More Than 9-Times Increased Risk for Pancreatic Cancer Among Patients With Acute Pancreatitis in Chinese Population

ObjectiveThere is emerging evidence that the pancreas may be a target organ of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This aim of this study was to investigate the outcome of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and coexistent SARS-CoV-2 infection.DesignA prospective international multicentre cohort study including consecutive patients admitted with AP during the current pandemic was undertaken. Primary outcome measure was severity of AP. Secondary outcome measures were aetiology of AP, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of hospital stay, local complications, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), persistent organ failure and 30-day mortality. Multilevel logistic regression was used to compare the two groups.Results1777 patients with AP were included during the study period from 1 March to 23 July 2020. 149 patients (8.3%) had concomitant SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were older male patients and more likely to develop severe AP and ARDS (p<0.001). Unadjusted analysis showed that SARS-CoV-2-positive patients with AP were more likely to require ICU admission (OR 5.21, p<0.001), local complications (OR 2.91, p<0.001), persistent organ failure (OR 7.32, p<0.001), prolonged hospital stay (OR 1.89, p<0.001) and a higher 30-day mortality (OR 6.56, p<0.001). Adjusted analysis showed length of stay (OR 1.32, p<0.001), persistent organ failure (OR 2.77, p<0.003) and 30-day mortality (OR 2.41, p<0.04) were significantly higher in SARS-CoV-2 co-infection.ConclusionPatients with AP and coexistent SARS-CoV-2 infection are at increased risk of severe AP, worse clinical outcomes, prolonged length of hospital stay and high 30-day mortality.

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Microbial Associations with Pancreatic Cancer: A New Frontier in Biomarkers

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13153784 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 3784

Author(s):

Mark Stasiewicz ◽

Marek Kwaśniewski ◽

Tomasz M. Karpiński

Keyword(s):

Pancreatic Cancer ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Health Concern ◽

Current State ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Microbial Biomarkers ◽

New Frontier ◽

Microbial Associations ◽

Fungal Genus

Pancreatic cancer (PC) remains a global health concern with high mortality and is expected to increase as a proportion of overall cancer cases in the coming years. Most patients are diagnosed at a late stage of disease progression, which contributes to the extremely low 5-year survival rates. Presently, screening for PC remains costly and time consuming, precluding the use of widespread testing. Biomarkers have been explored as an option by which to ameliorate this situation. The authors conducted a search of available literature on PubMed to present the current state of understanding as it pertains to the use of microbial biomarkers and their associations with PC. Carriage of certain bacteria in the oral cavity (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus sp.), gut (e.g., Helicobacter pylori, Synergistetes, Proteobacteria), and pancreas (e.g., Fusobacterium sp., Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae) has been associated with an increased risk of developing PC. Additionally, the fungal genus Malassezia has likewise been associated with PC development. This review further outlines potential oncogenic mechanisms involved in the microbial-associated development of PC.

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PARP1 rs1136410 Val762Ala contributes to an increased risk of overall cancer in the East Asian population: a meta-analysis

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060521992956 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 030006052199295

Author(s):

Yijuan Xin ◽

Liu Yang ◽

Mingquan Su ◽

Xiaoli Cheng ◽

Lin Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Risk ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Asian Population ◽

Cancer Type ◽

East Asians ◽

Asian Populations ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Meta Analyses

Objectives To investigate the association between poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 ( PARP1) rs1136410 Val762Ala and cancer risk in Asian populations, as published findings remain controversial. Methods The PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched, and references of identified studies and reviews were screened, to find relevant studies. Meta-analyses were performed to evaluate the association between PARP1 rs1136410 Val762Ala and cancer risk, reported as odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 24 studies with 8 926 cases and 15 295 controls were included. Overall, a significant association was found between PARP1 rs1136410 Val762Ala and cancer risk in East Asians (homozygous: OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06, 1.35; heterozygous: OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04, 1.17; recessive: OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02, 1.25; dominant: OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06, 1.19; and allele comparison: OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.03, 1.15). Stratification analyses by race and cancer type revealed similar results for gastric cancer among the Chinese population. Conclusion The findings suggest that PARP1 rs1136410 Val762Ala may be significantly associated with an increased cancer risk in Asians, particularly the Chinese population.

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Role of CASP7 polymorphisms in noise-induced hearing loss risk in Han Chinese population

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-81391-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yanmei Ruan ◽

Jinwei Zhang ◽

Shiqi Mai ◽

Wenfeng Zeng ◽

Lili Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Conditional Logistic Regression ◽

Han Chinese ◽

Control Group ◽

Environment Interaction ◽

Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽

Han Chinese Population ◽

Hearing Thresholds ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractGenetic factors and gene-environment interaction may play an important role in the development of noise induced hearing loss (NIHL). 191 cases and 191 controls were selected by case–control study. Among them, case groups were screened from workers exposed to noise in binaural high-frequency hearing thresholds greater than 25 dB (A). Workers with hearing thresholds ≤ 25 dB (A) in any binaural frequency band were selected to the control group, based on matching factors such as age, exposure time to noise, and operating position. The blood samples from two groups of workers were subjected to DNA extraction and SNP sequencing of CASP3 and CASP7 genes using the polymerase chain reaction ligase detection reaction method. Conditional logistic regression correction was used to analyze the genetic variation associated with susceptibility to NIHL. There was an association between rs2227310 and rs4353229 of the CASP7 gene and the risk of NIHL. Compared with the GG genotype, the CC genotype of rs2227310 reduced the risk of NIHL. Compared with CC genotype, the TT genotype of rs4353229 reduced the risk of NIHL. Workers carrying the rs2227310GG and rs4353229CC genotype had an increased risk of NIHL compared to workers without any high-risk genotype. There were additive interaction and multiplication interaction between CASP7rs2227310 and CNE, and the same interaction between CASP7rs4353229 and CNE. The interaction between the CASP7 gene and CNE significantly increased the risk of NIHL. The genetic polymorphisms of CASP7rs2227310GG and CASP7rs4353229CC were associated with an increased risk of NIHL in Han Chinese population and have the potential to act as biomarkers for noise-exposed workers.

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Glutathione S-transferase Omega 2 DD genotype is associated with an increased risk of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in Chinese men

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/03000605211033219 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 49 (7) ◽

pp. 030006052110332

Author(s):

Zhiliang Fan ◽

Hong Jiang ◽

Xueqin Song ◽

Yansu Guo ◽

Xinying Tian

Keyword(s):

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽

Healthy Subjects ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Sporadic Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽

Glutathione S Transferase ◽

Genotype Frequencies ◽

Sporadic Als ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Lateral Sclerosis

Objective To investigate whether GSTA1, GSTO2, and GSTZ1 are relevant to an increased risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a Chinese population. Methods In this study, 143 sporadic ALS (sALS) patients (83 men, 60 women) and 210 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture. Genomic DNA was isolated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The potential associations between ALS and GSTA1, GSTO2, and GSTZ1 polymorphisms were estimated using chi-squared analysis and unconditional logistic regression. Results The D allele and genotype frequencies of GSTO2 were increased in sALS patients compared with healthy subjects, indicating that the GSTO2 DD genotype was associated with an increased risk of sALS (odds ratio [OR] = 3.294, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.039–10.448). However, a significant association between the DD genotype and the risk of sALS was evident in men only (OR = 7.167, 95% CI = 1.381–37.202). Conclusion This study revealed that the D allele and genotype frequencies of GSTO2 were increased in sALS patients. The GSTO2 DD genotype was associated with an increased risk of sALS in men in a Chinese population.

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The association between serum selenium concentration and prognosis in patients with heart failure in a Chinese population

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-93873-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhiliang Zhang ◽

Chao Chang ◽

Yuxin Zhang ◽

Zhiyong Chai ◽

Jinbei Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Selenium Concentration ◽

Chinese Patients ◽

Serum Selenium ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Patients With Heart Failure ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Serum Selenium Concentration ◽

Baseline Information

AbstractWhether Selenium (Se) deficiency relates with adverse prognosis in Chinese patients with heart failure (HF) is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association of serum Se level and the outcomes of patients with HF in a Chinese population. Patients with HF and serum Se examination were retrospectively included. Baseline information were collected at patient’s first admission. The primary and secondary outcomes were all-cause mortality and rehospitalization for HF during follow-up, respectively. The study participants were divided into quartiles according to their serum Se concentrations. The Cox proportional hazard models were adopted to estimate the association of serum Se levels with observed outcomes. A total of 411 patients with HF with a mean age of 62.5 years were included. The mean serum level of Se was 68.3 ± 27.7 µg/L. There was nonsignificant difference of baseline characterizes between the four quartile groups. In comparison with patients in the highest quartile, those with the lowest quartile (17.40–44.35 µg/L) were associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) 2.32 (1.43–3.77); Ptrend = 0.001]. Our study suggested that a lower serum Se level was significantly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with HF.

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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver in Patients with Chylomicronemia

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10040669 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 669

Author(s):

Mélanie Maltais ◽

Diane Brisson ◽

Daniel Gaudet

Keyword(s):

Acute Pancreatitis ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Transient Elastography ◽

Very Low Density Lipoproteins ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Main Driver ◽

Liver Ultrasonography

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is frequent in patients with features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS), obesity, or type 2 diabetes. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the main driver of triglyceride (TG) hydrolysis in chylomicrons and very-low density lipoproteins (VLDL). In some patients with MetS, dysfunction of this pathway can lead to plasma TG values > 10 mmol/L (multifactorial chylomicronemia or MCS). Chylomicronemia also characterizes LPL deficiency (LPLD), a rare autosomal recessive disease called familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS), which is associated with an increased risk of recurrent pancreatitis. This study aims to investigate the expression of NAFLD, as assessed by transient elastography, in MCS and FCS subjects. Data were obtained from 38 subjects with chylomicronemia; 19 genetically confirmed FCS and 19 sex- and age-matched MCS. All participants underwent liver ultrasonography and stiffness measurement after a 4-h fast using transient elastography (FibroScan®, Echosens, Waltham, MA, USA). NAFLD (controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) > 280 dB/m) was observed in 42.1% of FCS and 73.7% of MCS subjects (p = 0.05). FCS subjects had lower body mass index (BMI) than MCS. Only 25% of FCS subjects with NAFLD had a BMI ≥ 30 compared to 64.3% in MCS (p = 0.004). In FCS, NAFLD occurred even in the presence of very low (≤18 kg/m2) BMI. In both FCS and MCS, CAP was negatively associated with acute pancreatitis risk. In this study, NAFLD was commonly observed in both FCS and MCS subjects and occurred independently of the BMI and fasting glucose values in FCS; NAFLD was associated with a lower occurrence of acute pancreatitis episodes.

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