scholarly journals Integrated biomarker responses of the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria spiralis via hydrological processes from Lake Poyang, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 180729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Ji ◽  
Zhidong Yao ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Xueru Wang ◽  
Jixiang Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Wetland Plant ◽  
Lake Poyang

Vallisneria spiralis , a widely distributed wetland plant, was used to reveal how the light intensity at the top of the plant, plant morphology and antioxidant enzyme activity respond to different hydrologic conditions from Lake Poyang, China. By designing a laboratory experiment simulating historical water levels of low, normal and high wetland plant submersion, this study aimed to elucidate the effects of different levels of flooding on growth and antioxidant enzyme activity for V. spiralis . The results showed that the plant crown light intensity of the treated group and control group (CG) first decreased and then increased along with the seasonal variation of the water level. The maximum and minimum values of the plant crown light intensity were observed in April and July, respectively. Similar to the CG, V. spiralis from the normal and low water level (LWL) groups was measured and had higher plant height growth in the flooding period from May to June, and the entire plant biomass also showed a steady growth trend in the same period. However, the plant growth of the high water level (HWL) group was lower during the whole simulation period, with negative growth in July. Antioxidant enzyme activities changed with the seasonal temperature, and the activity of the CG showed a rising trend. Compared with those of the CG, the antioxidant enzyme activities of the HWL group showed a ‘bell shaped’ trend, which was first significantly induced and then significantly inhibited. In addition, the peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities from the LWL group in April were also significantly induced. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) index showed that a comprehensive biological index could well reflect the effects of seasonal water levels in Poyang Lake on the growth of the wetland plant V. spiralis . This study indicated that high flooding levels had the strongest negative effect on the growth and enzyme activity of the submerged plant V. spiralis .

New "rest period" protocol for inducing tolerance to high O2 exposure in adult rats

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (4) ◽  
pp. L226-L231 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Frank ◽  
J. Iqbal ◽  
M. Hass ◽  
D. Massaro
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
High O2 ◽  
Induction Of Tolerance

We report a new protocol for inducing marked tolerance to prolonged exposure to hyperoxia in adult rats that entails the use of a single "rest period" between exposures to a usually lethal concentration of O2. Exposure of adult rats to greater than 95% O2 for 48 h followed by a rest in air, or a rest even in 50-75% O2, consistently resulted in 100% survival with evidence of only slight pulmonary edema during continuation of exposure to greater than 95% O2 for 3-7 more days (7-day survival for rats rested in room air for 24 h = 23/23; for rats rested in 50-75% O2 for 24 h = 27/27; for continuously O2-exposed control rats = 0/11). Induction of tolerance to hyperoxia was associated with significant increases in the lungs' antioxidant enzyme activities during the reexposure to greater than 95% O2 following the rest period. The molecular means by which the events in this protocol lead to increased lung antioxidant enzyme activity is only partially known, but because of the marked tolerance produced, the elucidation of the mechanisms must be important to our understanding of tolerance to hyperoxia.

scholarly journals Metabolomic And Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Changes In Response To Cadmium Stress Under Boron Application of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiyu Qin ◽  
Yafang Xu ◽  
Zhaojun Nie ◽  
Hongen Liu ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Cd Toxicity

Abstract Boron (B) has previously been shown to inhibit cadmium (Cd) uptake in wheat, while the underlying physiological mechanism behind this phenomenon is unclear. Here, we investigated the alteration with B application in growth, Cd uptake, MDA content, antioxidant enzyme activities and small molecule metabolites under Cd stress. The results showed that the wheat growth were significantly weaker under Cd-treated than that without Cd-treated. B application can improve the wheat growth under Cd stress. In addition, B application decreased Cd concentrations and MDA concentrations of shoot and root. These results suggest that B can inhibit the absorption of Cd and mitigation of Cd toxicity to promote plant growth, especially in the roots. Meanwhile, the key enzyme activities including SOD and POD significant increased under Cd treatments, while decreased under B treatments. Further, root differential metabolites were identified with Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (LC-MS). A total of 198, 680 and 204 of the differential metabolites were isolated between CK+B and CK treatment, CK+Cd and CK treatment and CK+Cd+B and CK+Cd treatment respectively. The metabolites with up-accumulation in B application (CK+Cd+B) roots were mainly galactaric acid, citric acid, N6-Galacturonyl-L-lysine, D-Glucose, while the metabolites with down-accumulation were mainly threoninyl-tryptophan and C16 sphinganine. The differential metabolic pathways were mainly concentrated in linoleic acid metabolism, galactose metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, propanoate metabolism in diabetic complications between CK+Cd+B treatment and CK+B treatment. The data suggested that B alleviates Cd toxicity in winter wheat by inhibiting Cd uptake, increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and changing metabolites.

Effect of Oxidative Stress on Lymphocytes from Elderly Subjects

1998 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. García-Arumí ◽  
A. L. Andreu ◽  
J. López-Hellín ◽  
S. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Defences ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Healthy Elderly

1. Oxidative damage has been associated with ageing, but there is no agreement as to whether or not it is produced by a decrease in antioxidant defences with the ageing process. In purified lymphocytes from 47 healthy elderly (75.27 ± 0.91 years) and 47 healthy young (29.87 ± 0.53 years) volunteers, we studied the levels of antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase), protein oxidative damage (as protein carbonyl content) and lysosomal proteolytic activity (cathepsins B, H and L), with and without exposure to oxidative stress produced by 25 μmol/l H2O2. 2. There were no differences in antioxidant enzyme activities in the stressed and non-stressed samples between the young and elderly subjects, indicating that there was no relationship between age and antioxidant enzyme activity even in oxidative stress. However, a dissimilar response to oxidative stress was observed in protein oxidative damage and cathepsin B and L activities, depending on the age of the donor. 3. With these results we conclude that oxidative stress produces greater protein oxidative damage and increased protein degradation in elderly subjects than in young ones; this effect cannot be attributed to dissimilar antioxidant enzyme responses to oxidative stress, since these did not differ between the two age groups.

scholarly journals Investigation of Some Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Cherry Fruit

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 725-729
Author(s):  
Tuğba Gür ◽  
Fatih Karahan ◽  
Halit Demir ◽  
Canan Demir
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
The Family

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase enzyme (CAT) activities with strong antioxidant properties were determined in cherry fruits obtained from different regions such as Aegean, Mediterranean and Marmara. The cherry fruit extract was prepared and some antioxidant activities were determined. Cherry (prunus avium) is a fruit belonging to the family of rosaceae. Its homeland is asia minor. Many varieties are grown in Turkey. There are more than a hundred culture forms grown in north america with temperate regions of europe and asia. Its body is in the form of a flat-shell tree. Cherry is a fruit rich in vitamin C. They do not contain fat and cholesterol. It contains essential minerals such as fiber, vitamin A, iron, calcium, protein as well as abundant potassium. Red cherries also contain melatonin, which helps combat harmful toxins. Due to its antioxidant properties, it has many benefits such as prevention of some types of cancer, reduction of inflammation, prevention of gout and removal of muscle pain. For this purpose, it is aimed to determine some enzyme activities which are thought to be found in cherry fruit. In this study, antioxidant enzyme activities in cherry fruit were determined by spectrophotometric method. Additonaly the findings were analyzed by using multidimensional statistical methods and the results were discussed in a multidimensional manner. It is obtained that the highest catalase enzyme activity was determined in the Aegean region (4.330 U/L), while the highest superoxide dismutase enzyme activity was found in the Mediterranean region (7.176 U/L).

Drought tolerance in cereals in terms of water retention, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szilvia Bencze ◽  
Zsuzsanna Bamberger ◽  
Tibor Janda ◽  
Krisztina Balla ◽  
Zoltán Bedő ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Water Withdrawal ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Wheat Varieties

AbstractExperiments were carried out on three bread wheat varieties, one barley and one durum wheat variety grown in pots in the phytotron and subjected to water withdrawal for 7 days during grain-filling. Leaf water loss, net assimilation rate and transpiration showed marked differences, allowing the genotypes to be ranked. Although the most resistant variety had the highest activity for ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), which did not rise further in response to drought and the most susceptible variety had the lowest values, which increased to the greatest extent under drought, the level of sensitivity could not be predicted for all the genotypes from the enzyme activity values alone. The largest increases were recorded for the APX, CAT and GR activities. In most genotypes the GR activity was correlated with that of GST, CAT and APX. Changes in the enzyme activities were observed after a decline in transpiration and photosynthesis. The range of soil moisture values over which the antioxidant enzyme activity levels remained relatively unchanged was a better indication of tolerance to drought than either basic or stress-induced activity levels.

scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Turnip (Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa) Seedlings to Salt Stress

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1567-1574
Author(s):  
Kai Jia ◽  
Cunyao Yan ◽  
Huizhuan Yan ◽  
Jie Gao
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities

Turnip (Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa) is a type of root vegetable belonging to the Brassica subspecies of Cruciferae. Salt stress is one of the main abiotic stresses that causes water deficit, ion toxicity, and metabolic imbalance in plants, seriously limiting plant growth and crop yield. Two commercial turnip cultivars, Wenzhoupancai and Qiamagu, were used to evaluate the seed germination and physiological responses of turnip seedlings to salt stress. NaCl was used to simulate salt stress. Parameters of seed germination, seedling growth, osmoregulation substances content, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and other physiological parameters of turnip seedlings were measured after 7 days of salt stress. The results showed that salt stress reduced the seed germination rate, and that the seeds of ‘Wenzhoupancai’ were more sensitive to salt stress. Salt stress inhibited the growth of turnip seedlings. With the increased NaCl concentration, the seedling dry weight, seedling fresh weight, and seedling length of turnip decreased gradually. Under the salt stress treatment, the osmotic regulatory substances and antioxidant enzyme activity in the seedlings of turnip increased significantly. The chlorophyll content increased at a lower NaCl level, but it decreased when the level of NaCl was higher. Growth parameters of turnip seedlings had significant negative correlations with the reactive oxygen content, osmoregulation substances, and antioxidant enzyme activities, but they had positive correlations with chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content. These results indicated that salt stress-induced oxidative stress in turnip is mainly counteracted by enzymatic defense systems.

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