scholarly journals On the changes in iron and steel at temperatures below 280° C

1923 ◽  
Vol 102 (718) ◽  
pp. 587-599 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Iron ◽  
Iron Carbide ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pig Iron ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

As a result of some unexpected facts observed during an investigation on the etching properties of the carbides in alloy steels, the study of the changes which are well known to occur in iron carbide was commenced. Since pure iron carbide was not to be obtained in bulk, the material used Was a Swedish white pig iron which contained about 60 per cent. Fe 3 C. The remainder consisted of more or less pure iron, and in view of the complexity of the curves expressing the relationship of the electrical resistance to temperature it was necessary to add to the high carbon material as pure a sample of iron as could be obtained. This was a remarkably pure sample of American ingot iron containing 99⋅9 per cent. iron. To link up these two materials, two steels with about 0⋅15 and 1 per cent, of carbon were also examined. The full analyses of the materials used are recorded in Table I. It is now well known that carbide of iron, Fe 3 C, has a change point at about 200°C., but the fact that there are also equally important changes in pure iron has not, hitherto, been clearly realised, although there have, from time to time, been found values for various physical and mechanical properties which did not fit well on curves showing the general relationship of the property and temperature.

scholarly journals Investigation of the classification and properties of three-dimensional textile fabrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501988996
Author(s):  
Zhenyu Ma ◽  
Pingze Zhang ◽  
Jianxun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Textile Composites ◽  
Uniform Structure ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Textile Fabrics ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Three-dimensional textile fabrics are used as the reinforcing phase of the textile structural composites, and their geometry affect the physical and mechanical properties of composites. Based on the curvature and directions of the fiber tows in three-dimensional textile fabrics, four representative geometric units are proposed, namely, the orthogonal geometric unit, the curved geometric unit, the skew geometric unit, and the uniform distribution unit, respectively. Other units are the combinations or derivations of these representative geometric units. The relationship and performance characteristics of these representative geometric units are discussed in section “The relationship of RGUs.” The structural features of three-dimensional textile fabrics are illustrated on the mesoscopic scale, and the models are established to predict the geometric properties. The concepts of fabrics with stable structure, flexible structure, elastoplastic structure, and uniform structure are proposed. The fiber volume fractions and elastic characteristics of different structural fabrics are discussed. The classification of three-dimensional textile fabrics is conducive to investigate the relationship between geometry and property, forming a technical system and providing a theoretical basis for the selection of three-dimensional structural textile composites with different performance.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF ABRASIVE WEAR OF URETHAN-CONTAINING ELASTOMERS WITH THEIR PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
V. Y. Senichev ◽  
◽  
E. V. Pogorel’tsev ◽  
A. I. Slobodinyuk ◽  
M. A. Makarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Elastic Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Physicomechanical Properties ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between abrasive wear and the physicomechanical properties of casting polyurethane and polyurethane urea elastomers based on P-6BA polyester in the widest range of their elastic properties was investigated.

Forming and Shaping Operations for Iron and Steel

1973 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-180
Author(s):  
Hugh Ford
Keyword(s):  
Metal Working ◽  
Production Engineering ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Stress And Deformation ◽  
Secondary Manufacturing ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Deformation Modes

Although many years of research have gone into the present knowledge of the forming and shaping of metals, most of our capability of making components in ferrous materials goes back to the days of craft and skill. The major expenditure on fundamental studies in metal working has been effective only in refining existing processes rather than leading to new ways of manufacture. A better understanding of the relationship of material properties to stress and deformation modes has had some influence on process developments. Much more is owed to developments in the size of plant units, economic, production engineering, marketing and managerial factors. The more recent developments and trends in secondary manufacturing processes are reviewed.

scholarly journals Establishing the Relationship between Cutting Speed and Output Parameters in Belt Grinding on Steels, Aluminum and Nickel Alloys: Development of Recommendations

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1974
Author(s):  
Nelli Vladimirovna Syreyshchikova ◽  
Danil Yurievich Pimenov ◽  
Munish Kumar Gupta ◽  
Krzysztof Nadolny ◽  
Khaled Giasin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Alloys ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Belt Grinding ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
Alloy Steels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Structural Carbon

This paper presents the research results of one of the main technological parameters of belt grinding, i.e., the cutting speed while machining corrosion- and heat-resistant, structural carbon and structural alloy steels, aluminum, and heat-resistant nickel alloys. Experimental and analytical methods are used to establish the dependence of the output parameters of surface belt grinding on the cutting speed and tool characteristics. An analytical model, considering the physical and mechanical properties of the grinding belt (strength depending on the base and bond; the thermal conductivity; the type of grinding operation) and the machined material, is created to determine the belt grinding speed. The output parameters, such as the arithmetic mean of the surface roughness (Ra) and the material removal rate (MRR) during the belt grinding of steels, heat-resistant and light alloys, have been studied. Based on the empirical dependencies of the belt grinding parameters, the model was developed for the selection and setting of the cutting speed of belt grinding for the aforementioned alloys, taking into account the type of operation, the type of the machined material, and the main characteristics of the sanding belt.

scholarly journals Use of Iron and Steel Slags in Concrete: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 556
Author(s):  
Alan Piemonti ◽  
Antonio Conforti ◽  
Luca Cominoli ◽  
Sabrina Sorlini ◽  
Antonella Luciano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Pig Iron ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Different Types

In the two last decades, world production of pig iron and steel has undergone a significant increase. In 2018, 1252.87 and 1806.46 million tons of pig iron and steel, respectively, were produced as compared to the 575.78 and 809.94 million tons of 2000. Consequently, the amount of the different types of slags deriving from these production processes has also increased considerably. In relation to the principles of sustainability and circular economy, the available literature suggests several possible reuses for these slags (bituminous conglomerates, hydraulic engineering, metallurgy, fertilizers, etc.). This paper aims to provide an overview of the iron and steel slags production and their reuse in concrete (for example as replacement of cement, fine or coarse aggregates). The characteristics of slags are analyzed in terms of chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. Mechanical and durability tests (both from material and structures point of view) carried out in the different studies and research are shown as well. Particular attention was devoted to electric arc furnace slags (EAF) since they are the most produced in Italy. Based on this deep literature review, the gaps that still require further studies have been identified and discussed.

SINKRONISASI PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 46/PUU-VIII/2010 DENGAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 1974 TENTANG PERKAWINAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Elsa Aprilia ' ◽  
Anjar Sri Ciptorukmi Nugraheni ' ◽  
Luthfyah Trini Hastuti '
Keyword(s):  
Legal Research ◽  
Materials Analysis ◽  
The Law ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract<br />The writing of this article aims to synchronize The Judgment Of Mahkamah Konstitusi he knows no. 46/<br />PUU-VIII/2010 with law number 1 Year 1974 about marriage. This type of research using normative legal <br />research is descriptive and the approach used approach to legislation. Legal research materials used are <br />primary and secondary legal materials, the techniques used in the collection of the material law in this <br />research is the study of librarianship or study document. This research uses the legal materials analysis <br />techniques with methods that use syllogisms deductive thinking patterns. There are several provisions in <br />The Judgment Of Mahkamah Konstitusi No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 that are not in sync with the law number <br />1 Year  1974  about  marriage  as  arrangement  about  children,  relation  of  children  outside  marriage, <br />responsibility from parent and authentication children in understanding The Judgment Of Mahkamah <br />Konstitusi not synchron with the notion of legitimate son in law Marriage, but there is also a provision <br />that such provision of synchronous’s authentication that protection about children outside marriage . After <br />there is proof about the relationship of blood must remain an endorsement done his father against son <br />beyond mating to be legitimate children.<br />Keywords: Synchronization; Children Outside Of Marriage; The Judgment Of Mahkamah Konstitusi<br />Abstrak<br />Penulisan  artikel  ini  bertujuan  untuk mengetahui sinkronisasi Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor <br />46/PUU-VIII/2010 dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan. Jenis penelitian <br />menggunakan  penelitian  hukum  normatif  yang  bersifat  deskriptif  dengan  pendekatan  perundang-<br />undangan. Bahan penelitian hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer dan sekunder, teknik <br />yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan bahan hukum adalah studi kepustakaan atau studi dokumen. Teknik <br />analisis memakai bahan hukum dengan metode silogisme yang menggunakan pola berpikir deduktif. <br />Terdapat beberapa ketentuan dalam Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 46/PUU-VIII/2010 yang tidak <br />sinkron dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 tentang Perkawinan seperti hubungan anak luar <br />kawin, pembuktian anak dan tanggung jawab orangtua, namun terdapat juga ketentuan yang sinkron <br />seperti ketentuan tentang pengaturan yang memberi perlindungan terhadap anak luar kawin. Setelah <br />ada pembuktian tentang hubungan darah harus tetap ada pengesahan yang dilakukan ayahnya terhadap <br />anak luar kawin agar menjadi anak sah.<br />Kata kunci: Sinkronisasi; Anak Luar Kawin; Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi.

KORELASI ANTARA KONSUMSI PROTEIN, ENERGI DAN BULAN LAKTASI DENGAN PRODUKSI SUSU SAPI PERAH DI KABUPATEN SEMARANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Anis Muktiani
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Dairy Milk ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study is to evaluated the relationship of energy consumption (total digestible nutrients), intake protein and month of lactation with milk production on dairy cattle in Semarang Regency. The materials used was 40 dairy cattle between 1-9 month of lactation. It were grouped into 3 groups of month lactation including group 1 (1-3 month), group 2 (4-6 month) and group 3 (7-9 month). The measured variables were dry matter consumption, crude protein, and total digestible nutrients as independent variables and milk production as a fixed variable. The effect of independent variables on fixed variables was tested using correlation test and linear regression. The result showed that milk production of each group 1,2 and 3 was 12.12, 9.40, and 7.73 liters / day. The crude protein content and total digestible nutrients ration ranged between 12-13.7% and 62-66%. The consumption of crude protein and total digestible nutrients had no apparent correlation with milk production in dairy cattle in Semarang Regency, but milk production was strongly influenced by lactation (p <0.01). Correlation value (r) between lactation month with milk production showed moderate relationship (r = 0,55) with regression equation Y = 13.258-0,717X, that the milk production will decrease equal to 0,717 liter every month. The conclusion of this study is consumtion of protein and energy is not correlated with dairy milk production in Semarang Regency. Lack of consumption of crude protein and total digestible nutrients in early lactation leads to lower production presistence than normal milk production patterns.

Forming and Shaping Operations for Iron and Steel

1973 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Ford
Keyword(s):  
Metal Working ◽  
Production Engineering ◽  
Iron And Steel ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Stress And Deformation ◽  
Secondary Manufacturing ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Deformation Modes

Although many years of research have gone into the present knowledge of the forming and shaping of metals, most of our capability of making components in ferrous materials goes back to the days of craft and skill. The major expenditure on fundamental studies in metal working has been effective only in refining existing processes rather than leading to new ways of manufacture. A better understanding of the relationship of material properties to stress and deformation modes has had some influence on process developments. Much more is owed to developments in the size of plant units, economic, production engineering, marketing and managerial factors. The more recent developments and trends in secondary manufacturing processes are reviewed.

scholarly journals Photoluminescence Quenching of Nanocomposite Materials Used for Organic Solar Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3S1) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Thao ◽  
Do Ngoc Chung ◽  
Nguyen Nang Dinh ◽  
Vo Van Truong
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Polymeric Composite ◽  
Nanocomposite Materials ◽  
Photoluminescence Quenching ◽  
Semiconducting Polymer ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pl Quenching

In this work, we have studied the photoluminescence (PL) quenching of two polymeric composites, poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV) and poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) in presence of nc-TiO\(_{2}\) particles by PL- spectroscopy. PL quenching values are 19.2\(\text{\%}\) and 45.5\(\text{\%}\), for MEH-PPV+nc-TiO\(_{2}\) and P3HT+nc-TiO$_{2}$, respectively. The obtained results on the relationship of PL quenching and photoelectrical efficiency (PCE) of an OSC showed that the quenching coefficient of a semiconducting polymer can be considered as apreliminarycriterion for choosing an appropriate polymeric composite being used for OSC preparation. Under illumination of solar energyof 56 mW/cm\(^{2}\), P3HT+TiO\(_{2}\) based OSC possess FF, V$_{OC}$, J$_{SC}$ and PCE of 0.64, 0.243 V, 1.43 mA/cm\(^{2}\) and 0.45\(\text{\%}\), respectively.

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