Host Range and Molecular Phylogenies of the Soft Rot Enterobacterial Genera Pectobacterium and Dickeya

Pectobacterium and Dickeya spp. are related broad-host-range entero-bacterial pathogens of angiosperms. A review of the literature shows that these genera each cause disease in species from at least 35% of angiosperm plant orders. The known host ranges of these pathogens partially overlap and, together, these two genera are pathogens of species from 50% of angiosperm plant orders. Notably, there are no reported hosts for either genus in the eudicots clade and no reported Dickeya hosts in the magnoliids or eurosids II clades, although Pectobacterium spp. are pathogens of at least one plant species in the magnoliids and at least one in each of the three eurosids II plant orders. In addition, Dickeya but not Pectobacterium spp. have been reported on a host in the rosids clade and, unlike Pectobacterium spp., have been reported on many Poales species. Natural disease among nonangiosperms has not been reported for either genus. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences concatenated from regions of seven housekeeping genes (acnA, gapA, icdA, mdh, mtlD, pgi, and proA) from representatives of these genera demonstrated that Dickeya spp. and the related tree pathogens, the genus Brenneria, are more diverse than Pectobacterium spp. and that the Pectobacterium strains can be divided into at least five distinct clades, three of which contain strains from multiple host plants.

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Phenotypically and Genotypically Heterogeneous Strains of Pseudomonas syringae Associated With Alfalfa Leaf Spot Disease in Iran

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-06-19-1153-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (12) ◽

pp. 3199-3208 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Maryam Ansari ◽

S. Mohsen Taghavi ◽

Sadegh Zarei ◽

Soraya Mehrb-Moghadam ◽

Hamzeh Mafakheri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Pseudomonas Syringae ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Housekeeping Genes ◽

Pcr Primers ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Alfalfa Leaf

In this study, we provide a polyphasic characterization of 18 Pseudomonas spp. strains associated with alfalfa leaf spot symptoms in Iran. All of the strains were pathogenic on alfalfa, although the aggressiveness and symptomology varied among the strains. All strains but one were pathogenic on broad bean, cucumber, honeydew, and zucchini, whereas only a fraction of the strains were pathogenic on sugar beet, tomato, and wheat. Syringomycin biosynthesis genes (syrB1 and syrP) were detected using the corresponding PCR primers in all of the strains isolated from alfalfa. Phylogenetic analyses using the sequences of four housekeeping genes (gapA, gltA, gyrB, and rpoD) revealed that all of the strains except one (Als34) belong to phylogroup 2b of P. syringae sensu lato, whereas strain Als34 placed within phylogroup 1 close to the type strain of P. syringae pv. apii. Among the phylogroup 2b strains, nine strains were phylogenetically close to the P. syringae pv. aptata clade, whereas the remainder were scattered among P. syringae pv. atrofaciens and P. syringae pv. syringae strains. Pathogenicity and host range assays of the bacterial strains evaluated in this study on a set of taxonomically diverse plant species did not allow us to assign a “pathovar” status to the alfalfa strains. However, these results provide novel insight into the host range and phylogenetic position of the alfalfa-pathogenic members of P. syringae sensu lato, and they reveal that phenotypically and genotypically heterogeneous strains of the pathogen cause bacterial leaf spot of alfalfa.

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Species composition and host range of fruit-infesting flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in northern Ghana

International Journal of Tropical Insect Science ◽

10.1017/s1742758415000090 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (03) ◽

pp. 137-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

K.B. Badii ◽

M.K. Billah ◽

K. Afreh-Nuamah ◽

D. Obeng-Ofori

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Plant Species ◽

Host Plants ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Fruit Flies ◽

Northern Ghana ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Wild Host ◽

Fruit Samples

An important aspect of fruit fly management is accurate information on the species and their host spectrum. Studies were conducted between October 2011 and September 2013 to determine the host range and species diversity of pest fruit flies in the northern savannah ecology of Ghana. Fruit samples from 80 potential host plants (wild and cultivated) were collected and incubated for fly emergence; 65 (81.5%) of the plant species were positive to fruit flies. From records in Africa, 11 plant species were reported to be new hosts to the African invader fly,Bactrocera invadens(Drew, Tsuruta and White, 2005). This study documented the first records ofDacus ciliatus(Loew) andTrirhithrum nigerrimum(Bezzi) in northern Ghana although both species have been previously reported in other parts of the country. Infestation byB. invadenswas higher in the cultivated fruits;Ceratitis cosyradominated in most wild fruits. Cucurbitaceae were mainly infested by three species ofDacusandBactroceracucurbitae, a specialized cucurbit feeder. Among the commercial fruit species, the highest infestations were observed in mango, tomato, sweet pepper and watermelon, whereas marula plum, soursop, tropical almond, sycamore fig, African peach, shea nut, persimmon, icacina and albarillo dominated the wild host flora. The widespread availability of host plants and the incidence of diverse fly species in the ecology call for particular attention to their impact on commercial fruits and the development of sustainable management strategies against these economically important pests in Ghana.

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KISARAN INANG DAN DINAMIKA POPULASI Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) DI PERTANAMAN CABAI MERAH

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.11147-56 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 47-56

Author(s):

Hendrival Hendrival ◽

Purnama Hidayat ◽

Ali Nurmansyah

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Host Plant ◽

Plant Species ◽

Bemisia Tabaci ◽

Population Dynamic ◽

Natural Enemy ◽

Host Plants ◽

Chili Pepper ◽

Plant Families ◽

Abundant Population

The study of host range and population dynamic of B. tabaci in red chili pepper fiel dswas conducted in Sub-district of Pakem, District of Sleman, Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta during dry season of May-October 2009. The study of host plants of B. tabaci from the red chili pepper fields revealed that there were 27 species of host plants belong to 22 genera of 13 families including crops and weeds. The host plants belong to families of Araceae, Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Capparidaceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Oxalidaceae, Papilionaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae and Sterculiaceae. The host plant families of Asteraceae and Euphorbiaceae had the most abundant population of B. tabaci. Geminivirus-like symptoms were found in the weeds of A. conyzoides and A. boehmerioides. Population of B. tabaci adults correlated with abundance of host plant species found in the red chili pepper fields. The population of B. tabaci in red chili pepper fields was affected by natural enemy population. Population dynamic of the parasitoid Eretmocerus sp. correlated with population dynamic of the parasitized nymph of B. tabaci. Parasitoid Eretmocerus sp. was potentially good in controlling population of B. tabaci nymph in red chili pepper fields.

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Shifts in diversification rates and host jump frequencies shaped the diversity of host range amongSclerotiniaceaefungal plant pathogens

10.1101/229930 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Olivier Navaud ◽

Adelin Barbacci ◽

Andrew Taylor ◽

John P. Clarkson ◽

Sylvain Raffaele

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Dominant Mode ◽

Diversification Rate ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Diversification Rates ◽

Host Jump ◽

Duplication Events ◽

Range Variation

AbstractThe range of hosts that a parasite can infect in nature is a trait determined by its own evolutionary history and that of its potential hosts. However, knowledge on host range diversity and evolution at the family level is often lacking. Here, we investigate host range variation and diversification trends within theSclerotiniaceae, a family of Ascomycete fungi. Using a phylogenetic framework, we associate diversification rates, the frequency of host jump events, and host range variation during the evolution of this family. Variations in diversification rate during the evolution of the Sclerotiniaceae define three major macro-evolutionary regimes with contrasted proportions of species infecting a broad range of hosts. Host-parasite co-phylogenetic analyses pointed towards parasite radiation on distant hosts long after host speciation (host jump or duplication events) as the dominant mode of association with plants in theSclerotiniaceae. The intermediate macro-evolutionary regime showed a low diversification rate, high frequency of duplication events, and the highest proportion of broad host range species. Consistent with previous reports on oomycete parasites, our findings suggest that host jump and radiation, possibly combined with low speciation rates, could associate with the emergence of generalist pathogens. These results have important implications for our understanding of fungal parasites evolution and are of particular relevance for the durable management of disease epidemics.

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Evaluation of host testing by comparing ingestion and settling behaviours

New Zealand Plant Protection ◽

10.30843/nzpp.2009.62.4777 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 62 ◽

pp. 191-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

W.R.M. Sandanayaka ◽

N.E.M. Page-Weir

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Host Range ◽

Plant Species ◽

Host Plants ◽

Rapid Assessment ◽

The Other ◽

Host Feeding ◽

Electrical Penetration Graph ◽

Epg Technique ◽

Host Testing

The electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique is being developed for rapid assessment of host range of potential xylem feeding invaders in New Zealand Stylet penetration behaviours of adult spittle bug Carystoterpa fingens were monitored for 12 h on grape lemon apple and kiwifruit plants using EPG A multiplechoice test of all four plant species was conducted concurrently with the EPG tests for comparison In EPG tests the longest probing and ingestion periods were recorded on grape and lemon while the shortest probing and ingestion periods were recorded on apple Results for kiwifruit were intermediate and not significantly different from the other plant types In the multiplechoice tests more insects were found on grape and lemon than on apple and kiwifruit The similar ranking of the host plants in both multiplechoice and EPG tests suggests that EPG is a valid tool for rapidly assessing host feeding acceptance and preference

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High-Quality Draft Genome Sequences of Two Xanthomonas Pathotype Strains Infecting Aroid Plants

Genome Announcements ◽

10.1128/genomea.00902-16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

I. Robène ◽

S. Bolot ◽

O. Pruvost ◽

M. Arlat ◽

L. D. Noël ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Host Plants ◽

Tissue Specificity ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

Draft Genome ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

High Quality ◽

Xanthomonas Axonopodis

We present here the draft genome sequences of bacterial pathogens of the Araceae family, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae LMG 695 and Xanthomonas campestris pv. syngonii LMG 9055, differing in host range. A comparison between genome sequences will help understand the mechanisms involved in tissue specificity and adaptation to host plants.

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SOME HOST PLANTS OF A CANADIAN ISOLATE OF THE CLOVER PHYLLODY VIRUS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps67-024 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 141-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

L. N. Chiykowski

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Plant Species ◽

Host Plants ◽

Canadian Isolate ◽

Wide Range ◽

Clover Phyllody

Clover phyllody symptoms appeared on 34 species of plants in 13 families inoculated by infective Macrosteles fascifrons (Stål) or Aphrodes bicinctus (Schrank). Forty-five other species of plants in 12 families showed no infection although they were inoculated by insects shown to be infective by subsequent transmission to aster. M. fascifrons also transmitted CPV from 17 of 18 infected species tested. Characteristic symptoms on infected plants of some of the species are described and illustrated.Efficiency of transmission and the ability to survive on a wide range of plant species demonstrates the importance of M. fascifrons as a vector for host range studies.

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A27 Whole genome characterization of influenza D viruses detected in cattle herds in northern Italy between 2015 and 2017

Virus Evolution ◽

10.1093/ve/vez002.026 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

A Bianco ◽

L Cavicchio ◽

A Fusaro ◽

G Rizzo ◽

A Milani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Range ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Illumina Miseq ◽

Northern Italy ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Human Influenza ◽

Cattle Herds ◽

Pcr Targeting

Abstract Influenza D virus (IDV) is a new viral genus identified within the Orthomyxoviridae family, showing 50 per cent amino acid identity with human influenza C virus. Similar to human influenza viruses of the C genus, IDV also harbors 7 genomic segments and uses 9-O-acetylated sialic acids as cell receptors. This newly emerged virus exhibits a broad host range and is capable of infecting swine, cattle, sheep, goats, ferrets, and guinea pigs. In Italy, IDV was first detected in archived samples collected between 2014 and 2015 from cattle and swine in the Po Valley area. Here, we report the genetic characterization of IDV viruses detected in an extensive area of northern Italy, namely Veneto, Lombardy, and Piedmont, through passive surveillance between September 2015 and October 2017. A total of 482 samples, including nasal swabs, lungs, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, collected from 309 cattle farms were tested. Thirty cattle herds turned out to be positive, for a total of 40 samples positive by Real Time RT-PCR targeting the PB2 gene. Representative IDV positive swabs were sequenced on an Illumina Miseq platform, and phylogenetic analyses were performed for each genome segment. The analyses of the seven gene segments demonstrated that the viruses identified in the north of Italy clearly grouped within a genetic cluster of IDV sequences previously described in Italy and in the USA, thus suggesting a common origin for these viruses. Interestingly, the IDVs identified in Italy presented a low similarity (96.1% to 98.8% for the seven gene segments) to the French IDVs, which is the only other European country where this pathogen has been identified and characterized so far. The wide IDV host range and the ability of this virus to reassort are a matter of concern. Results of this study indicate that IDV is extensively circulating among bovine herds in Northern Italy and suggest a potential role of IDV in the bovine respiratory disease complex, highlighting the need to perform surveillance on an ongoing basis to track its spread and evolution.

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A comparison of naïve and conditioned responses of three generalist endoparasitoids of lepidopteran larvae to host-induced plant odours

Animal Biology ◽

10.1163/157075606777304177 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 56 (2) ◽

pp. 205-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Ted Turlings ◽

Matthias Held ◽

Anthony Davison ◽

Ingrid Ricard ◽

Cristina Tamò

Keyword(s):

Associative Learning ◽

Host Range ◽

Plant Species ◽

Foraging Strategies ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Cotesia Marginiventris ◽

Wasp Species ◽

Lepidopteran Larvae ◽

Plant Odours ◽

Conditioned Responses

AbstractMany parasitic wasps that exploit herbivores as their hosts make use of herbivoreinduced plant odours to locate their victims and these wasps often exhibit an ability to learn to associate specific plant-produced odours with the presence of hosts. This associative learning is expected to allow generalist parasitoids to focus on cues that are most reliably associated with current host presence, but evidence supporting this hypothesis is ambiguous. Using a six-arm olfactometer we compared the responses of three generalist larval endoparasitoids, Cotesia marginiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Microplitis rufiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) and Campoletis sonorensis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), to the induced odours of three plant species: maize (Zea mays), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). We tested the responses of naïve females as well as of females that were first conditioned by parasitising host larvae feeding on one of the plant species. Despite similarities in biology and host range the three wasp species responded entirely differently. Naïve C. marginiventris and C. sonorensis chose equally among the induced odours of the three plants, whereas naïve M. rufiventris, which may have a somewhat more restricted host range, tended to prefer the odour of maize. After conditioning, most C. marginiventris females chose the odour of the plant species that they had experienced, but conditioned M. rufiventris showed an even stronger preference for maize odours, independently of the plant they had experienced. Cotesia sonorensis did not show any change in its preference after conditioning. We speculate that its extremely broad host range allows C. sonorensis females to use fixed responses to cues commonly associated with plants damaged by Lepidoptera. These results imply that different generalist parasitoids may employ different foraging strategies and that associative learning is not necessarily part of it.

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Current Status of Fusarium oxysporum Formae Speciales and Races

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-08-18-0320-rvw ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 109 (4) ◽

pp. 512-530 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

V. Edel-Hermann ◽

C. Lecomte

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Oxysporum ◽

Host Range ◽

Plant Species ◽

Current Status ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Formae Speciales ◽

Forma Specialis ◽

Comprehensive Search ◽

Fusarium Oxysporum Species Complex

The Fusarium oxysporum species complex includes both plant pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains, which are commonly found in soils. F. oxysporum has received considerable attention from plant pathologists for more than a century owing to its broad host range and the economic losses it causes. The narrow host specificity of pathogenic strains has led to the concept of formae speciales, each forma specialis grouping strains with the same host range. Initially restricted to one plant species, this host range was later found to be broader for many formae speciales. In addition, races were identified in some formae speciales, generally with cultivar-level specialization. In 1981, Armstrong and Armstrong listed 79 F. oxysporum formae speciales and mentioned races in 16 of them. Since then, the known host range of F. oxysporum has considerably increased, and many new formae speciales and races have been identified. We carried out a comprehensive search of the literature to propose this review of F. oxysporum formae speciales and races. We recorded 106 well-characterized formae speciales, together with 37 insufficiently documented ones, and updated knowledge on races and host ranges. We also recorded 58 plant species/genera susceptible to F. oxysporum but for which a forma specialis has not been characterized yet. This review raises issues regarding the nomenclature and the description of F. oxysporum formae speciales and races.

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