scholarly journals Confidence in confidence distributions!

2020 ◽  
Vol 476 (2237) ◽  
pp. 20190781
Author(s):  
Céline Cunen ◽  
Nils Lid Hjort ◽  
Tore Schweder
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Exact Analysis ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Conjunction Analysis ◽  
Frequentist Method

The recent article ‘Satellite conjunction analysis and the false confidence theorem’ (Balch et al . 2019, Satellite conjunction analysis and the false confidence theorem. Proc. R. Soc. A 475 , 20180565) points to certain difficulties with Bayesian analysis when used for models for satellite conjuntion and ensuing operative decisions. Here, we supplement these previous analyses and findings with further insights, uncovering what we perceive of as being the crucial points, explained in a prototype set-up where exact analysis is attainable. We also show that a different and frequentist method, involving confidence distributions, is free of the false confidence syndrome.

scholarly journals The Disability Living Allowance Advisory Board

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 475-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Advisory Board ◽  
Set Up

A recent article in the Psychiatric Bulletin reviewed how disability and incapacity benefits operate, the structure of the Benefits Agency, and the role that doctors played within the structure (Killoughery, 1999). The article was concerned with three benefits: Disability Living Allowance (DLA); Severe Disablement Allowance; and Incapacity Benefit. Linked to the planned introduction of DLA in April 1992, the Disability Living Allowance Advisory Board (DLAAB) was set up in September 1991. I describe here the nature, functions and activities of the Board.

scholarly journals Return to the Scene of the Crime: Revisiting Process Tracing, Bayesianism, and Murder

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Sherry Zaks
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
Rigorous Analysis ◽  
The Way

Abstract In a recent article, I argued that the Bayesian process tracing literature exhibits a persistent disconnect between principle and practice. In their response, Bennett, Fairfield, and Charman raise important points and interesting questions about the method and its merits. This letter breaks from the ongoing point-by-point format of the debate by asking one question: In the most straightforward case, does the literature equip a reasonable scholar with the tools to conduct a rigorous analysis? I answer this question by walking through a qualitative Bayesian analysis of the simplest example: analyzing evidence of a murder. Along the way, I catalogue every question, complication, and pitfall I run into. Notwithstanding some important clarifications, I demonstrate that aspiring practitioners are still facing a method without guidelines or guardrails.

Thither Algebra

1930 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-316
Author(s):  
P. Stroup
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High Schools ◽  
General Solution ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
National Development ◽  
Mathematical Development ◽  
Technical Schools ◽  
School Subjects ◽  
Henry Ford ◽  
Set Up

The Recent Article by Mr. Betz is a classic of timeliness and wisdom. It arouses the faintly breathing hope that something may yet be done. Mark Twain's remark about the weather might well be applied to the situation in mathematics. There is still however an observation which is perhaps worth making. Our splendid physical prosperity must have some educational basis which is partially responsible for it. Now surely if there is a weakness in our present national development it is spiritual rather than material, it is in culture rather than in mechanical advances. So we are compelled to ask those who raise the cry that we have not taught mathematics efficiently enough just what they have a right to expect. They have set up certain expectations for various stages of mathematical development in the child and have been disappointed to test and find their expectations are not met. Perhaps they were optimistic rather than wise. The technical schools may claim all the credit but it still leaves nothing to complain about as far as the mechanical side of our celebrated prosperity is concerned. The thing that we need most to be concerned about is whether those that succeeded in mathematics furnished a smaller per cent of bootleggers and divorcees than those who failed. I have no statistics to offer but I have always pursued my work as a teacher of elementary algebra and geometry encouraged by the hope that if my students were led to think straighter in mathematics they would have a greater chance of leading useful happy lives. No one has come right out and said that the faulty teaching of algebra and the rest of the debatable high school subjects were responsible for the increase in crime except perhaps Henry Ford with his announcement of millions for education. His proposals do not sound feasible enough as a general solution to warrant our sitting back and waiting for his specifications for the reforming of our high schools.

scholarly journals Dialogue as a Response to the Psychiatrization of Society? Potentials of the Open Dialogue Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian von Peter ◽  
Tomi Bergstrøm ◽  
Irene Nenoff-Herchenbach ◽  
Mark Steven Hopfenbeck ◽  
Raffaella Pocobello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Article ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Internal Logic ◽  
Multiple Processes ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Open Dialogue ◽  
Set Up

In recent decades, the use of psychosocial and psychiatric care systems has increased worldwide. A recent article proposed the concept of psychiatrization as an explanatory framework, describing multiple processes responsible for the spread of psychiatric concepts and forms of treatment. This article aims to explore the potentials of the Open Dialogue (OD) approach for engaging in less psychiatrizing forms of psychosocial support. While OD may not be an all-encompassing solution to de-psychiatrization, this paper refers to previous research showing that OD has the potential to 1) limit the use of neuroleptics, 2), reduce the incidences of mental health problems and 3) decrease the use of psychiatric services. It substantiates these potentials to de-psychiatrize psychosocial support by exploring the OD’s internal logic, its use of language, its processes of meaning-making, its notion of professionalism, its promotion of dialogue and how OD is set up structurally. The conclusion touches upon the dangers of co-optation, formalization and universalization of the OD approach and stresses the need for more societal, layperson competencies in dealing with psychosocial crises.

The Effects of Drying Techniques on Clay-Rich Soil Texture

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
T. G. Naymik
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Quartz Grains

Three techniques were incorporated for drying clay-rich specimens: air-drying, freeze-drying and critical point drying. In air-drying, the specimens were set out for several days to dry or were placed in an oven (80°F) for several hours. The freeze-dried specimens were frozen by immersion in liquid nitrogen or in isopentane at near liquid nitrogen temperature and then were immediately placed in the freeze-dry vacuum chamber. The critical point specimens were molded in agar immediately after sampling. When the agar had set up the dehydration series, water-alcohol-amyl acetate-CO2 was carried out. The objectives were to compare the fabric plasmas (clays and precipitates), fabricskeletons (quartz grains) and the relationship between them for each drying technique. The three drying methods are not only applicable to the study of treated soils, but can be incorporated into all SEM clay soil studies.

Evaluation of Freezing Methods by Low Temperature X-Ray Diffraction

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 330-333
Author(s):  
T. Gulik-Krzywicki ◽  
M.J. Costello
Keyword(s):  
Biological Materials ◽  
Molecular Organization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Set Up

Freeze-etching electron microscopy is currently one of the best methods for studying molecular organization of biological materials. Its application, however, is still limited by our imprecise knowledge about the perturbations of the original organization which may occur during quenching and fracturing of the samples and during the replication of fractured surfaces. Although it is well known that the preservation of the molecular organization of biological materials is critically dependent on the rate of freezing of the samples, little information is presently available concerning the nature and the extent of freezing-rate dependent perturbations of the original organizations. In order to obtain this information, we have developed a method based on the comparison of x-ray diffraction patterns of samples before and after freezing, prior to fracturing and replication.Our experimental set-up is shown in Fig. 1. The sample to be quenched is placed on its holder which is then mounted on a small metal holder (O) fixed on a glass capillary (p), whose position is controlled by a micromanipulator.

Eels Under Standing Wave Conditions

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 492-495
Author(s):  
O.L. Krivanek ◽  
J. TaftØ
Keyword(s):  
Standing Wave ◽  
Wave Conditions ◽  
Set Up ◽  
A Site ◽  
Complex Crystal

It is well known that a standing electron wavefield can be set up in a crystal such that its intensity peaks at the atomic sites or between the sites or in the case of more complex crystal, at one or another type of a site. The effect is usually referred to as channelling but this term is not entirely appropriate; by analogy with the more established particle channelling, electrons would have to be described as channelling either through the channels or through the channel walls, depending on the diffraction conditions.

Low-Loss Images in a Stem/Tem Microscope

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 496-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Joy ◽  
Dennis M. Maher
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Beam Direction ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Specimen Holder ◽  
Glancing Angle ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Conventional Manner ◽  
Objective Type

High-resolution images of the surface topography of solid specimens can be obtained using the low-loss technique of Wells. If the specimen is placed inside a lens of the condenser/objective type, then it has been shown that the lens itself can be used to collect and filter the low-loss electrons. Since the probeforming lenses in TEM instruments fitted with scanning attachments are of this type, low-loss imaging should be possible.High-resolution, low-loss images have been obtained in a JEOL JEM 100B fitted with a scanning attachment and a thermal, fieldemission gun. No modifications were made to the instrument, but a wedge-shaped, specimen holder was made to fit the side-entry, goniometer stage. Thus the specimen is oriented initially at a glancing angle of about 30° to the beam direction. The instrument is set up in the conventional manner for STEM operation with all the lenses, including the projector, excited.

UHV-TEM studies of laser-induced damage

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 632-633
Author(s):  
T.S. Savage ◽  
R. Ai ◽  
D. Dunn ◽  
L.D. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Surface Science ◽  
Rapid Heating ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Northwestern University ◽  
Laser Induced Damage ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Focusing Lens ◽  
Diffusion Of Impurities

The use of lasers for surface annealing, heating and/or damage has become a routine practice in the study of materials. Lasers have been closely looked at as an annealing technique for silicon and other semiconductors. They allow for local heating from a beam which can be focused and tuned to different wavelengths for specific tasks. Pulsed dye lasers allow for short, quick bursts which can allow the sample to be rapidly heated and quenched. This short, rapid heating period may be important for cases where diffusion of impurities or dopants may not be desirable.At Northwestern University, a Candela SLL - 250 pulsed dye laser, with a maximum power of 1 Joule/pulse over 350 - 400 nanoseconds, has been set up in conjunction with a Hitachi UHV-H9000 transmission electron microscope. The laser beam is introduced into the surface science chamber through a series of mirrors, a focusing lens and a six inch quartz window.

A simple way for producing holographic filters suitable for image improvement

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
K.-H. Herrmann ◽  
E. Reuber ◽  
P. Schiske
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Diffraction Order ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Spatial Frequencies ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Wiener Filters ◽  
Image Improvement ◽  
Optical Reconstruction ◽  
Set Up

Aposteriori deblurring of high resolution electron micrographs of weak phase objects can be performed by holographic filters [1,2] which are arranged in the Fourier domain of a light-optical reconstruction set-up. According to the diffraction efficiency and the lateral position of the grating structure, the filters permit adjustment of the amplitudes and phases of the spatial frequencies in the image which is obtained in the first diffraction order.In the case of bright field imaging with axial illumination, the Contrast Transfer Functions (CTF) are oscillating, but real. For different imageforming conditions and several signal-to-noise ratios an extensive set of Wiener-filters should be available. A simple method of producing such filters by only photographic and mechanical means will be described here.A transparent master grating with 6.25 lines/mm and 160 mm diameter was produced by a high precision computer plotter. It is photographed through a rotating mask, plotted by a standard plotter.

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