Human Genome Epidemiology: Translating advances in human genetics into population-based data for medicine and public health

Subject. The article addresses the public health in the Russian Federation and Israel. Objectives. The focus is on researching the state of public health in Russia and Israel, using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) project methodology, identifying problem areas and searching for possible ways to improve the quality of health of the Russian population based on the experience of Israel. Methods. The study draws on the ideology of the GBD project, which is based on the Disability-Adjusted Life-Year (DALY) metric. Results. The paper reveals the main causes of DALY losses and important risk factors for cancer for Russia and Israel. The findings show that the total DALY losses for Russia exceed Israeli values. The same is true for cancer diseases. Conclusions. Activities in Israel aimed at improving the quality of public health, the effectiveness of which has been proven, can serve as practical recommendations for Russia. The method of analysis, using the ideology of the GBD project, can be used as a tool for quantitative and comparative assessment of the public health.

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The Evolution of the Healthy Brain Initiative

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2542 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 720-720

Author(s):

Lisa McGuire

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Population Based ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Dementia Caregivers ◽

Local Public Health ◽

Success Stories ◽

Road Map ◽

Indian Country ◽

State And Local ◽

Map Series

Abstract The Healthy Brain Initiative (HBI) seeks to advance public health awareness of and action on ADRD as a public health issue. The HBI Road Map Series, State and Local Public Health Partnerships to Address Dementia: The 2018–2023 Road Map (S&L RM) and Road Map for Indian Country (RMIC), provide the public health with concrete steps to respond to the growing burden of ADRD in communities, consistent with the aim of the Building Our Largest Dementia (BOLD) Infrastructure for Alzheimer’s Act (P.L. 115-406). This series of RMs for state, local, and tribal public health provide flexible menus of actions to address cognitive health, including ADRD, and support for dementia caregivers with population-based approaches. This session will describe how the initiative evolved over the past 15 years including policy and implementation success stories.

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Expanding the concept of the professional integrity of obstetrics during a public health emergency

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2020-0174 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 435-437 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Frank A. Chervenak ◽

Amos Grünebaum ◽

Eran Bornstein ◽

Shane Wasden ◽

Adi Katz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

New York ◽

Clinical Judgment ◽

Ethical Judgment ◽

Population Based ◽

Public Health Emergency ◽

Ethical Challenge ◽

Professional Integrity ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Obstetric Services

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed great demands on many hospitals to maximize their capacity to care for affected patients. The requirement to reassign space has created challenges for obstetric services. We describe the nature of that challenge for an obstetric service in New York City. This experience raised an ethical challenge: whether it would be consistent with professional integrity to respond to a public health emergency with a plan for obstetric services that would create an increased risk of rare maternal mortality. We answered this question using the conceptual tools of professional ethics in obstetrics, especially the professional virtue of integrity. A public health emergency requires frameshifting from an individual-patient perspective to a population-based perspective. We show that an individual-patient-based, beneficence-based deliberative clinical judgment is not an adequate basis for organizational policy in response to a public health emergency. Instead, physicians, especially those in leadership positions, must frameshift to population-based clinical ethical judgment that focuses on reduction of mortality as much as possible in the entire population of patients served by a healthcare organization.

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The relative importance of work-related and non-work-related stressors and perceived social support on global perceived stress in a cross-sectional population-based sample

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10594-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jes Bak Sørensen ◽

Mathias Lasgaard ◽

Morten Vejs Willert ◽

Finn Breinholt Larsen

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Social Support ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Perceived Social Support ◽

Population Based ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Work Situation ◽

Explanatory Variables ◽

Work Related ◽

Work Related Stressors

Abstract Background High levels of perceived stress have a negative bearing on health and well-being, and stress is a major public health issue. According to the Stress Process Model, stressors are socially patterned and combine to produce strain. Despite this, most studies on stress have focused on work-related stressors leaving non-work determinants under-investigated. The aim of the present study was to determine the relative importance of work-related and non-work-related stressors and perceived social support for the overall perceived stress level. Methods Self-reported data were drawn from the 2017 population-based health survey “How are you?” conducted in the Central Denmark Region (N = 32,417). Data were linked with data drawn from national administrative registers. Work- and non-work-related stressors assessed included major life events, chronic stressors and daily hassles. Perceived social support was assessed using a single question. Overall perceived stress was assessed by the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale. We conducted dominance analyses based on a multiple linear regression model to determine the most important explanatory variables of overall perceived stress. Analyses were weighted and adjusted. Results Work- and non-work-related stressors along with perceived social support explained 42.5% of the total variance (R2) in overall perceived stress. The most important explanatory variables were disease, perceived social support and work situation. The stratified analyses produced slightly varying results (“dominance profiles”) of perceived stress between subgroups. Work situation was the most important explanatory variable in the employed group. However, adding non-work-related explanatory variables to the analysis tripled the explained variance. Conclusions The overall level of perceived stress can be statistically explained by a combination of work- and non-work-related stressors and perceived social support both at population level and in subgroups. The most important explanatory variables of overall perceived stress are disease, perceived social support and work situation. Results indicate that public health strategies aiming to reduce stress should take a comprehensive approach and address a variety of stressor domains rather than focus on a single domain. Trial registration The study was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (r. no. 2012-58-0006) and registered in the Central Denmark Region (r. no. 1-16-02-593-16).

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Triage Management, Survival, and the Law in the Age of Ebola

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2014.117 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 38-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Frederick M Burkle ◽

Christopher M Burkle

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

International Health ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Population Based ◽

World Health ◽

Economic Stability ◽

Budget Cuts ◽

The Public ◽

Level 3 ◽

Health Organization

AbstractLiberia, Sierra Leone, and Guinea lack the public health infrastructure, economic stability, and overall governance to stem the spread of Ebola. Even with robust outside assistance, the epidemiological data have not improved. Vital resource management is haphazard and left to the discretion of individual Ebola treatment units. Only recently has the International Health Regulations (IHR) and World Health Organization (WHO) declared Ebola a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, making this crisis their fifth ongoing level 3 emergency. In particular, the WHO has been severely compromised by post-2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) staffing, budget cuts, a weakened IHR treaty, and no unambiguous legal mandate. Population-based triage management under a central authority is indicated to control the transmission and ensure fair and decisive resource allocation across all triage categories. The shared responsibilities critical to global health solutions must be realized and the rightful attention, sustained resources, and properly placed legal authority be assured within the WHO, the IHR, and the vulnerable nations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6)

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Suicide prevention in low- and middle-income countries: part perceptions, partial solutions

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.bp.117.198150 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 211 (5) ◽

pp. 264-265 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. S. Jacob

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Suicide Prevention ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Population Based ◽

Personal Distress ◽

Public Health Perspective ◽

Middle Income ◽

Common Cause ◽

Middle Income Countries ◽

Low And Middle Income

SummarySuicide, a common cause of death in many low- and middle-income countries, has often been viewed through a medical/psychiatric lens. Such perspectives medicalise social and personal distress and suggest individual and medication-based treatments. This editorial argues for the need to examine suicide from a public health perspective and suggests the need for population-based social and economic interventions.

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Registry of Adolescent and Young Adult Twins in the Tokyo Area

Twin Research and Human Genetics ◽

10.1375/twin.9.6.811 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 811-816 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Chizuru Shikishima ◽

Juko Ando ◽

Yutaka Ono ◽

Tatsushi Toda ◽

Kimio Yoshimura

Keyword(s):

Behavior Genetics ◽

Human Genetics ◽

Population Based ◽

Adolescent And Young Adult ◽

Multiple Traits ◽

Psychological Traits ◽

Physical Measurements ◽

Wide Range ◽

Psychology Perspective ◽

Adult Twins

AbstractSince established in 1998, the Keio Twin Project (KTP) has been dedicated to investigating genetic and environmental sources contributing to human psychological traits in adolescence and young adulthood. A population-based twin registry was constructed by the KTP through the use of official residential records in the Tokyo area, and to date requests to participate in our research have generated 1040 pairs of twins and triplets of age 14 to 30, forming one of the largest twin registries in Asia. Our comprehensive datasets, obtained through questionnaires, performance tests, and physical measurements, cover a wide range of human traits: personality, psychiatry, mental health, sociality, cognition, and physical index. Demographic variables and environment of upbringing are also sought by twins and by some parents. This extensive information allows us to clarify the genetic and environmental overlap across multiple traits as well as specificities unique to single traits. Adding an evolutionary psychology perspective to the behavior genetics framework is currently being attempted in order to develop a grand theory of human genetics.

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Young adults understanding and readiness to engage with palliative care: extending the reach of palliative care through a public health approach: a qualitative study

BMC Palliative Care ◽

10.1186/s12904-021-00808-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anita Mallon ◽

Felicity Hasson ◽

Karen Casson ◽

Paul Slater ◽

Sonja McIlfatrick

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Palliative Care ◽

Young Adults ◽

Death And Dying ◽

Population Based ◽

Public Health Approach ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Comfort Care ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Framework Approach

Abstract Background Moving palliative care from a solely clinical focus to a more population based and community orientated approach is the hallmark of a much advocated public health approach to palliative care. Young adults are a vital cohort of the public, yet their understanding of palliative care has not been investigated. This study aimed to explore young adults’ understanding of palliative care and identify factors that influence their engagement. Methods A purposive sample of young adults (n = 24) aged 18–29 years were recruited from one UK University. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken face to face or via telephone or Skype between November 2017 and February 2018. Thematic analysis using a framework approach and underpinned by a socioecological perspective was used to analyse the interviews. Results Three thematic categories were identified relating to intrapersonal and interpersonal influences, cultural and social influences and organisational and public policy influences. Palliative care was understood as supportive comfort care, delivered in the absence of cure, associated with the end of life and specifically focused on death and dying. Negative attitudes related to the context of care, which represented a static and hopeless situation. Whilst some reported positive attitudes, potential engagement was seen to be governed by a lack of knowledge and protective cultural norms. In terms of demonstrating readiness to engage with palliative care, participants requested clear information and suggested a normalising of palliative care through the education system. Conclusion Young adults in this study were ready to find out more about palliative care and identified social media as a platform upon which to engage this population. However, their perception of a society that views palliative care as a subject for those directly affected, creates a barrier to engagement. This study identified the ingredients of a public health message and mediums for disseminating the message. However, findings also suggest that a cultural shift is required to recognise the potential of engaging young adults in health issues that cross the life span, empowering them not only as individuals but as vital members of community and society.

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