scholarly journals The multiple molecular dimensions of long noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression and tumorigenesis

2022 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Marcia
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Regulate Gene ◽  
Molecular Dimensions

scholarly journals An Evolutionary Perspective of Animal MicroRNAs and Their Targets

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noam Shomron ◽  
David Golan ◽  
Eran Hornstein
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Mrna Degradation ◽  
Evolutionary Perspective ◽  
Mirna Regulation ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Mirna Genes ◽  
Genomic Architecture ◽  
Regulate Gene

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression through translational inhibition or mRNA degradation by binding to sequences on the target mRNA. miRNA regulation appears to be the most abundant mode of posttranscriptional regulation affecting 50% of the transcriptome. miRNA genes are often clustered and/or located in introns, and each targets a variable and often large number of mRNAs. Here we discuss the genomic architecture of animal miRNA genes and their evolving interaction with their target mRNAs.

scholarly journals The role of circRNAs in cancers

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Ping Zhu ◽  
Yun-Jie He ◽  
Jun-Chen Hou ◽  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Si-Ying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Rna Binding Protein ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Therapeutic Evaluation ◽  
Regulate Gene

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recently regarded as a naturally forming family of widespread and diverse endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) that may regulate gene expression in mammals. At present, above 30000 circRNAs have already been found, with their unique structures to maintain stability more easily than linear RNAs. Several previous literatures stressed on the important role of circRNAs, whose expression was relatively correlated with patients’ clinical characteristics and grade, in the carcinogenesis of cancer. CircRNAs are involved in many regulatory bioprocesses of malignance, including cell cycle, tumorigenesis, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, vascularization, through adsorbing RNA as a sponge, binding to RNA-binding protein (RBP), modulating transcription, or influencing translation. Therefore, it is inevitable to further study the interactions between circRNAs and tumors and to develop novel circRNAs as molecular markers or potential targets, which will provide promising applications in early diagnosis, therapeutic evaluation, prognosis prediction of tumors and even gene therapy for tumors.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Regulatory Mechanisms Associated with Infertility

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheroy Minocherhomji ◽  
Prochi F. Madon ◽  
Firuza R. Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Human Condition ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Altered States ◽  
Epigenetic Alterations ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Regulate Gene

Infertility is a complex human condition and is known to be caused by numerous factors including genetic alterations and abnormalities. Increasing evidence from studies has associated perturbed epigenetic mechanisms with spermatogenesis and infertility. However, there has been no consensus on whether one or a collective of these altered states is responsible for the onset of infertility. Epigenetic alterations involve changes in factors that regulate gene expression without altering the physical sequence of DNA. Understanding these altered epigenetic states at the genomic level along with higher order organisation of chromatin in genes associated with infertility and pericentromeric regions of chromosomes, particularly 9 and Y, could further identify causes of idiopathic infertility. Determining the association between DNA methylation, chromatin state, and noncoding RNAs with the phenotype could further determine what possible mechanisms are involved. This paper reviews certain mechanisms of epigenetic regulation with particular emphasis on their possible role in infertility.

scholarly journals MicroRNAs in Development

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1828-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Maatouk ◽  
Brian D. Harfe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Vertebrate Species ◽  
Genetic Screens ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Transcripts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Forward Genetic Screens ◽  
Regulate Gene

Over 10 years ago, the lab of Victor Ambros cloned an unusual gene,lin-4, which encodes two small RNA transcripts[1]. In the past few years, hundreds more of these tiny transcripts, termed microRNAs (miRNAs), have been uncovered in over a dozen species. The functions of the first two miRNAs,lin-4andlet-7, were relatively easy to identify since they were found in forward genetic screens in Caenorhabditis elegans[1,2,3]. However, uncovering the functions of the growing list of miRNAs presents a challenge to developmental biologists. This review will describe our current understanding of how miRNAs regulate gene expression and will focus on the roles these noncoding RNAs play during the development of both invertebrate and vertebrate species.

scholarly journals 6mer seed toxicity in viral microRNAs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea E. Murmann ◽  
Elizabeth T. Bartom ◽  
Matthew J. Schipma ◽  
Jacob Vilker ◽  
Siquan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Seed Sequence ◽  
Cellular Mirnas ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Seed Position ◽  
Pathogenic Viruses ◽  
Sequence Position ◽  
Regulate Gene

SUMMARYMicro(mi)RNAs are short double stranded noncoding RNAs (19-23nts) that regulate gene expression by suppressing mRNAs through RNA interference. Targeting is determined by the seed sequence (position 2-7/8) of the mature miRNA. A minimal G-rich seed of just 6 nucleotides is highly toxic to cells by targeting genes essential for cell survival. A screen of 215 miRNAs encoded by 17 human pathogenic viruses (v-miRNAs) now suggests that a number of v-miRNAs can kill cells through a G-rich 6mer sequence embedded in their seed. Specifically, we demonstrate that miR-K12-6-5p, an oncoviral mimic of the tumor suppressive miR-15/16 family encoded by human Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus, harbors a noncanonical toxic 6mer seed (position 3-8) and that v-miRNAs are more likely than cellular miRNAs to utilize a noncanonical 6mer seed. Our data suggest that during evolution viruses evolved to use 6mer seed toxicity to kill cells.

scholarly journals miR in melanoma development: miRNAs and acquired hallmarks of cancer in melanoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (22) ◽  
pp. 1049-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige E. Bennett ◽  
Lynne Bemis ◽  
David A. Norris ◽  
Yiqun G. Shellman
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Cancer Model ◽  
Hallmarks Of Cancer ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Regulate Gene

Melanoma is a very aggressive skin cancer with increasing incidence worldwide. MicroRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression of targeted gene(s). The hallmark of cancer model outlined by Hanahan and Weinberg offers a meaningful framework to consider the roles of microRNAs in melanoma development and progression. In this systematic review of the literature, we associate what is known about deregulation of microRNAs and their targeted genes in melanoma development with the hallmarks and characteristics of cancer. The diagnostic and therapeutic potential of microRNAs for future melanoma management will also be discussed.

The physiological and pathophysiological roles of adipocyte miRNAs

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Ling ◽  
Xing Li ◽  
Chao Hua Yao ◽  
Bi Hu ◽  
Duanfang Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Insulin Production ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
And Function ◽  
Posttranscriptional Level ◽  
Regulate Gene

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are highly conserved, small, noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. Their actions affect numerous important biological processes, including adipocyte differentiation and function, sugar and lipid metabolism, and insulin production and secretion. Recent reports suggest miRNAs may also be involved in the pathogenic processes of obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. In this review, we summarize research progresses on adipocyte miRNAs and their physiological and pathological implications.

scholarly journals miR-145a-5p Promotes Myoblast Differentiation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Du ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Linyuan Shen ◽  
Huaigang Lei ◽  
Jia Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Myogenic Differentiation ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Myoblast Differentiation ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
C2c12 Myoblast ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Regulate Gene

MicroRNAs are a class of 18–22-nucleotide noncoding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression and have been shown to play an important role during myoblast differentiation. In this study, we found that the expression of miR-145a-5p was gradually increased during C2C12 myoblast differentiation, and miR-145a-5p inhibitors or mimics significantly suppressed or promoted the relative expression of specific myogenesis related marker genes. Moreover, overexpression or inhibition of miR-145a-5p enhanced or repressed the expression of some special genes involved in the endogenous Wnt signaling pathway during C2C12 myoblast differentiation, includingWnt5a,LRP5,Axin2, andβ-catenin. These results indicated that miR-145a-5p might be considered as a new myogenic differentiation-associated microRNA that can promote C2C12 myoblast differentiation by enhancing genes related to myoblasts differentiation.

scholarly journals Long noncoding RNAs in biology and hematopoiesis

Blood ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 121 (24) ◽  
pp. 4842-4846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram R. Paralkar ◽  
Mitchell J. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcriptome Sequencing ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Coding Potential

Abstract Genome and transcriptome sequencing have revealed a rich assortment of noncoding RNAs in eukaryote cells, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which regulate gene expression independent of protein coding potential. LncRNAs modulate protein coding gene expression in many cell types by regulating multiple processes, including epigenetic control of transcription, mRNA stability, and protein localization. Although little is known about lncRNAs in hematopoiesis, they are likely to exert widespread roles in this process.

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