Creatine Supplementation Exhibits Sex Differences in White Adipose Tissue and Increases Mitochondrial Markers in Female Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Chantal Rose Ryan ◽  
Tyler Dunham ◽  
Jensen Murphy ◽  
Brian D. Roy ◽  
Rebecca E.K. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers

scholarly journals Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation Increases White Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Markers in Male and Female Rats in a Depot Specific Manner

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2406
Author(s):  
Chantal R. Ryan ◽  
Michael S. Finch ◽  
Tyler C. Dunham ◽  
Jensen E. Murphy ◽  
Brian D. Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Creatine Monohydrate ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis

White adipose tissue (WAT) is a dynamic endocrine organ that can play a significant role in thermoregulation. WAT has the capacity to adopt structural and functional characteristics of the more metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) and contribute to non-shivering thermogenesis under specific stimuli. Non-shivering thermogenesis was previously thought to be uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent however, recent evidence suggests that UCP1-independent mechanisms of thermogenesis exist. Namely, futile creatine cycling has been identified as a contributor to WAT thermogenesis. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of creatine supplementation to alter mitochondrial markers as well as adipocyte size and multilocularity in inguinal (iWAT), gonadal (gWAT), and BAT. Thirty-two male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with varying doses (0 g/L, 2.5 g/L, 5 g/L, and 10 g/L) of creatine monohydrate for 8 weeks. We demonstrate that mitochondrial markers respond in a sex and depot specific manner. In iWAT, female rats displayed significant increases in COXIV, PDH-E1alpha, and cytochrome C protein content. Male rats exhibited gWAT specific increases in COXIV and PDH-E1alpha protein content. This study supports creatine supplementation as a potential method of UCP1-independant thermogenesis and highlights the importance of taking a sex-specific approach when examining the efficacy of browning therapeutics in future research.

Tributyltin impacts in metabolic syndrome development through disruption of angiotensin II receptor signaling pathways in white adipose tissue from adult female rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Ceotto Freitas-Lima ◽  
Eduardo Merlo ◽  
Marina Campos Zicker ◽  
Juliana Maria Navia-Pelaez ◽  
Miriane de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Receptor Signaling ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor

scholarly journals Sex differences in sympathetic innervation and browning of white adipose tissue of mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Nam Kim ◽  
Young-Suk Jung ◽  
Hyun-Jung Kwon ◽  
Je Kyung Seong ◽  
James G. Granneman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation

Increased activities of mitochondrial enzymes in white adipose tissue in trained rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (3) ◽  
pp. E410-E414 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Stallknecht ◽  
J. Vinten ◽  
T. Ploug ◽  
H. Galbo
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Fat Cells ◽  
Fat Cell ◽  
Respiratory Chain Enzyme

During earlier fat cell studies we noticed that homogenates of white fat cells became more brown with training, a fact that might reflect an increased content of mitochondria. This raised the question whether training (as is the case in muscle) increases the oxidative capacity in fat cells. Groups of 8-12 rats were swim trained for 10 wk or served as either sedentary, sham swim-trained, or cold-stressed controls. White adipose tissue was removed, and the activities of the respiratory chain enzyme cytochrome-c oxidase (CCO) and of the enzyme malate dehydrogenase (MDH), which participates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle as well as in the mitochondrial malate-aspartate and acetyl-group shuttles, were determined. The CCO and MDH activities expressed per milligram protein were increased in male rats 4.4- and 2.8-fold, respectively, in the swim-trained compared with the sham swim-trained rats (P less than 0.05). In female rats the CCO activity expressed per milligram protein was increased 4.5-fold in the trained compared with the sedentary control rats (P less than 0.01). Neither cold stress nor sham swim training increased CCO or MDH activities in white adipose tissue (P greater than 0.05). In conclusion, in rats, intensive endurance training induces an increase in mitochondrial enzyme activities in white adipose tissue as is seen in skeletal muscle.

Abstract P171: Comparison Of Modulation Of Renal Arterial Tone By Perivascular Adipose Tissue Between Two Animal Models Of Metabolic Syndrome

Hypertension ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satomi Kagota ◽  
Kana Maruyama-Fumoto ◽  
Kana Morikawa ◽  
Kazumasa Shinozuka
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Arterial Tone

Sex differences have recently been noticed in the regulation of arterial tone by perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). In SHRSP.Z- Lepr fa /IzmDmcr (SHRSP.ZF) rats, an animal model of metabolic syndrome (MetS), we demonstrated that mesenteric and renal PVAT in female rats consistently have an enhancing effect on vasodilation at 23 weeks, an age by which the effect of PVAT is impaired in the male rats. This could explain the sex differences in the prevalence of cardiovascular complications in patients with MetS. Therefore, we determined whether the sex difference in PVAT response also occurs in another animal model of MetS, SHR/NDmcr-cp (SHR-cp) rats.Renal arteries were isolated from male and female 23-week-old SHR-cp rats, and ring preparations with and without PVAT were made. After a stable contraction was obtained by phenylephrine administration, vasodilation in response to acetylcholine was examined using organ bath methods.Vasodilation in arteries without PVAT from female rats was smaller than that in arteries without PVAT from male rats, and presence of PVAT in arteries from female rats increased vasodilation to the same level as that observed in arteries without PVAT from male rats. Furthermore, renal PVAT in male rats was shown to have an enhancing effect on vasodilation.The present study did not identify sex differences in renal PVAT-mediated modulation in SHR-cp rats because the enhancing effects of PVAT did not disappear in male SHR-cp rats, in contrast to that observed in male SHRSP.ZF rats at the same age. The difference in PVAT response in male rats between two MetS models may be due to differences in the severity of MetS symptoms, especially blood pressure, between the models.

scholarly journals The development of white adipose tissue. Effect of litter size on the lipoprotein lipase activity of four adipose-tissue depots, serum immunoreactive insulin and tissue cellularity during the first year of life in male and female rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 186 (3) ◽  
pp. 805-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cryer ◽  
H M Jones
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Adipose Tissue Depots ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
First Year Of Life

(1.) Male and female rats reared in litters of four gained body weight more rapidly than animals reared in litters of 16. The differences were more marked in males than females and became less marked in both sexes with advancing age. (2.) The relative weights of the perigenital, perirenal, subcutaneous and intramuscular white-adipose-tissue sites in the animals from small litters indicated their relative obesity compared with animals from large litters. A sex-related difference in the distribution of adipose tissue between the four sites was seen in animals reared in litters of both four and 16. (3.) Although at 30 days of age all the animals had more numerous and larger fat-cells in their white-adipose-tissue depots than animals reared in large litters, the pattern of change thereafter was both site- and sex-specific. During the post-weaning period (30-300 days), although detailed differences were apparent between sites, a general pattern of increased cell size in males and increased cell numbers in females emerged as being the important determinants responsible for the differences in depot sizes seen when animals from litters of four and 16 were compared. (4.) Lipoprotein lipase activities, expressed as units/g fresh wt. of tissue, in the depots of animals reared in groups of four were unaltered compared with those reared in groups of sixteen during the post-weaning period (47-300 days of age), and enzyme activities expressed per depot merely reflected differences in tissue weights. (5.) Lipoprotein lipase activities per 10(6) cells were higher in males reared in fours compared with those reared in sixteens of equivalent age, but were unaltered for females. (6.) The persistent hyperinsulinaemia of animals reared in litters of four is discussed in relation to the observed differences in enzyme activity and white-adipose-tissue cellularity.

scholarly journals Caloric Restriction and Hypothalamic Leptin Gene Therapy Have Differential Effects on Energy Partitioning in Adult Female Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6789
Author(s):  
Russell T. Turner ◽  
Carmen P. Wong ◽  
Kristina M. Fosse ◽  
Adam J. Branscum ◽  
Urszula T. Iwaniec
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Brown Adipose

Dieting is a common but often ineffective long-term strategy for preventing weight gain. Similar to humans, adult rats exhibit progressive weight gain. The adipokine leptin regulates appetite and energy expenditure but hyperleptinemia is associated with leptin resistance. Here, we compared the effects of increasing leptin levels in the hypothalamus using gene therapy with conventional caloric restriction on weight gain, food consumption, serum leptin and adiponectin levels, white adipose tissue, marrow adipose tissue, and bone in nine-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats (n = 16) were implanted with a cannula in the 3rd ventricle of the hypothalamus and injected with a recombinant adeno-associated virus, encoding the rat gene for leptin (rAAV-Lep), and maintained on standard rat chow for 18 weeks. A second group (n = 15) was calorically-restricted to match the weight of the rAAV-Lep group. Both approaches prevented weight gain, and no differences in bone were detected. However, calorically-restricted rats consumed 15% less food and had lower brown adipose tissue Ucp-1 mRNA expression than rAAV-Lep rats. Additionally, calorically-restricted rats had higher abdominal white adipose tissue mass, higher serum leptin and adiponectin levels, and higher marrow adiposity. Caloric restriction and hypothalamic leptin gene therapy, while equally effective in preventing weight gain, differ in their effects on energy intake, energy expenditure, adipokine levels, and body composition.

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