Patterns and trends of pancreatic cancer mortality rates in Arkansas, 1969–2002: a comparison with the US population

ABSTRACT Background - Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancer worldwide, and variation in its mortality rates indicates the importance of environmental factors in its occurrence. While trend studies have indicated a reduction in colorectal cancer mortality rates in most developed countries, the same trends have not been observed in developing countries. Moreover, trends may differ when analyzed by age and sex. Objective - The present study aimed to analyze the trends in risk of colorectal cancer death in Brazil based on sex and age group. Methods - Death records were obtained from the Mortality Information System of the Ministry of Health. The risk of death and the average annual percent changes (AAPC) in the mortality rates were estimated using joinpoint analysis of long-term trends from 1980 to 2013. All of the statistical tests were two-sided and had a significance level of 5%. Results - Colorectal cancer mortality rates were found to have increased in the last 15 years for both sexes and for all age ranges. The rate ratio (RR) was statistically higher at ages 70 to 79 for men (RR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.26; 1.49) compared to women (RR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.06; 1.24). Increases in AAPC were observed in both sexes. Although men presented higher percent changes (AAPC: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1; 2.6) compared to women (AAPC: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.4; 2.0), this difference was not statistically significant. Growth trends in mortality rates occurred in all age groups except for in women over 70. Conclusion - Unlike Europe and the US, Brazil has shown increases in death rates due to colorectal cancer in the last three decades; however, more favorable trends were observed in women over 70 years old. The promotion of healthier lifestyles in addition to early diagnosis and improved treatment should guide the public health policies targeting reductions in colorectal cancer.

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A Comparative Study of Health Disparities in Cervical Cancer Mortality Rates Through Time Between Black and Caucasian Women in Alabama and the US

International Journal of Studies in Nursing ◽

10.20849/ijsn.v6i1.864 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Ehsan Abdalla ◽

Tsegaye Habtemariam ◽

Souleymane Fall ◽

Roberta Troy ◽

Berhanu Tameru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Healthy People ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Behavioral Risk ◽

The Us ◽

Cervical Cancer Mortality ◽

Healthy People 2020 ◽

Caucasian Women

Background: The main purpose of this study was to assess changes in cervical cancer mortality rates through time between Black and Caucasian women residing in Alabama and the US. Methods: Alabama cervical cancer mortality rates (MR), percentage differences, percentage changes and annual percentage changes for trends were compared with the US baseline and target rates. The US Baseline data and target objectives of utilization of cervical cancer screening and MR were obtained from Healthy People 2020. The cervical cancer behavioral risk factors and utilization of screening tests data were obtained from CDC’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). The cervical cancer MR data were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER). The analysis was done using SEER*Stat and Linear Trendlines analysis. Results: Although Blacks in Alabama had higher cervical cancer MR through times, a decreasing trend was noted for both races. However, in Alabama, there is no significant change in Blacks aged 65 years and older in cervical cancer MR, despite a high screening rate compared to Whites. In contrast, between 2002 and 2012, Whites in Alabama and the US made a significant progress toward the Healthy People 2020 goal. Conclusions: In Alabama, there exists cervical cancer MR disparity in Blacks despite the higher rates of screening for cervical cancer as would otherwise be expected. The state has not yet achieved the Healthy People 2020 goal. Public health officials should monitor progress toward reduction and/or elimination of these disparities by focusing in a follow up of screening.

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Gastrointestinal cancer mortality rate global trends over the last century.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2021.39.3_suppl.457 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 457-457

Author(s):

Ravina Sidhu ◽

Perneet Powar ◽

Ritu Priya Calla ◽

Dinesh Vyas

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Meat Consumption ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Meat Production ◽

Global Trends ◽

The Usa

457 Gastrointestinal Cancer Mortality Rate Global Trends Over the Last Century Background: Global gastroenterology cancer mortality trends have drastically changed over past decades due to alterations in risk factors such as diet, populations, exposures, and medical advancements. This study investigates specifically how meat consumption, the biggest evolving risk factor for GI cancer mortality, has influenced various gastrointestinal incidence rates globally. Although the correlation between meat consumption and cancer risk has been investigated, a global temporal study investigating the national mortality rates of gastrointestinal cancers relating to meat production remains unexplored. We researched causes for the trends between meat production and GI cancer mortality in the USA, Canada, Japan, France, and Singapore. Methods: Cancer mortality data was collected from the WHO Cancer Mortality Database, specifically the IARC database. Meat consumption data was unavailable between the 1960s-2010, so meat production data was used and obtained from the FAOSTAT. Results: The pancreatic cancer mortality rate increased in each country except Canada. This spike is due to increased meat consumption, obesity, lack of screening modalities, poor prognosis, and late diagnosis of the disease. Canada’s 1% drop in mortality rate can be attributed to a decreased smoking rate amongst men (62% to 16% from 1965-2017) as well as a decline in meat consumption. The mortality rates of gastric and colorectal cancer (CRC) have decreased despite a meat production increase. Decreased H. pylori prevalence (Europe: 48.8% to 39.8%, North America: 42.4% to 26.6%, and Western Asia: 53.6% to 54.3%) , better food preservation, and improvement in environmental conditions have lowered gastric cancer incidence. The CRC mortality rate in the USA, Canada, Japan, and France decreased mostly due to colonoscopy screening measures, better treatment, and decreased red meat consumption. In Singapore, increased obesity and high caloric diets account for an increased CRC mortality rate despite decreased meat production. This rate is exacerbated by lower screening rates due to decreased CRC risk awareness. Conclusions: Gastric and CRC mortality rates decreased despite increased meat production, while pancreatic cancer incidence rates have increased. These trends are further investigated and necessary to understand to lower the mortality rates of GI cancers on a global scale.

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Changes in cancer mortality rates after the adoption of the Affordable Care Act.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.2003 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 2003-2003

Author(s):

Anna Lee ◽

Kanan Shah ◽

Junzo P. Chino ◽

Fumiko Chino

Keyword(s):

Affordable Care Act ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Differential Mortality ◽

Medicaid Expansion ◽

Mortality Benefit ◽

Difference In Differences ◽

Black Patients ◽

The Us ◽

The Affordable Care Act

2003 Background: The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was designed to improve health status in the US primarily through improving access to health insurance. As adoption of Medicaid expansion varied at the state level, this study aims to compare cancer mortality rates over time between states who did (EXP) and did not adopt (NonEXP) Medicaid expansion. Methods: Age-adjusted mortality rates per 100,000 were gathered from the National Center for Health Statistics from 1999-2017 to establish trends. Only deaths due to cancer in patients less than 65 were included. Absolute change in cancer mortality was calculated from 2011-2013 and then from 2015-2017 with 2014 as washout year. Changes within subpopulations (gender, race, ethnicity) were also assessed. Mortality changes between EXP and NonEXP groups were via “difference in differences” analysis. Results: Overall age-adjusted cancer mortality in the US fell from 1999-2017 from 66.9 to 48.8 per 100,000. EXP states had higher population (157 vs 118 million) with less black/African Americans (19.2 vs 21.8 million) and more Hispanics (33.0 vs 21.7 million) than NonEXP states (all examples from 2017). The overall age-adjusted cancer mortality was consistently worse in NonEXP states, cancer mortality fell from 64.7 to 46.0 per 100,000 in EXP states and from 69.0 to 51.9 per 100,000 in NonEXP states from 1999-2017 (both trends p < 0.001, comparison p < 0.001). Comparing the mortality changes in the peri-ACA years (2011-2013 vs 2015-2017) between the 2 cohorts, the difference in differences between EXP and NonEXP states was -1.1 and -0.6 per 100,000 respectively (p = 0.006 EXP, p = 0.14 NonEXP). The estimated overall cancer mortality benefit gained in EXP states after Medicaid expansion (∆∆∆) is -0.5 per 100,000 (p = NS). In EXP states, this translates to an estimated 785 less cancer deaths in 2017. Age-adjusted cancer mortality per 100,000 was worse in NonEXP states for black patients (58.5 EXP vs 63.4 NonEXP in 2017) however there was no differential mortality benefit after ACA expansion when comparing between the peri-ACA years. Of the subpopulations assessed, Hispanics in EXP states had the highest differential cancer mortality benefit at -2.1 per 100,000 (p = 0.07). Conclusions: This is the first study to show a directly measured cancer survival benefit from the ACA on a national scale using a comprehensive database. Hispanic populations appear to have the highest differential cancer mortality benefit after Medicaid expansion. Further study is needed to elucidate why other populations like black patients did not appear to reap the same mortality decrease.

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Visualizing 50 Years of Cancer Mortality Rates Across the US at Multiple Geographic Levels Using a Synchronized Map and Graph Animation

Preventing Chronic Disease ◽

10.5888/pcd17.190286 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Isaac H. Michaels ◽

Sylvia J. Pirani ◽

Alvaro Carrascal

Keyword(s):

Cancer Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

The Us

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Disparities on Pancreatic Cancer Mortality Trends and Human Development Index (HDI) in Brazil

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1175223/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Diego Rodrigues Mendonça e Silva ◽

Max Moura Oliveira ◽

Gisele Aparecida Fernandes ◽

Maria Paula Curado

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Human Development ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Upward Trend ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Development Index ◽

Very High

Abstract Pancreatic cancer mortality is greatest in countries with a high and very high Human Development Index (HDI). The aim was to evaluate the pancreatic cancer mortality rates and trends related to HDI in Brazil by state. An ecological study was conducted on pancreatic cancer mortality in Brazilian states between 1979 and 2019. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and Annual Average Percent Change (AAPC) were calculated. Pearson´s correlation test was applied to compare rates over the 3 decades from 1986-2015 to verify correlation between change in HDI from 1991 to 2010. A total of 209,425 deaths from pancreatic cancer were reported in Brazil from 1979 to 2019. In men, ASMRs ranged from 2.9/100,000 in 1979 to 6.1/100,000 in 2019, with AAPC of 1.5% per year, and in women, ASMR ranged from 2.1/100,000 in 1979 to 4.7/100,000 in 2019, with AAPC of 1.9% per year. Mortality rates and trends increase with higher % of HDI improvement with a correlation between ASMRs and HDI above r>0.80. The mortality trends in pancreatic cancer were uneven increase in Brazil, there was an upward trend in mortality in both genders, but higher among women. Pancreatic cancer mortality trends were higher in those states where there was greatest increase in HDI, regions as North and Northeast. However, mortality rates remain higher in South, Southeast and Central-West of Brazil.

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Lung cancer mortality in Europe and the United States between 2000 and 2017: an observational analysis

ERJ Open Research ◽

10.1183/23120541.00311-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 00311-2021

Author(s):

Chinmay Jani ◽

Dominic C Marshall ◽

Harpreet Singh ◽

Richard Goodall ◽

Joseph Shalhoub ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Lung Cancer Mortality ◽

The United States ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

World Health ◽

Female Mortality ◽

The Us ◽

Male To Female

BackgroundThe lung is the most common site for cancer and has the highest worldwide cancer-related mortality. Our study reports and compares trends in lung cancer mortality in the United States (US) and 26 European countries.Study design and methodsLung cancer mortality data were extracted for males and females for each of the years 2000–2017 from the World Health Organization (WHO) Mortality and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) WONDER databases. Lung cancer mortality trends were compared using Joinpoint regression analysis, and male-to-female mortality ratios were calculated.ResultsDown-trending lung cancer mortality rates were observed in males in all countries except Cyprus and Portugal between 2000 and 2017. In females, increasing mortality rates were observed in 22 of the 27 countries analyzed. Latvia had the highest estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in male mortality (−9.6%) between 2013–2015. In the US, EAPCs were −5.1% for males and −4.2% for females between 2014–2017. All countries had an overall decrease in the ratio of male-to-female lung cancer mortality. The most recent observation of median male-to-female mortality was 2.26 (IQR 1.92–4.05). The countries with the greatest current sex disparity in lung cancer mortality were Lithuania (5.51) and Latvia (5.00).ConclusionBetween 2000 and 2017, lung cancer mortality rates were decreasing for males in Europe and the US, whereas increasing lung cancer mortality rates were generally observed in females. There is a persistent but decreasing sex-mortality gap, with men having persistently greater lung cancer mortality but with rates decreasing faster than women.

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Gender disparities in anal cancer incidence and mortality: A long-term US population-based analysis.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e16059 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. e16059-e16059

Author(s):

Firas Baidoun ◽

Anas M Saad ◽

Mohamed Gad ◽

Mohammad Maysara Asfari ◽

Muhammad Talal Sarmini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anal Cancer ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Cancer Mortality ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Mortality Trend ◽

Annual Percent Change ◽

Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

The Us ◽

Males And Females

e16059 Background: Anal cancer is an uncommon malignancy accounting for less than 3% of gastrointestinal malignancies in the US. In this large database study, we aimed to re-evaluate the difference in the incidence and mortality trend in both genders. Methods: We used SEER 18 database to study anal cancer cases in the US during 2000-2016. Incidence and mortality rates of anal cancer were calculated by gender and were expressed by 1,000,000 person-years. Annual percent change (APC) was calculated using join point regression software. Results: We reviewed 25,418 patients with anal cancer, of which 61.4% were females. Incidence of anal cancers was 14.375 and 19.427 per 1,000,000 person-years, in males and females, respectively. Incidence rates of anal cancer significantly increased over the study period, but this increase was sharper in females (APC = 2.220%, 95%CI [1.924-2.517], P < .001) when compared to males (APC = 0.915%, 95%CI [0.303-1.531], P = .006). Mortality rates from anal cancer over the study period were 7.425 and 7.532 per 1,000,000 person-years, in males and females, respectively. Overall anal cancer mortality rates did not change between 2000-2009 but started to decrease starting from 2010 and this decrease became sharpest between 2014-2016; APC = -44.905%, 95%CI [-57.572- -28.457], P = .001). Mortality rates followed the same trend in both genders. Conclusions: Anal cancer incidence is increasing with significant increase in the incidence trend is noticed in females compared to males which is a change from the previous trend that was seen from 1973-2000. On the other hand, anal cancer mortality has started to decrease for the first time starting from 2010 with no difference in the mortality trend between males and females. This improvement in mortality rate can be explained by the improvement in early detection rate and possibly improvement in the treatment approach for these high-risk patients.

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