scholarly journals The time geography of segregation during working hours

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 180749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodoro Dannemann ◽  
Boris Sotomayor-Gómez ◽  
Horacio Samaniego
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Activity Space ◽  
Time Geography ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Commuting Distances ◽  
Strong Segregation ◽  
The City ◽  
Randomization Analysis

While segregation is usually evaluated at the residential level, the recent influx of large streams of data describing urbanites’ movement across the city allows to generate detailed descriptions of spatio-temporal segregation patterns across the activity space of individuals. For instance, segregation across the activity space is usually thought to be lower compared with residential segregation given the importance of social complementarity, among other factors, shaping the economies of cities. However, these new dynamic approaches to segregation convey important methodological challenges. This paper proposes a methodological framework to investigate segregation during working hours. Our approach combines three well-known mathematical tools: community detection algorithms, segregation metrics and random walk analysis. Using Santiago (Chile) as our model system, we build a detailed home–work commuting network from a large dataset of mobile phone pings and spatially partition the city into several communities. We then evaluate the probability that two persons at their work location will come from the same community. Finally, a randomization analysis of commuting distances and angles corroborates the strong segregation description for Santiago provided by the sociological literature. While our findings highlights the benefit of developing new approaches to understand dynamic processes in the urban environment, unveiling counterintuitive patterns such as segregation at our workplace also shows a specific example in which the exposure dimension of segregation is successfully studied using the growingly available streams of highly detailed anonymized mobile phone registries.

scholarly journals Prediction limits of mobile phone activity modelling

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 160900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dániel Kondor ◽  
Sebastian Grauwin ◽  
Zsófia Kallus ◽  
István Gódor ◽  
Stanislav Sobolevsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Social Events ◽  
Prediction Limits ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
City Structure ◽  
The City

Thanks to their widespread usage, mobile devices have become one of the main sensors of human behaviour and digital traces left behind can be used as a proxy to study urban environments. Exploring the nature of the spatio-temporal patterns of mobile phone activity could thus be a crucial step towards understanding the full spectrum of human activities. Using 10 months of mobile phone records from Greater London resolved in both space and time, we investigate the regularity of human telecommunication activity on urban scales. We evaluate several options for decomposing activity timelines into typical and residual patterns, accounting for the strong periodic and seasonal components. We carry out our analysis on various spatial scales, showing that regularity increases as we look at aggregated activity in larger spatial units with more activity in them. We examine the statistical properties of the residuals and show that it can be explained by noise and specific outliers. Also, we look at sources of deviations from the general trends, which we find to be explainable based on knowledge of the city structure and places of attractions. We show examples how some of the outliers can be related to external factors such as specific social events.

Using augmented reality for navigation in space. Creating Visual Dictionaries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Khakimova ◽  
Oleg Zolotarev ◽  
Lyudmila Sharapova ◽  
Daler Mirzoev ◽  
Aleksanra Belaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The City

The image of the city is a spatio-temporal continuum in which everything is interconnected, it exists as a single monolith expressing itself in the general atmosphere. The visual image of the city may contain two planes of meanings: culturally ratified and universally valid, expressed by cultural codes, and also significant only to those who are viewing the image. Therefore, the content of the visual image depends on who the subject of perception is, what he pays attention to and in what situation the process of perception of the image occurs.

scholarly journals Acute Effects on Impact Accelerations Running with Objects in the Hand

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Roberto Sanchis-Sanchis ◽  
Alberto Encarnación-Martínez ◽  
Jose I. Priego-Quesada ◽  
Inmaculada Aparicio ◽  
Irene Jimenez-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Stride Frequency ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Shock Attenuation ◽  
Acceleration Rate ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Impact Acceleration ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Extra Weight

Amateur runners usually run carrying implements in their hands (keys, a mobile phone, or a bottle of water). However, there is a lack of literature about the effects of different handloads on impact accelerations. Thus, this study aimed to analyse the effects of carrying different objects in the hand on impact accelerations during running. Nineteen male recreational runners (age 24.3 ± 6.8 years, training volume of 25 ± 7.38 km/week) performed twenty minutes of running on a treadmill at 2.78 m/s with four different conditions: no extra weight, with keys, with a mobile phone, and with a bottle of water. Impact acceleration and spatio-temporal parameters were analysed through a wireless triaxial accelerometry system composed of three accelerometers: two placed in each tibia and one placed on the forehead. A higher tibia acceleration rate in the dominant leg was observed when participants ran holding both a mobile phone (p = 0.027; ES = 0.359) and a bottle of water (p = 0.027; ES = 0.359), compared to no extra weight. No changes were observed in peak acceleration, acceleration magnitude, and shock attenuation in any other conditions. Likewise, neither stride frequency nor step length was modified. Our results suggest that recreational runners should not worry about carrying objects in their hands, like a mobile phone or a bottle of water, in short races because their effect seems minimal.

scholarly journals Daytime perimeter environmental noise in the vicinity of four hospitals in the city of Lima, Peru

Noise Mapping ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-247
Author(s):  
Alberto E. García-Rivero ◽  
Ricardo Ángel Yuli-Posadas ◽  
Warren Reátegui Romero ◽  
Odón Sánchez-Ccoyllo ◽  
Wilfredo Bulege-Gutierrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Hours ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Measurement Mode ◽  
Special Protection Areas ◽  
The City ◽  
National Environmental

AbstractThe present study is intended to get to know the levels of perimeter diurnal environmental noise of four hospitals in the city of Lima. The measurement mode used at each hospital was A-weighting, with an integration time of five minutes per recording. It was measured in the FAST mode with calibrations made at the beginning and end of the measurement day. Statistical analysis consisted of the mean comparison T test which was applied at all the hospitals considered in the study. At the four hospitals, at all the hours of measurement and both on working days and non-working days (Sunday), LAeq mean values are higher than 83 dBA. On working days, two periods of maximum noise from 08:00 to 10:00 in the morning and from 17:00 to 19:00 in the afternoon coincide with the start and end of working hours. The perimeter diurnal environmental noise levels determined at the vicinity of four hospitals show higher values in all cases to those established by the Peruvian National Environmental Standards for Noise for special protection areas both for working days and for non-working days. Noise that comes from the dense and disorganized traffic of Lima plays a fundamental role in this behaviour.

Forest path condition monitoring based on crowd-based trajectory data analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Francisco Arcas-Tunez ◽  
Fernando Terroso-Saenz
Keyword(s):  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Networks ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Country Road ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Path Condition ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The City

The development of Road Information Acquisition Systems (RIASs) based on the Mobile Crowdsensing (MCS) paradigm has been widely studied for the last years. In that sense, most of the existing MCS-based RIASs focus on urban road networks and assume a car-based scenario. However, there exist a scarcity of approaches that pay attention to rural and country road networks. In that sense, forest paths are used for a wide range of recreational and sport activities by many different people and they can be also affected by different problems or obstacles blocking them. As a result, this work introduces SAMARITAN, a framework for rural-road network monitoring based on MCS. SAMARITAN analyzes the spatio-temporal trajectories from cyclists extracted from the fitness application Strava so as to uncover potential obstacles in a target road network. The framework has been evaluated in a real-world network of forest paths in the city of Cieza (Spain) showing quite promising results.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Changes of Urban Forests and Planning Evolution in a Highly Dynamical Urban Area: The Case Study of Wrocław, Poland

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Jaworek-Jakubska ◽  
Maciej Filipiak ◽  
Adam Michalski ◽  
Anna Napierała-Filipiak
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The City

Knowledge about urban forests in Poland is still limited, as it is primarily based on aggregate, formal data relating to the general area, ignoring the spatial dimension and informal green areas. This article describes and analyses spatio-temporal changes in the actual urban forest resources in Wrocław in 1944–2017, which covers the first period of the city’s rebuilding after its destruction during World War II and its development during the nationalised, centrally-planned socialist economy, as well as the second period of intensive and only partly controlled growth under conditions of market economy. The study is based on current and historical orthophotomaps, which were confronted with cartographic data, as well as planning documents. We found that between 1944 and 2017, the percentage contribution of informal woodlands increased tenfold (from 0.5 to 4.9% of the present total area of the city). The area occupied by such forests has grown particularly during the most recent years of the city’s intensive development. However, the forests have been increasingly fragmented. During the first period, new forest areas were also created in the immediate vicinity of the city centre, while during the second one, only in its peripheral sections. The post-war plans regarding the urban green spaces (UGS), including the current plan, are very conservative in nature. On the one hand, this means no interference with the oldest, biggest, and most valuable forest complexes, but on the other hand, insufficient consideration of the intensive built-up area expansion on former agriculture areas. Only to a limited extent did the above-mentioned plans take into account the informal woodlands, which provide an opportunity for strengthening the functional connectivity of landscape.

Samarinda Grabbike Driver’s Income Analysis in 2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Made Ngurah Partha ◽  
Noor Ellyawati ◽  
Komang Ayu Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Average Income ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

This research purposes to determine the income of Grabbike drivers in Samarinda during March 2019 and to compare the income toward the City Minimum Wage (UMK) in 2019. This research also intends to know the average and the percentage of Grabbike driver’s income in Samarinda toward the City Minimum Wage (UMK) in 2019. This is a descriptive quantitative research. The populations in this research are 1200 Samarinda Grabbike drivers in 2019 with 120 respondents. Data collection techniques in this research use questionnaires, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique uses the net income formula; the average and percentage income. The research data and analysis of the Samarinda Grabbike driver’s income in 2019 includes several indicators; the number of working hours and working days. The research results show that the Samarinda Grabbike driver’s net income in March 2019 is Rp. 200,758,204. The percentage comparison between Samarinda Grabbike Driver’s incomes toward the City Minimum Wage (UMK) shows 24 drivers achieving high-level income or 20%, 65 drivers achieving medium-level income or 54.2% and 31 drivers achieving low-level income or 25.8%. The average income of Samarinda Grabbike drivers in March 2019 is Rp. 1,672,985.

scholarly journals Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to guide vaccination strategy in a city

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Brüningk ◽  
Juliane Klatt ◽  
Madlen Stange ◽  
Alfredo Mari ◽  
Myrta Brunner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Epidemic Dynamics ◽  
Modelling Analysis ◽  
City Population ◽  
Senior Population ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Socioeconomic Data ◽  
The City

Transmission chains within cities provide an important contribution to case burden and economic impact during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and should be a major focus for preventive measures to achieve containment. Here, at very high spatio-temporal resolution, we analysed determinants of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a medium-sized European city. We combined detailed epidemiological, mobility, and socioeconomic data-sets with whole genome sequencing during the first SARS-CoV-2 wave. Both phylogenetic clustering and compartmental modelling analysis were performed based on the dominating viral variant (B.1-C15324T; 60% of all cases). Here we show that transmissions on the city population level are driven by the socioeconomically weaker and highly mobile groups. Simulated vaccination scenarios showed that vaccination of a third of the population at 90% efficacy prioritising the latter groups would induce a stronger preventive effect compared to vaccinating exclusively senior population groups first. Our analysis accounts for both social interaction and mobility on the basis of molecularly related cases, thereby providing high confidence estimates of the underlying epidemic dynamics that may readily be translatable to other municipal areas.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Adventure Game Berbasis Mobile Pada Komunitas Pendaki Gunung bandung

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-109
Author(s):  
Angga Sopian Munawar ◽  
Wildan Wiguna ◽  
Tika Adilah M
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Communication Line ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Game Engine ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Adventure Game ◽  
Adventure Games ◽  
Simple Features ◽  
The City

Perkembangan teknologi saat ini semakin pesat, teknologi bereperan baik sebagai media interaksi sosial, sarana edukasi, maupun sarana hiburan. Dengan menerapkan teknologi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, diharapkan dapat membantu dan mempermudah pekerjaan. Salah satu bentuk kegiatan adalah pendakian dan petulangan, yaitu sebuah kegiatan dengan mengkombinasikan olahraga dan rekreasi yang sangat digemari oleh kalangan muda. Komunitas Pendaki Gunung Bandung (KPGB) merupakan Komunitas dengan kegiatan pendakian atau petualangan yang berperan sebagai media komunikasi dan informasi antar pegiat alam. Komunitas ini diharapkan menjadi jalur komunikasi terjalinya silaturahmi untuk membentuk kokoh rasa kekeluargaan antar sesama pendaki khususnya di Kota Bandung. Kesibukan dan padatnya jam kerja menyebabkan para anggota kesulitan dalam mengatur jadwal untuk melakukan aktivitas pendakian. Banyaknya rintangan dan tingkat kesulitan di medan pendakian, membuat banyak orang merasa takut untuk mendaki. Para pendaki yang mengalami kecelakaan dan hilang, bahkan meninggal dunia, menambah rasa takut bagi orang-orang yang ingin melakukan pendakian. Dari permasalahan yang ada perlu adanya gambaran tentang bagaimana menyelesaikan masalah ketika banyaknya aktivitas dari semua anggota yang tidak dapat melakukan pendakian. Maka aplikasi game yang bertemakan petualangan pendakian ini, dibentuk untuk memenuhi kepuasan para anggota Komunitas Pendaki Gunung Bandung, dengan pemrograman Cocos 2d-x berbasis game engine Android menggunakan smartphone yang menghasilkan game petulangan pendakian yang berkarakter 2D (dua dimensi). Aplikasi ini dirancang dengan fitur yang sederhana, oleh karena itu pengguna dapat memainkan game petualangan ini dengan nyaman. Terdapat pula fitur yang akan menghubungkan langsung pengguna dengan website KPGB, yang didalamnya terdapat informasi mengenai perlengkapan mendaki. Aplikasi ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kesenangan bagi anggota Komunitas Pendaki Gunung Bandung yang tidak bisa melakukan aktivitas berpetualang atau mendaki secara langsung.   The development of technology is currently increasingly rapid, technology plays a role both as a medium of social interaction, a means of education, and a means of entertainment. By applying technology in everyday life, it is hoped that it can help and make work easier. One form of activity is climbing and adventure, which is an activity that combines sports and recreation which is very popular with young people. The Bandung Mountaineering Community (KPGB) is a community with climbing or adventure activities that act as a medium of communication and information between nature activists. This community is expected to be a communication line for establishing friendships to form a strong sense of kinship between fellow climbers, especially in the city of Bandung. Busy and busy working hours cause the members to find it difficult to arrange a schedule for climbing activities. The number of obstacles and levels of difficulty in the climbing field, makes many people feel afraid to climb. The climbers who had accidents and disappeared, and even died, added to the fear of those who wanted to climb. From the existing problems, it is necessary to have an idea of how to solve the problem when there are many activities from all members who cannot climb. So this game application with the theme of climbing adventure, was formed to meet the satisfaction of members of the Bandung Mountaineering Community, with Cocos 2d-x programming based on the Android game engine using a smartphone that produces climbing adventure games with 2D (two-dimensional) characters. This application is designed with simple features, therefore users can play this adventure game comfortably. There is also a feature that will connect users directly to the KPGB website, in which there is information about climbing equipment. This application is expected to provide pleasure for members of the Bandung Mountaineering Community who cannot carry out adventure or climbing activities directly.  

scholarly journals Mexican Medical Students Protest During Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Torres-Hernández ◽  
Patricio García-Espinosa ◽  
Edgar Botello-Hernández ◽  
Diego Ortega-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Social Service ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
City Hall ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Right ◽  
The City ◽  
Precarious Situation

During February  2021, a protest was organized by Mexican medical students through social media. About 200 interns, social service physicians and physicians protested peacefully in front of the city hall of Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, the capital of Mexico's second largest metropolitan area. Due to the current contingency situation, it was requested to attend with face shield and masks. The reason for the protest was to raise their voice due to the precarious situation where social service physicians are sent to rural areas of the country in which they have all the obligations of workers but without belonging to the working class - lacking the the benefits of this same as a living wage or fair working hours. The protesters were in limbo between student and worker. The protest also demanded justice for the sensitive death of young doctors due to malpractice situations of the Mexican authorities. We believe that a total reform of the social service in medicine is necessary. It is the responsibility of the authorities to cover the rural areas with permanently trained doctors without depending on recently graduated doctors. It is always important to assert our fundamental rights, including the right to protest in a peaceful manner.

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