange chromatography and thin-layer chromatography, were used to isolate and identify the following four main fatty acids responsible for the inhibitory effect on TNF-α production: myristic, pentadecanoic, palmitic, and palmitoleic acids. This regulatory effect on cytokine production suggests that there is balanced bioactivity for the different categories of malarial lipids.

scholarly journals Efficacy of the Aqueous Extract of Azadirachta indica Against the Marine Parasitic Leech and Its Phytochemical Profiling

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1908
Author(s):  
Balu Alagar Venmathi Maran ◽  
Dawglas Josmeh ◽  
Jen Kit Tan ◽  
Yoong Soon Yong ◽  
Muhammad Dawood Shah
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Q Exactive

Zeylanicobdella arugamensis (Hirudinea), a marine parasitic leech, not only resulted in the mortality of the host fish (Groupers) but also caused economic losses. The current study aimed to elucidate the antiparasitic efficacy of the aqueous extract of the Azadirachta indica leaves against Z. arugamensis and to profile the composition via LC-Q Exactive HF Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Different concentrations (25, 50 and 100 mg/mL) of A. indica extract were prepared and tested on the parasitic leeches. The total mortality of leeches was noticed with an exposure to the A. indica aqueous extract. The average times required for the aqueous extract at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 mg/mL to kill the leeches were 42.65 ± 9.20, 11.69 ± 1.11 and 6.45 ± 0.45 min, respectively, in a dose-dependent manner. The Orbitrap mass spectrometry analysis indicated the presence of five flavonoids (myricetin 3-O-galactoside, trifolin, isorhamnetin, quercetin and kaempferol), four aromatics (4-methoxy benzaldehyde, scopoletin, indole-3-acrylic acid and 2,4-quinolinediol), three phenolics (p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and phloretin) and two terpenoids (pulegone and caryophyllene oxide). Thus, our study indicates that A. indica aqueous extract is a good source of metabolites with the potential to act as a biocontrol agent against the marine parasitic leech in aquaculture.

scholarly journals Design and Characterization of a Novel Tool for the Antigenic Enrichment of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Outer Membrane

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1014
Author(s):  
Fabio Antenucci ◽  
Armen Ovsepian ◽  
Agnieszka Wrobel ◽  
Hanne Cecilie Winther-Larsen ◽  
Anders Miki Bojesen
Keyword(s):  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Acyl Carrier Protein ◽  
Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Fast Screening ◽  
Chimeric Construct ◽  
Fluorescent Tag

Production and isolation of recombinant proteins are costly and work-intensive processes, especially in immunology when tens or hundreds of potential immunogens need to be purified for testing. Here we propose an alternative method for fast screening of immunogen candidates, based on genetic engineering of recombinant bacterial strains able to express and expose selected antigens on their outer membrane. In Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, a Gram-negative porcine pathogen responsible for extensive economic losses worldwide, we identified a conserved general secretion pathway (GSP) domain in the N-terminal part of the outer membrane protein ApfA (ApfA stem: ApfAs). ApfAs was used as an outer membrane anchor, to which potential immunogens can be attached. To enable confirmation of correct positioning, ApfAs, was cloned in combination with the modified acyl carrier protein (ACP) fluorescent tag ACP mini (ACPm) and the putative immunogen VacJ. The chimeric construct was inserted in the pMK-express vector, subsequently transformed into A. pleuropneumoniae for expression. Flow cytometry, fluorescence imaging and mass spectrometry analysis were employed to demonstrate that the outer membrane of the transformed strain was enriched with the chimeric ApfAs-ACPm-VacJ antigen. Our results confirmed correct positioning of the chimeric ApfAs-ACPm-VacJ antigen and supported this system’s potential as platform technology enabling antigenic enrichment of the outer membrane of A. pleuropneumoniae.

scholarly journals Exosome-transmitted lncRNA PCGEM1 as a "scaffold" for invasion and metastasis in gastric cancer.

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl) ◽  
pp. 18-18
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Differential Analysis ◽  
Invasion And Metastasis ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

18 Background: It is a major challenge that the hypoxia microenvironment can induce gastric cancer (GC).Understanding the underlying mechanisms and developing effective strategies against GC invasive and metastasis are highly desired in the clinic. Methods: GC cells were cultured under 1% O2 (HGC) and 20% O2 condition (NGC). NGC were co-cultured with HGC- medium. Exosomes from GC were extracted by ultracentrifugation. Electron microscopy images, western-blot and NanoSight particletracking used to analysis the size distributions and number of exosomes. Exosomal long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) profiling was performed using a lncRNA array. The “R” was used to recognize the differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs). RNA-pulldown and mass spectrometry analysis were recruited to investigate the binding protein of target lncRNA. Results: Compared to NGC, HGC was more capable of invasion and metastasis which was evaluated by scrape and transwell. And HGC-medium induced NGC dissociation. Differential analysis revealed that lncRNA PCGEM1 was specifically expressed in HGC exosomes. PCGEM1 was up-regulated in GC cell and tissue. And the luciferase report confirmed HIF-1α, as a transcription factor, can bind to the promoter sequence of PCGEM1, promotes the overexpression of PCGEM1 in GC. Dii tracer proved that HGC-derived exosomes could be absorbed by NGC. RNA pull-down assay and mass spectrometry analysis showed that SNAI1 and USP9X with PCGEM1 directly. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the overexpressed of HIF-1α can up-regulated the expression of lncRNA PCGEM1 under hypoxia condition. And part of the overexpression PCGEM1 can be encapsulated into exosomes. These exosomes promoted invasion and metastasis of other GC cells. The mechanism was that PCGEM1 can bind both USP9X and SNAI1 at the same time, and under the effect of deubiquitination enzyme USP9X, the expression of SNAI1 increased, thus promoting EMT and thereby promoted the invasion and metastasis of GC cells.

Spectrophotometry Measurement of Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Hamilton Harbour Sediments

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.P. Murphy ◽  
H. Brouwer ◽  
M.E. Fox ◽  
E. Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Hamilton Harbour

Abstract Eighty-one sediment cores were collected to determine the extent of coal tar contamination in a toxic area of Hamilton Harbour. Over 800 samples were analyzed by a UV spectrophotometric technique that was standardized with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. The coal tar distribution was variable. The highest concentrations were near the Stelco outfalls and the Hamilton-Wentworth combined sewer outfalls. The total concentration of the 16 polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 48,300 m3 of near-surface sediments exceeded 200 µg/g.

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