Up-regulation of lipogenic enzyme genes expression in inguinal white adipose tissue of female rats by progesterone

During earlier fat cell studies we noticed that homogenates of white fat cells became more brown with training, a fact that might reflect an increased content of mitochondria. This raised the question whether training (as is the case in muscle) increases the oxidative capacity in fat cells. Groups of 8-12 rats were swim trained for 10 wk or served as either sedentary, sham swim-trained, or cold-stressed controls. White adipose tissue was removed, and the activities of the respiratory chain enzyme cytochrome-c oxidase (CCO) and of the enzyme malate dehydrogenase (MDH), which participates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle as well as in the mitochondrial malate-aspartate and acetyl-group shuttles, were determined. The CCO and MDH activities expressed per milligram protein were increased in male rats 4.4- and 2.8-fold, respectively, in the swim-trained compared with the sham swim-trained rats (P less than 0.05). In female rats the CCO activity expressed per milligram protein was increased 4.5-fold in the trained compared with the sedentary control rats (P less than 0.01). Neither cold stress nor sham swim training increased CCO or MDH activities in white adipose tissue (P greater than 0.05). In conclusion, in rats, intensive endurance training induces an increase in mitochondrial enzyme activities in white adipose tissue as is seen in skeletal muscle.

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Upregulation of lipogenic enzymes genes expression in white adipose tissue of rats with chronic renal failure is associated with higher level of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1

Metabolism ◽

10.1016/j.metabol.2004.02.015 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 53 (8) ◽

pp. 1060-1065 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Justyna Korczynska ◽

Ewa Stelmanska ◽

Anna Nogalska ◽

Marek Szolkiewicz ◽

Elzbieta Goyke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Failure ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Chronic Renal Failure ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Regulatory Element ◽

Lipogenic Enzymes ◽

Genes Expression ◽

Element Binding Protein ◽

Sterol Regulatory Element

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The development of white adipose tissue. Effect of litter size on the lipoprotein lipase activity of four adipose-tissue depots, serum immunoreactive insulin and tissue cellularity during the first year of life in male and female rats

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bj1860805 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 186 (3) ◽

pp. 805-815 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

A Cryer ◽

H M Jones

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Lipoprotein Lipase ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

General Pattern ◽

Female Rats ◽

Immunoreactive Insulin ◽

Male And Female ◽

Adipose Tissue Depots ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

First Year Of Life

(1.) Male and female rats reared in litters of four gained body weight more rapidly than animals reared in litters of 16. The differences were more marked in males than females and became less marked in both sexes with advancing age. (2.) The relative weights of the perigenital, perirenal, subcutaneous and intramuscular white-adipose-tissue sites in the animals from small litters indicated their relative obesity compared with animals from large litters. A sex-related difference in the distribution of adipose tissue between the four sites was seen in animals reared in litters of both four and 16. (3.) Although at 30 days of age all the animals had more numerous and larger fat-cells in their white-adipose-tissue depots than animals reared in large litters, the pattern of change thereafter was both site- and sex-specific. During the post-weaning period (30-300 days), although detailed differences were apparent between sites, a general pattern of increased cell size in males and increased cell numbers in females emerged as being the important determinants responsible for the differences in depot sizes seen when animals from litters of four and 16 were compared. (4.) Lipoprotein lipase activities, expressed as units/g fresh wt. of tissue, in the depots of animals reared in groups of four were unaltered compared with those reared in groups of sixteen during the post-weaning period (47-300 days of age), and enzyme activities expressed per depot merely reflected differences in tissue weights. (5.) Lipoprotein lipase activities per 10(6) cells were higher in males reared in fours compared with those reared in sixteens of equivalent age, but were unaltered for females. (6.) The persistent hyperinsulinaemia of animals reared in litters of four is discussed in relation to the observed differences in enzyme activity and white-adipose-tissue cellularity.

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The age-related inverse relationship between ob and lipogenic enzymes genes expression in rat white adipose tissue

Experimental Gerontology ◽

10.1016/s0531-5565(02)00210-3 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 415-422 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

A Nogalska

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Lipogenic Enzymes ◽

Age Related ◽

Genes Expression

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Caloric Restriction and Hypothalamic Leptin Gene Therapy Have Differential Effects on Energy Partitioning in Adult Female Rats

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22136789 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (13) ◽

pp. 6789

Author(s):

Russell T. Turner ◽

Carmen P. Wong ◽

Kristina M. Fosse ◽

Adam J. Branscum ◽

Urszula T. Iwaniec

Keyword(s):

Gene Therapy ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Caloric Restriction ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Female Rats ◽

Leptin Resistance ◽

Serum Leptin ◽

Brown Adipose

Dieting is a common but often ineffective long-term strategy for preventing weight gain. Similar to humans, adult rats exhibit progressive weight gain. The adipokine leptin regulates appetite and energy expenditure but hyperleptinemia is associated with leptin resistance. Here, we compared the effects of increasing leptin levels in the hypothalamus using gene therapy with conventional caloric restriction on weight gain, food consumption, serum leptin and adiponectin levels, white adipose tissue, marrow adipose tissue, and bone in nine-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats (n = 16) were implanted with a cannula in the 3rd ventricle of the hypothalamus and injected with a recombinant adeno-associated virus, encoding the rat gene for leptin (rAAV-Lep), and maintained on standard rat chow for 18 weeks. A second group (n = 15) was calorically-restricted to match the weight of the rAAV-Lep group. Both approaches prevented weight gain, and no differences in bone were detected. However, calorically-restricted rats consumed 15% less food and had lower brown adipose tissue Ucp-1 mRNA expression than rAAV-Lep rats. Additionally, calorically-restricted rats had higher abdominal white adipose tissue mass, higher serum leptin and adiponectin levels, and higher marrow adiposity. Caloric restriction and hypothalamic leptin gene therapy, while equally effective in preventing weight gain, differ in their effects on energy intake, energy expenditure, adipokine levels, and body composition.

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Estradiol regulation of mRNA expression of stimulatory G-protein α-subunit in white adipose tissue from female rats

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje.0.1300146 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 130 (2) ◽

pp. 146-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Giovanni De Pergola ◽

Xuefan Xu ◽

Björn Carlsson ◽

Peter Eriksson ◽

Staffan Edén ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Cell Membrane ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Female Rats ◽

Ovariectomized Rats ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Fat Cell ◽

Α Subunit

De Pergola G, Xu X, Carlsson B, Eriksson P, Edén S, Giorgino R, Björntorp P. Estradiol regulation of mRNA expression of stimulatory α-subunit in white adipose tissue from female rats. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:146–50. ISSN 0804–4643 Adipose tissue has been recognized as a major peripheral metabolic target of estrogens. The present study was addressed to examine in female rats whether differences in the adipose tissue mRNA expression of α-subunit of stimulatory (Gs) and/or inhibitory (Gj) G-proteins exist between intact and ovariectomized rats, the latter with or without estradiol or testosterone treatment. The fat cell membrane protein amount of Gs and Gj α-subunit also was examined. All these parameters were evaluated in parametrial fat tissue samples obtained from 40 female Sprague-Dawley rats. A group of rats (N=20) was investigated for evaluation of mRNA expression and another group (N=20) for quantification of the protein amount of Gs and Gj α-subunit. Each group was represented by five control rats (sham-operated), five ovariectomized (OVX) rats, five ovariectomized rats treated with estradiol (OVXE) and five ovariectomized rats treated with testosterone (OVXT). Ribonucleic acid extracted from adipose tissue and analyzed by northern blot with Gαs, Gαi-1 and Gαi-2 cRNA probes revealed three major bands with estimated sizes of 1.9, 3.5 and 2.35 kb, respectively. Messenger RNA quantitative analysis, by a solution of hybridization RNAase protection assay on total nucleic acid samples, showed that the amount of Gαi-1 and Gαi-2 mRNA was similar within the different groups, whereas the Gαs mRNA was significantly less abundant (p <0.01) in OVX and OVXT rats than in control or OVXE rats. No difference in Gαs mRNA content was found between control and OVXE rats. As with mRNA analysis, protein quantitative analysis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in fat cell membrane preparation showed that the amount of Gαi(1–2) was similar within the different groups and that the Gαs content was significantly higher in control and OVXE rats than in OVX and OVXT rats (p<0.01). This study in female rats shows that estradiol may be involved in the control of protein amount and mRNA expression of Gs α-subunit in adipose tissue. These results may explain in part how estrogens regulate the variations of body fat mass in female rats. Giovanni De Pergola, via Putignani 236, 70122 Bari, Italy

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Creatine Monohydrate Supplementation Increases White Adipose Tissue Mitochondrial Markers in Male and Female Rats in a Depot Specific Manner

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13072406 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 2406

Author(s):

Chantal R. Ryan ◽

Michael S. Finch ◽

Tyler C. Dunham ◽

Jensen E. Murphy ◽

Brian D. Roy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Protein Content ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Creatine Supplementation ◽

Creatine Monohydrate ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male And Female ◽

Mitochondrial Markers ◽

Specific Manner ◽

Shivering Thermogenesis

White adipose tissue (WAT) is a dynamic endocrine organ that can play a significant role in thermoregulation. WAT has the capacity to adopt structural and functional characteristics of the more metabolically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) and contribute to non-shivering thermogenesis under specific stimuli. Non-shivering thermogenesis was previously thought to be uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent however, recent evidence suggests that UCP1-independent mechanisms of thermogenesis exist. Namely, futile creatine cycling has been identified as a contributor to WAT thermogenesis. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of creatine supplementation to alter mitochondrial markers as well as adipocyte size and multilocularity in inguinal (iWAT), gonadal (gWAT), and BAT. Thirty-two male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with varying doses (0 g/L, 2.5 g/L, 5 g/L, and 10 g/L) of creatine monohydrate for 8 weeks. We demonstrate that mitochondrial markers respond in a sex and depot specific manner. In iWAT, female rats displayed significant increases in COXIV, PDH-E1alpha, and cytochrome C protein content. Male rats exhibited gWAT specific increases in COXIV and PDH-E1alpha protein content. This study supports creatine supplementation as a potential method of UCP1-independant thermogenesis and highlights the importance of taking a sex-specific approach when examining the efficacy of browning therapeutics in future research.

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