Freshwater snail feeding: lubrication-based particle collection on the water surface

The means by which aquatic animals such as freshwater snails collect food particles distributed on the water surface are of great interest for understanding life at the air–water interface. The apple snail Pomacea canaliculata stabilizes itself just below the air–water interface and manipulates its foot such that it forms a cone-shaped funnel into which an inhalant current is generated, thereby drawing food particles into the funnel to be ingested. We measured the velocity of this feeding current and tracked the trajectories of food particles around and on the snail. Our experiments indicated that the particles were collected via the free surface flow generated by the snail’s undulating foot. The findings were interpreted using a simple model based on lubrication theory, which considered several plausible mechanisms depending on the relative importance of hydrostatic pressure, capillary action and rhythmic surface undulation.

Download Full-text

Propagation of an Air-Water Interface from Pressurized to Free-Surface Flow in a Circular Pipe

Journal of Hydraulic Engineering ◽

10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001200 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 142 (12) ◽

pp. 04016055 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Hamid Bashiri-Atrabi ◽

Takashi Hosoda ◽

Hidekazu Shirai

Keyword(s):

Free Surface ◽

Free Surface Flow ◽

Surface Flow ◽

Circular Pipe ◽

Water Interface ◽

Air Water Interface

Download Full-text

Comparison of Invasive Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata) Behaviors in Different Water Temperature Gradients

Water ◽

10.3390/w13091149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1149

Author(s):

Mi-Jung Bae ◽

Eui-Jin Kim ◽

Young-Seuk Park

Keyword(s):

Water Temperature ◽

Farming Systems ◽

Freshwater Snail ◽

Freshwater Ecosystems ◽

Pomacea Canaliculata ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Self Organizing Map ◽

Apple Snail ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Organic Farming Systems

Pomacea canaliculata (known as invasive apple snail) is a freshwater snail native to South America that was introduced into many countries (including Asia and North America) as a food source or for organic farming systems. However, it has invaded freshwater ecosystems and become a serious agricultural pest in paddy fields. Water temperature is an important factor determining behavior and successful establishment in new areas. We examined the behavioral responses of P. canaliculata with water temperature changes from 25 °C to 30 °C, 20 °C, and 15 °C by quantifying changes in nine behaviors. At the acclimated temperature (25 °C), the mobility of P. canaliculata was low during the day, but high at night. Clinging behavior increased as the water temperature decreased from 25 °C to 20 °C or 15 °C. Conversely, ventilation and food consumption increased when the water temperature increased from 25 °C to 30 °C. A self-organizing map (an unsupervised artificial neural network) was used to classify the behavioral patterns into seven clusters at different water temperatures. These results suggest that the activity levels or certain behaviors of P. canaliculata vary with the water temperature conditions. Understanding the thermal biology of P. canaliculata may be crucial for managing this invasive snail.

Download Full-text

Pomacea maculata.

10.1079/cpc.116486.20210102246 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Rob Cowie ◽

Romi L. Burks ◽

Amy E. Miller ◽

Alexandria L. Hill

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

South America ◽

Species Identification ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Freshwater Snail ◽

Pomacea Canaliculata ◽

Apple Snail ◽

Pomacea Maculata ◽

Golden Apple Snail ◽

History Of

Abstract P. maculata is a freshwater snail native to a wide geographical area in South America from the Rio de la Plata in Argentina and Uruguay to the Amazon in Brazil. It is commonly confused with any number of similar large apple snails, including the well-known invasive golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata (listed among '100 of the world's worst invasive species'). Both species have been introduced to South-East and East Asia, although for many years they were not distinguished and the Asian introductions were widely identified as "golden apple snails" and the name P. canaliculata was applied to them. Due to the confusion in species identification, the history of introduction of P. maculata remains somewhat uncertain as does its invasiveness and pest potential. Much of the literature is confounded, for example, the snails illustrated by Cowie (2002) as P. canaliculata are in fact P. maculata. The majority of invasive populations in Asia appear to be P. canaliculata, often not mixed with P. maculata (Hayes et al., 2008; Tran et al., 2008) and the pest potential of P. canaliculata in such cases is clear. However, much less has been written about the invasiveness and pest potential of 'P. maculata'.

Download Full-text

Unified Molecular View of the Air/Water Interface Based on Experimental and Theoretical χ(2)Spectra of an Isotopically Diluted Water Surface

Journal of the American Chemical Society ◽

10.1021/ja2053754 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 133 (42) ◽

pp. 16875-16880 ◽

Cited By ~ 198

Author(s):

Satoshi Nihonyanagi ◽

Tatsuya Ishiyama ◽

Touk-kwan Lee ◽

Shoichi Yamaguchi ◽

Mischa Bonn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Surface ◽

Water Interface ◽

Air Water Interface

Download Full-text

Calcite lilypads and ledges at Lorusio Hot Springs, Kenya Rift Valley: travertine precipitation at the air-water interface

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e99-061 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 649-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Robin W Renaut ◽

Brian Jones ◽

Caroline Le Turdu

Keyword(s):

Water Surface ◽

Microbial Mats ◽

Hot Springs ◽

Water Interface ◽

Kenya Rift ◽

Similar Morphology ◽

Northern Kenya ◽

Air Water Interface ◽

Capillary Evaporation ◽

Outflow Channel

Travertine forming at Lorusio Hot Springs in the northern Kenya Rift is constructed mainly by lilypads and ledges. The lilypads are flat, accretionary structures rooted to the substrate that are composed mostly of platy calcite crystals. They grow outward from a nucleus, subparallel to the water surface, at or just below the air-water interface. Precipitation results from rapid degassing of CO2. Ledges, which have a similar morphology and internal structure, are attached to the margin of a spring pool or outflow channel. As they grow laterally, lilypads and ledges may coalesce with their neighbours to produce thin (1-3 cm) beds of travertine, examples of which are exposed in subfossil deposits at the site. Once established, lilypads and ledges modify the outflow and can act as substrates for precipitation of other minerals and colonization by microbes on their cooler subaerial surfaces. Pore fluids are drawn upward through the lilypads by capillary evaporation. Amorphous silica then precipitates as surficial crusts upon microbial mats or forms spicular microstromatolites, some of which also contain calcite laminae. Efflorescent Na-CO3 salts commonly encrust the drier central platforms of the exposed lilypad. The unusual abundance of lilypads and ledges at Lorusio reflects (i) the low-relief setting and the hydrostatic head, which limit terrace development, and (ii) the high temperature (>75°C) of the waters, which inhibits colonization by microbial mats at crystal growth sites. Similar structures form in cave pools, evaporating brines, and freezing water at sites where precipitation is induced by several processes active at the air-water interface.

Download Full-text

SPH Open Boundary Simulation of Free-Surface Flow Over Ogee-crested Spillway

Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences ◽

10.25130/tjes.28.2.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 137-151

Author(s):

Rizgar Karim ◽

Jowhar Mohammad

Keyword(s):

Free Surface ◽

Open Source ◽

Water Surface ◽

Surface Profile ◽

Free Surface Flow ◽

The United States ◽

Surface Flow ◽

Absolute Difference ◽

Open Boundary ◽

Water Surface Profile

This study was conducted to compare water surface profiles with standard ogeecrested spillways. Different methods were used, such as (experimental models, numerical models, and design nomographs for the United States Army Corps of Engineers, USACE). In accordance with the USACE specifications, three different models were constructed from rigid foam and then installed in a testing flume. The water surface profile has been recorded for these models with different design heads. For modeling the experimental model configurations, a numerical model based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) technique was used and is developed to simulate the water surface profile of the flow over the ogee-crested spillway. A 2D SPHysics open-source software has been used in this study, using the SPH formulation to model fluid flow, developing the SPH boundary procedure to handle open-boundary simulations, and modifying the open-source SPHysics code for this purpose. The maximum absolute difference between the measured and computed results of the water surface profile for all head ratios of (H/Hd), does not exceed 4.63% at the crest region, the numerical results for the water surface profile showed good agreement with the physical model results. The results obtained experimentally and numerically by SPH are compared with the CFD results in order to be more reassuring from the results. Additional comparisons were made using interpolated data from USACE, Waterways Experiment Station (WES), and design nomographs. The SPH technique is considered very promising and effective for free surface flow applications.

Download Full-text

MOLLUSCICIDAL ACTIVITY OF ZINGIBER OFFICINALE AND CARICA PAPAYA ON THE EGG HATCHABILITY OF THE GOLDEN APPLE SNAIL, POMACEA CANALICULATA (GASTROPODA: AMPULIRIIDAE)

Malaysian Journal of Science ◽

10.22452/mjs.vol40no2.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 40-50

Author(s):

Hasnun Nita Ismail ◽

Nadia Nisha Musa

Keyword(s):

Carica Papaya ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Zingiber Officinale ◽

Freshwater Snail ◽

Pomacea Canaliculata ◽

Apple Snail ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Egg Hatchability ◽

Golden Apple Snail ◽

Molluscicidal Activity

The study was conducted to assess the effect of Zingiber officinale and Carica papaya extract on the egg hatchability of the golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata. This is a freshwater snail that is considered a pest in agriculture as well as natural ecosystems. In combating the population of the aforementioned pest, this study evaluates the use of plant extracts such as biomolluscicides to control the production of new hatchlings from the clusters of eggs. The egg clusters were exposed to different concentrations of Z. officinale ethanolic extract and C. papaya methanolic extracts (25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm) using the direct single spraying method. Observation was made for a maximum of 30 days. The time taken for the eggs to hatch and the number of eggs successfully hatched were measured to reflect the potential of both extracts in affecting egg hatchability. The finding shows that the eggs hatch later when exposed to increasing concentrations (25 to 100 ppm) of Z. officinale extract. The number of eggs successfully hatched was significantly decreased from 86% to 9% after exposure to 25 ppm and above. Meanwhile, the extract of C. papaya did not show any significant effect on both parameters for egg hatchability of P. canaliculata, regardless of the increase in concentration from 25 to 100 ppm. Our findings reveal that the extract of Z. officinale contains higher molluscicidal activity than the extract of C. papaya. Therefore, it has the potential to be commercialized as a biomolluscicide to control the population of golden apple snails specifically at the egg stage.

Download Full-text

Control of Locomotion in the Freshwater Snail Planorbis Corneus: I. Locomotory Repertoire of the Snail

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.152.1.389 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 152 (1) ◽

pp. 389-404

Author(s):

T. G. DELIAGINA ◽

G. N. ORLOVSKY

Keyword(s):

Nervous System ◽

Water Surface ◽

Anterior Part ◽

Vertical Wall ◽

Freshwater Snail ◽

Diurnal Changes ◽

Vertical Orientation ◽

Planorbis Corneus ◽

Food Particles ◽

Sole Of The Foot

The freshwater snail Planorbis corneas moves as a result of the beating of cilia covering the sole of the foot. The tracks of snails crawling on the walls and on the bottom of an aquarium were recorded visually under various conditions of snail feeding. The following results were obtained. 1. In the absence of food, the snails exhibited diurnal changes in locomotor activity, with a maximum during the day. Horizontal tracks on the aquarium walls were commonest during the day and vertical ones at night. When crawling on the aquarium wall, the snail actively stabilized its horizontal or vertical orientation: when encountering an obstacle or after a forced turn, the snail re-established the initial direction of locomotion. 2. When fed on the water surface, the snail decreased its locomotor speed if food particles entered its mouth. The decrease in speed resulted from the slowing down of ciliary beating in the anterior part of the sole of the foot. This finding demonstrates that motor activity in different parts of the ciliated epithelium can be controlled independently by the nervous system. 3. When searching for food particles, the snail exhibited very sinuous tracks, the turns occurring spontaneously at irregular intervals. This finding shows that there is a programme of ‘looping’ in the nervous system. 4. When the snail was fed on the bottom near a vertical wall, it used the wall to climb to the water surface for lung ventilation. After ventilation, the snail performed a standard 180° turn and then returned to the food along the original outward track. Motion along a track was performed with high accuracy. 5. The locomotor apparatus of a snail allowed it to crawl not only on a flat surface but also along the very thin mucus thread that it makes.

Download Full-text