scholarly journals A single bout of strenuous exercise overcomes lipid‐induced anabolic resistance to protein ingestion in overweight, middle‐aged men

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 7009-7017 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Smiles ◽  
Tyler A. Churchward-Venne ◽  
Luc J. C. Loon ◽  
John A. Hawley ◽  
Donny M. Camera
Keyword(s):  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Anabolic Resistance ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Protein Ingestion

Abstract 1654: Reduced Left Ventricular Diastolic Function Follows Prolonged Strenuous Exercise In Middle-aged Male Athletes

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A Ramer ◽  
Zion Sasson ◽  
Gian-Marco Busato ◽  
Joan A Persaud ◽  
Amrit A Malik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Mitral Inflow ◽  
Significant Prolongation ◽  
Middle Aged Male

Introduction: A number of studies have demonstrated LV diastolic dysfunction after prolonged strenuous exercise. However, data remain conflicting in part because of uncontrolled and disparate experimental conditions. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that a decline in LV diastolic function follows prolonged exercise among middle aged male athletes. Methods: Eight middle aged recreational male athletes (ages 47–59, mean 52.4± 1.3 years) were recruited. On separate days at least one week apart, subjects performed continuous running of 150 min duration at low and high intensities (55% vs 80% VO2 max, respectively). On each day of exercise, subjects underwent echocardiographic assessments immediately before and 60 min following exercise. Diastolic function was assessed by standard pulsed wave Doppler and tissue Doppler techniques. Efforts were made to maintain hydration throughout, and hematocrit was checked with each echocardiographic assessment. Results: Sixty minutes following prolonged exercise, the mean resting heart rate was significantly elevated compared to baseline (81±5 vs 63±3 bpm, p<0.01) and a drop in systolic blood pressure was observed (115±4 vs 132±5mmHg, p=0.02). Baseline and post-exercise hematocrit were similar (43.3%±0.8 vs 43.4%±0.8). Mean (±sem) indices of diastolic function are summarized below and included a significant decline in peak mitral inflow E velocity, accompanied by an increase in mitral inflow A velocity which was significant after high intensity exercise. The decline in both the E/A and e’/a’ ratio was significant for both high and low exercise intensities. A significant prolongation in the IVRT and the mitral inflow E wave deceleration time were seen following low intensity exercise. Conclusions: In middle aged men, prolonged exercise is associated with diminished resting LV diastolic performance, detectable one hour following exercise. These changes appear to be independent of hydration state.

scholarly journals Similar mitochondrial signaling responses to a single bout of continuous or small-sided-games-based exercise in sedentary men

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (6) ◽  
pp. 1326-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Mendham ◽  
Rob Duffield ◽  
Aaron J. Coutts ◽  
Frank E. Marino ◽  
Andriy Boyko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
P53 Protein ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Single Bout

This study assessed the mitochondrial related signaling responses to a single bout of noncontact, modified football (touch rugby), played as small-sided games (SSG), or cycling (CYC) exercise in sedentary, obese, middle-aged men. In a randomized, crossover design, nine middle-aged, sedentary, obese men completed two, 40-min exercise conditions (CYC and SSG) separated by a 21-day recovery period. Heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected during each bout. Needle biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were collected at rest and 30 and 240 min postexercise for analysis of protein content and phosphorylation (PGC-1α, SIRT1, p53, p53Ser15, AMPK, AMPKThr172, CAMKII, CAMKIIThr286, p38MAPK, and p38MAPKThr180/Tyr182) and mRNA expression (PGC-1α, p53, NRF1, NRF2, Tfam, and cytochrome c). A main effect of time effect for both conditions was evident for HR, RPE, and blood lactate ( P < 0.05), with no condition by time interaction ( P > 0.05). Both conditions increased PGC1-α protein and mRNA expression at 240 min ( P < 0.05). AMPKThr172 increased 30 min post CYC ( P < 0.05), with no change in SSG ( P > 0.05). CYC increased p53 protein content at 240 min to a greater extent than SSG ( P < 0.05). mRNA expression of NRF2 decreased in both conditions ( P < 0.05). No condition by time interactions were evident for mRNA expression of Tfam, NRF1, cytochrome c, and p53. The similar PGC-1α response between intensity-matched conditions suggests both conditions are of similar benefit for stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis. Differences between conditions regarding fluctuation in exercise intensity and type of muscle contraction may explain the increase of p53 and AMPK within CYC and not SSG (noncontact, modified football).

Influence of Timing of Postexercise Carbohydrate-Protein Ingestion on Selected Immune Indices

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo J.S Costa ◽  
Samuel J. Oliver ◽  
Stewart J. Laing ◽  
Robert Walters ◽  
James L.J Bilzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Independent Effect ◽  
Leukocyte Trafficking ◽  
Norepinephrine Concentration ◽  
Protein Ingestion ◽  
Neutrophil Degranulation ◽  
Unstimulated Saliva

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of immediate and 1-hr-delayed carbohydrate (CHO) and protein (PRO) feeding after prolonged exercise on leukocyte trafficking, bacterially stimulated neutrophil degranulation, saliva secretory IgA (S-IgA) responses, and circulating stress hormones. In randomized order, separated by 1 wk, 9 male runners completed 3 feeding interventions after 2 hr of running at 75% VO2max. During control (CON), participants received water (12 ml/kg body mass [BM]) immediately and 1 hr postexercise. During immediate feeding (IF), participants received a CHO-PRO solution equal to 1.2 g CHO/kg BM and 0.4 g PRO/kg BM immediately postexercise and water 1 hr postexercise. During delayed feeding (DF), participants received water immediately postexercise and CHO-PRO solution 1 hr postexercise. Unstimulated saliva and venous blood samples were collected preexercise, immediately postexercise, and every 20 min until 140 min postexercise. No significant interactions were observed for circulating leukocytes and T-lymphocyte subset counts, S-IgA secretion rate, or plasma cortisol, epinephrine, or norepinephrine concentration. Bacterially stimulated neutrophil degranulation decreased during recovery on CON and DF (24% and 31%, respectively, at 140 min; p < .01) but not on IF. Compared with CON, neutrophil degranulation was higher on IF at 100 min postexercise and higher on IF than DF at 80 min and 100 min onward postexercise (p < .05). Ingestion of a CHO-PRO solution immediately after, but not 1 hr after, prolonged strenuous exercise prevented the decrease in neutrophil degranulation but did not alter circulating stress hormone, leukocyte trafficking, or S-IgA responses. Further research should identify the independent effect of different quantities of CHO and PRO ingestion during recovery on neutrophil responses and other aspects of immune function.

scholarly journals Strenuous 12-h run elevates circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation and intestinal permeability in middle-aged amateur runners: A preliminary study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249183
Author(s):  
Ewa Sadowska-Krępa ◽  
Michał Rozpara ◽  
Adam Rzetecki ◽  
Sebastian Bańkowski ◽  
Aleksandra Żebrowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Permeability ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Proteins ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Hs Crp

Given the solid evidence that prolonged strenuous exercise is a cause of metabolic stress, this study sought to determine whether a 12-h run would affect total oxidant status (TOS), total oxidant capacity (TOC), total antioxidant status (TAS), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and the biomarkers of intestinal permeability (protein fatty acid-binding proteins (I-FABP) and zonulin) in middle-aged male subjects. Ten amateur long-distance runners (aged 52.0 ± 6.2 years, body height 176.9 ± 4.9 cm, body mass 73.9 ± 6.0 kg) were enrolled in the study. The venous blood samples were collected 1 hour before and right after the run and were analyzed for the levels of TAS, TOS/TOC, hs-CRP, I-FABP and zonulin. The post-run concentrations of TOS/TOC were significantly elevated (p < 0.001), but TAS changes were not significant. Pearson’s correlation coefficients calculated for the post run values of TAS and TOS/TOC were statistically significant and negative (r = -0.750, p < 0.05). Significant increases in the concentrations of hs-CRP (p < 0.001), I-FABP (p < 0.05) and zonulin (p < 0.01) were noted. The results indicate that a strenuous 12-h run disturbs the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in middle-aged men, as well as promoting inflammation and impairing intestinal permeability.

Regular Moderate Exercise Training Prevents Decrease of CD4+ T-Lymphocytes Induced by a Single Bout of Strenuous Exercise in Mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Chuen Fu ◽  
Lin Qin ◽  
Chi Kam Leung ◽  
Barbara Pui Chan ◽  
Kai Ming Chan
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Handling Stress ◽  
Flow Cytometric ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Leukocyte Populations ◽  
Moderate Exercise Training

The biphasic effects of exercise training on the immune system have been studied extensively and represented by the well-known J-shaped curve with respect to training intensity. However, the relationship and interactions between "beneficial" exercise training and "harmful" strenuous exercise have not been researched. This study was designed to determine whether regular moderate exercise training could affect the changes of percentage of T-lymphocytes induced by a single bout of strenuous exercise. A protocol to run uphill on a 10° tilted treadmill for 4 weeks was employed as moderate exercise training in mice, while a sedentary control group of mice was exposed to the same handling stress without training. The trained and untrained mice were then exposed to a single bout of strenuous exercise until exhaustion. Total leukocytes were collected from spleen and peripheral blood at 0 hr, 3 hrs, and 24 hrs postexhaustion, as well as from the control groups. Flow cytometric analyses were conducted to determine the percentages of selected leukocyte populations. It was demonstrated that moderate exercise training prevented the decrease of CD4+ but stimulated the increase of CD25+CD8+ T-lymphocytes induced by a single bout of strenuous exercise, indicating an adaptive response that can affect changes of leukocyte subpopuplations. Key words: CD8, flow cytometry, exhaustion, splenic T-cell

scholarly journals The Muscle Protein Synthetic Response to Whey Protein Ingestion Is Greater in Middle-Aged Women Compared With Men

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 994-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid M H Horstman ◽  
Imre W K Kouw ◽  
Jan-Willem van Dijk ◽  
Henrike M Hamer ◽  
Bart B L Groen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whey Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Protein Ingestion

Exercise-induced functional desensitization of canine cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1721-1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. Friedman ◽  
G. A. Ordway ◽  
R. S. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Beta Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Beta Adrenergic ◽  
Single Bout ◽  
Chronotropic Effects ◽  
Exercise Induced

To test the hypothesis that the high levels of endogenous catecholamines associated with strenuous exercise produce functional desensitization of cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors, we measured the bolus chronotropic dose of isoproterenol necessary to produce a 25-beats/min increase in heart rate (CD25) in the resting state and after the return of heart rate to resting levels after 60 min of treadmill running in 13 normal dogs. Immediately after exercise, 12 of 13 dogs were less sensitive to the chronotropic effects of beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation: mean CD25 increased from 1.16 +/- 0.17 to 3.50 +/- 0.98 micrograms (P less than 0.02). A similar reduction in isoproterenol sensitivity was evident regardless of whether testing was performed in the presence or absence of vagal blockade with atropine. By 3 h after exercise, CD25 had returned to the preexercise level, with no further change noted 24 h after exercise. There was no change in the CD25 when measured serially in three unexercised dogs. We conclude that a single bout of dynamic exercise is sufficient to produce a significantly decreased chronotropic responsiveness to isoproterenol. This phenomenon may represent an acute but transient desensitization of cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors.

scholarly journals Effect of acute and short-term dietary fat ingestion on postprandial skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates in middle-aged, overweight, and obese men

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. E417-E429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostas Tsintzas ◽  
Robert Jones ◽  
Pardeep Pabla ◽  
Joanne Mallinson ◽  
David A. Barrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Protein ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Anabolic Resistance ◽  
Protein Ingestion ◽  
Dietary Protein Ingestion

Muscle anabolic resistance to dietary protein is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. However, the contribution of excess consumption of fat to anabolic resistance is not well studied. The aim of these studies was to test the hypothesis that acute and short-term dietary fat overload will impair the skeletal muscle protein synthetic response to dietary protein ingestion. Eight overweight/obese men [46.4 ± 1.4 yr, body mass index (BMI) 32.3 ± 5.4 kg/m2] participated in the acute feeding study, which consisted of two randomized crossover trials. On each occasion, subjects ingested an oral meal (with and without fat emulsion), 4 h before the coingestion of milk protein, intrinsically labeled with [1-13C]phenylalanine, and dextrose. Nine overweight/obese men (44.0 ± 1.7 yr, BMI 30.1 ± 1.1 kg/m2) participated in the chronic study, which consisted of a baseline, 1-wk isocaloric diet, followed by a 2-wk high-fat diet (+25% energy excess). Acutely, incorporation of dietary amino acids into the skeletal muscle was twofold higher ( P < 0.05) in the lipid trial compared with control. There was no effect of prior lipid ingestion on indices of insulin sensitivity (muscle glucose uptake, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity, and Akt phosphorylation) in response to the protein/dextrose drink. Fat overfeeding had no effect on muscle protein synthesis or glucose disposal in response to whey protein ingestion, despite increased muscle diacylglycerol C16:0 ( P = 0.06) and ceramide C16:0 ( P < 0.01) levels. Neither acute nor short-term dietary fat overload has a detrimental effect on the skeletal muscle protein synthetic response to dietary protein ingestion in overweight/obese men, suggesting that dietary-induced accumulation of intramuscular lipids per se is not associated with anabolic resistance.

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