scholarly journals Physiological Responses of Turnip (Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa) Seedlings to Salt Stress

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 1567-1574
Author(s):  
Kai Jia ◽  
Cunyao Yan ◽  
Huizhuan Yan ◽  
Jie Gao
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities

Turnip (Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa) is a type of root vegetable belonging to the Brassica subspecies of Cruciferae. Salt stress is one of the main abiotic stresses that causes water deficit, ion toxicity, and metabolic imbalance in plants, seriously limiting plant growth and crop yield. Two commercial turnip cultivars, Wenzhoupancai and Qiamagu, were used to evaluate the seed germination and physiological responses of turnip seedlings to salt stress. NaCl was used to simulate salt stress. Parameters of seed germination, seedling growth, osmoregulation substances content, chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and other physiological parameters of turnip seedlings were measured after 7 days of salt stress. The results showed that salt stress reduced the seed germination rate, and that the seeds of ‘Wenzhoupancai’ were more sensitive to salt stress. Salt stress inhibited the growth of turnip seedlings. With the increased NaCl concentration, the seedling dry weight, seedling fresh weight, and seedling length of turnip decreased gradually. Under the salt stress treatment, the osmotic regulatory substances and antioxidant enzyme activity in the seedlings of turnip increased significantly. The chlorophyll content increased at a lower NaCl level, but it decreased when the level of NaCl was higher. Growth parameters of turnip seedlings had significant negative correlations with the reactive oxygen content, osmoregulation substances, and antioxidant enzyme activities, but they had positive correlations with chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content. These results indicated that salt stress-induced oxidative stress in turnip is mainly counteracted by enzymatic defense systems.

scholarly journals Divergences in Hormonal and Enzymatic Antioxidant Responses of Two Chicory Ecotypes to Salt Stress1

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. GHANAATIAN ◽  
H. SADEGHI
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Aba Content

ABSTRACT Salinity is among the most common and severe abiotic stresses that drastically affects crop productivity all over the world. To evaluate the effect of salt stress on seed germination, early growth, antioxidant enzyme activity and ABA content of chicory ecotypes (Cichorium intybus), a factorial experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, Shiraz University in 2014 based on completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments comprised five salinity levels (tap water, 3, 6, 9, 12 dS m-1) of sodium chloride on the ecotypes of Sefid Shiraz and Siyah Shiraz. The results showed that germination characteristics and primary seedling growth decreased in both ecotypes with increasing in salinity severity. The effects of salinity on radicle and plumule length as well as seedling weight were the same as its effects on seed germination. The effect of salt stress on antioxidant enzyme activity (especially catalase) and ABA content were significant which they were enhanced with increasing salinity level; the Siyah Shiraz ecotype performs better than the Sefid Shiraz under high salinity, as indicated by lower decrease in germination characteristics and primary growth and higher antioxidant enzyme activity as well as ABA content. These facts should be taken into consideration in the economic cultivation of this valuable horticultural and medicinal plant and this data would be useful for the crop breeding projects.

scholarly journals Integrated biomarker responses of the submerged macrophyte Vallisneria spiralis via hydrological processes from Lake Poyang, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 180729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Ji ◽  
Zhidong Yao ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Xueru Wang ◽  
Jixiang Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Wetland Plant ◽  
Lake Poyang

Vallisneria spiralis , a widely distributed wetland plant, was used to reveal how the light intensity at the top of the plant, plant morphology and antioxidant enzyme activity respond to different hydrologic conditions from Lake Poyang, China. By designing a laboratory experiment simulating historical water levels of low, normal and high wetland plant submersion, this study aimed to elucidate the effects of different levels of flooding on growth and antioxidant enzyme activity for V. spiralis . The results showed that the plant crown light intensity of the treated group and control group (CG) first decreased and then increased along with the seasonal variation of the water level. The maximum and minimum values of the plant crown light intensity were observed in April and July, respectively. Similar to the CG, V. spiralis from the normal and low water level (LWL) groups was measured and had higher plant height growth in the flooding period from May to June, and the entire plant biomass also showed a steady growth trend in the same period. However, the plant growth of the high water level (HWL) group was lower during the whole simulation period, with negative growth in July. Antioxidant enzyme activities changed with the seasonal temperature, and the activity of the CG showed a rising trend. Compared with those of the CG, the antioxidant enzyme activities of the HWL group showed a ‘bell shaped’ trend, which was first significantly induced and then significantly inhibited. In addition, the peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activities from the LWL group in April were also significantly induced. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) index showed that a comprehensive biological index could well reflect the effects of seasonal water levels in Poyang Lake on the growth of the wetland plant V. spiralis . This study indicated that high flooding levels had the strongest negative effect on the growth and enzyme activity of the submerged plant V. spiralis .

Antioxidant enzyme activity and microRNA are associated with growth of Poa pratensis callus under salt stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 429-438
Author(s):  
Hongsong Luo ◽  
Zhixiang Zhou ◽  
Guilong Song ◽  
Hongxiang Yao ◽  
Liebao Han
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity

Effect of Oxidative Stress on Lymphocytes from Elderly Subjects

1998 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. García-Arumí ◽  
A. L. Andreu ◽  
J. López-Hellín ◽  
S. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Defences ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Content ◽  
Healthy Elderly

1. Oxidative damage has been associated with ageing, but there is no agreement as to whether or not it is produced by a decrease in antioxidant defences with the ageing process. In purified lymphocytes from 47 healthy elderly (75.27 ± 0.91 years) and 47 healthy young (29.87 ± 0.53 years) volunteers, we studied the levels of antioxidant enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase), protein oxidative damage (as protein carbonyl content) and lysosomal proteolytic activity (cathepsins B, H and L), with and without exposure to oxidative stress produced by 25 μmol/l H2O2. 2. There were no differences in antioxidant enzyme activities in the stressed and non-stressed samples between the young and elderly subjects, indicating that there was no relationship between age and antioxidant enzyme activity even in oxidative stress. However, a dissimilar response to oxidative stress was observed in protein oxidative damage and cathepsin B and L activities, depending on the age of the donor. 3. With these results we conclude that oxidative stress produces greater protein oxidative damage and increased protein degradation in elderly subjects than in young ones; this effect cannot be attributed to dissimilar antioxidant enzyme responses to oxidative stress, since these did not differ between the two age groups.

scholarly journals The ThSOS3 Gene Improves the Salt Tolerance of Transgenic Tamarix hispida and Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyuan Liu ◽  
Qingjun Xie ◽  
Feifei Tang ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Wenfang Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Transgenic Arabidopsis ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Tamarix Hispida ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Salt Stress Response

The salt overly sensitive (SOS) signal transduction pathway is one of the most highly studied salt tolerance pathways in plants. However, the molecular mechanism of the salt stress response in Tamarix hispida has remained largely unclear. In this study, five SOS genes (ThSOS1–ThSOS5) from T. hispida were cloned and characterized. The expression levels of most ThSOS genes significantly changed after NaCl, PEG6000, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment in at least one organ. Notably, the expression of ThSOS3 was significantly downregulated after 6 h under salt stress. To further analyze ThSOS3 function, ThSOS3 overexpression and RNAi-mediated silencing were performed using a transient transformation system. Compared with controls, ThSOS3-overexpressing transgenic T. hispida plants exhibited greater reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging capability and antioxidant enzyme activity, lower malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 levels, and lower electrolyte leakage rates under salt stress. Similar results were obtained for physiological parameters in transgenic Arabidopsis, including H2O2 and MDA accumulation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity, and electrolyte leakage. In addition, transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing ThSOS3 displayed increased root growth and fresh weight gain under salt stress. Together, these data suggest that overexpression of ThSOS3 confers salt stress tolerance on plants by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity, improving ROS-scavenging capability, and decreasing the MDA content and lipid peroxidation of cell membranes. These results suggest that ThSOS3 might play an important physiological role in salt tolerance in transgenic T. hispida plants. This study provides a foundation for further elucidation of salt tolerance mechanisms involving ThSOSs in T. hispida.

Nitric Oxide Enhances Salt Tolerance through Regulating Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Nutrient Uptake in Pea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esin Dadasoglu ◽  
Melek Ekinci ◽  
Raziye Kul ◽  
Mostafakamal Shams ◽  
Metin Turan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Electrical Conductance ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
The Impact

Background: Salinity is one of the environmental stress factors that restrict the crop production by endangering agricultural areas. Nitric oxide (NO) protects plants from damage caused by oxidative stress conditions in various biological ways. Methods: In this greenhouse investigation during 2018, pea plants were irrigated with three levels of NaCl (0, 50 and 100 mM) solutions. NO solutions were prepared with three different doses (0, 75 and 100 µM SNP). These solutions were applied to the seeds before sowing and then to the leaves of the pea cultivars. The study was conducted to analyze the impact of NO on growth, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), antioxidant enzyme activity and nutrient uptake in two pea cultivars under salinity conditions. Result: Salinity reduced fresh-dry weight, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll a and b content of pea. However, NO enhanced these parameters under salt stress. Salinity increased tissue electrical conductance (TEC), H2O2 and MDA content, which were decreased by combined application of NaCl and NO. Salinity caused an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity in pea and NO made a significant improvement in their activities under salinity conditions. Salinity treatments decreased the ratio of K+/Na+ and Ca2+/Na+ in both cultivars, and application of NO elevated them as compared to the control under salt stress. In conclude, exogenous NO treatment could help pea to tolerate salinity stress by increasing the chlorophyll content and regulating antioxidant enzyme activity and nutrient uptake.

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