scholarly journals Clinical and public policy interventions to address food insecurity among children

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelise Brochier ◽  
Arvin Garg ◽  
Alon Peltz
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Policy Interventions

scholarly journals Evidence for Designing Public Policies Aimed at Reducing Food Waste and Food Insecurity in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1727-1727
Author(s):  
Verónica Mundo-Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
National Production ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Food Residues

Abstract Objectives To analyze the magnitude and distribution of food waste and insecurity in Mexico as a first step in designing public policies to counteract these problems. Methods Based on methodology proposed by Subirats et al. (2008), we analyzed the magnitude and distribution of food waste and insecurity in Mexico. Using scientific evidence and official data, we responded to the following guiding questions: What is the problem? What is the magnitude of the problem? Who are the population groups most affected by the problem and where do they reside? To what extent does coverage under current public policies address these problems? Results Problem: By 2050, the Mexican population will have grown by 22.9 million with respect to 2015. The country's capacity to produce the amount of food required in the future will depend largely on what proportion of the population has the necessary financial resources to acquire the food it needs, and whether food is equitably distributed. Magnitude of the problem: Mexico loses and wastes approximately 34% of the national production of items in the basic food basket while 26.4 million Mexicans lack sufficient income to acquire the quantity and quality of food they need. Those affected the most: From an environmental viewpoint, the larger cities in Mexico constitute the principal production centers of food waste, among other residues. This causes air, land and water pollution at the regional level, as well as serious health problems in the population. From an ethical and nutritional perspective, food waste indirectly affects those experiencing food insecurity. Location of the affected population: In 2012, central Mexico was the largest generator of urban solid waste including organic and, specifically, food residues. Conversely, southern Mexico was the region most affected by food insecurity. Public policy coverage: Despite the magnitude of the problem, several Mexican states have no public policy in place to combat food waste or insecurity. Conclusions The evidence provided by our study contributes to decision making in the formulation of public policies aimed at reducing food loss and waste as well as food insecurity. It also serves to monitor progress towards the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Funding Sources None.

scholarly journals Predictors of Perceived Salt Intake and Actual Salt Intake in Romania. Implications for public policy

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3622-3626
Author(s):  
Corina Ilinca ◽  
Marian Preda ◽  
Stefania Matei ◽  
Stephen J. Cutler ◽  
Oana Tautu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Active Lifestyle ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Major Discrepancy ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
And Gender

Salt intake is one of the important predictors of hypertension, a widespread chronic disease among adults. Much remains to be known about its causes, especially in the Romanian context, where there is a scarcity of analyses on this particular topic. Its predictors are relevant for public policy in order to evaluate what strategy should be adopted given actual levels of salt intake and the way people think about their levels of salt intake. Our analyses focus on actual and perceived salt intake. Data for this analysis come from the SEPHAR project, gathered in 2016 (wave 3), a nationally representative sample of Romanians. After noting a major discrepancy between perceived and actual levels of salt intake, we used two regressions with actual and perceived salt intake as dependent variables and three types of factors as independent variables: socio-demographic (age, gender, region, type of locality, education), lifestyle (fat diet, alcohol consumption, active lifestyle, and smoking) and related diseases (obesity and diabetes). Results show Romanians have similar levels of salt intake perceptions independently of the characteristics considered, except fat diet and diabetes, and similar levels of actual salt intake except age and gender, even though previous research shows that there are differences between individuals across these characteristics when it comes to considering hypertension as a dependent variable. We conclude by noting policy interventions regarding salt intake based on the results of this research, especially the need to update the current Romanian TV campaign to reduce salt intake or similar campaigns from other countries.

scholarly journals El trabajo en la pepena informal en México: nuevas realidades, nuevas desigualdades / Informal Scavenging in Mexico: New realities, New Inequalities

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Juan Cervantes Niño ◽  
Lylia Palacios Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
National Study ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
New Inequalities

Generalmente se afirma que las actividades de la pepena informal son algunas de las peores formas de empleo en México. Sin embargo, con base en la información de un estudio nacional y mediante una metodología de evaluación rápida, en este texto se destaca que muchas de las características típicas de dichas actividades han mutado y que en la actualidad se pueden encontrar nuevas realidades de esas ocupaciones, las cuales conllevan diferentes desigualdades, pero pueden inducir a una mejor formulación de intervenciones de política pública. AbstractInformal scavenging in Mexico is generally held to be the worst form of employment. However, on the basis of information from a national study and a quick evaluation methodology, this text shows that many of the typical characteristics of these activities have changed and that nowadays, these occupations have new realities, which lead to different realities yet which can lead to a better formulation of public policy interventions.

Firearm Instrumentality: Do Guns Make Violent Situations More Lethal?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony A. Braga ◽  
Elizabeth Griffiths ◽  
Keller Sheppard ◽  
Stephen Douglas
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
Gun Violence ◽  
Gun Control ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Firearm Availability ◽  
Do So

One of the central debates animating the interpretation of gun research for public policy is the question of whether the presence of firearms independently makes violent situations more lethal, known as an instrumentality effect, or whether determined offenders will simply substitute other weapons to affect fatalities in the absence of guns. The latter position assumes sufficient intentionality among homicide assailants to kill their victims, irrespective of the tools available to do so. Studies on the lethality of guns, the likelihood of injury by weapon type, offender intent, and firearm availability provide considerable evidence that guns contribute to fatalities that would otherwise have been nonfatal assaults. The increasing lethality of guns, based on size and technology, and identifiable gaps in existing gun control policies mean that new and innovative policy interventions are required to reduce firearm fatalities and to alleviate the substantial economic and social costs associated with gun violence. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Criminology, Volume 4 is January 13, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

What is to be done about capability-promoting policies?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Uwe Otto ◽  
Melanie Walker ◽  
Holger Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Capabilities Approach ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Critical Social Science

This book has examined how the capability approach provides a politically normative metric for the critical analysis of policies and public policy structures, as well as policy interventions driven by human development or human security concerns. It has demonstrated that existing social structures and institutions play a key role in the realisation of capabilities or the feasibility of human flourishing. This chapter summarises the book's main arguments and considers new principles and aspirations towards capability-promoting policy. It argues that an alliance with the tradition of critical social science may ‘secure’ the capabilities approach, with its analytic focus on real-world conditions and requirements for renegotiating social justice and creating more capabilities-promoting policies, and vice versa. Capability-promoting policies include emancipatory and democratic strategies that transform unjust structures in order to enhance the agency of individual subjects in terms of human flourishing.

scholarly journals DOES BREASTFEEDING DURATION INFLUENCE FAMILY FOOD INSECURITY?

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. e6-e6
Author(s):  
Peter Wong ◽  
Rosemary Moodie ◽  
David Dai ◽  
Jonathon Maguire ◽  
Catherine Birken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Low Income Families

Abstract BACKGROUND Across all demographics, families without consistent access to adequate food place children at health risk. Consequences may persist beyond early life into adulthood. Public policy positions breastfeeding, the ideal nutrition for infants, as an important solution to reducing family food insecurity (FFI). However, few studies have investigated the association between breastfeeding duration and FFI. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association between total breastfeeding duration and FFI in Canadian urban children. DESIGN/METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted of children aged 0–2 years, from a practice-based child research network. Total breastfeeding duration was collected from parent-reported questionnaires. FFI was measured using 2-item food insecurity and validated 1-item NutriSTEP screens. Multivariable regression analysis was performed adjusting for pre-specified covariates. RESULTS Among 3838 children, the mean total breastfeeding duration was 10.6 months (SD=6.7). Families with food insecurity (14.7%) had increased odds of younger mothers, more males and older and more children. In adjusted model, breastfeeding duration was not associated with FFI (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.98, 1.01). Low-income families were 9 times more likely to be family food insecure than high-income families (p=0.00). CONCLUSION Contrary to public policy, our study found no association between breastfeeding and family food insecurity (FFI). However, other factors may predominate, in particular family income and structure. Given the detrimental impact of FFI, further research is needed to understand the role of infant feeding practices within the larger political, policy and cultural framework.

scholarly journals Evidence-based policies, nudge theory and Nancy Cartwright: a search for causal principles

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
ALEJANDRO HORTAL
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Nancy Cartwright ◽  
Instrumental View

Abstract Nancy Cartwright argues that evidence-based policies should not only rely on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to test their effectiveness – they should also use horizontal and vertical searches to find support factors and causal principles that help define how those policies work. This paper aims at analyzing Cartwright's epistemology regarding evidence-based policies and their use of RCTs while applying her findings to current research involving nudges as behavioral public policy interventions. Holding a narrowly instrumental view of rationality, nudge theory tends to neglect other expressive components. Policymakers, in their quest for causal principles, should consider the expressive rationality of individuals in their research. This inclusion would not only increase the effectiveness of nudges, but also address some ethical issues related to people's autonomy when targeted by these interventions.

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