scholarly journals Observations on the changes seen in living cells during growth and division

1922 ◽  
Vol 94 (658) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Living Cells ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Paraffin Wax ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Hollow Glass ◽  
Cartilage Cells ◽  
Embryo Chick ◽  
And Cartilage

The observations recorded in this paper were made on cultures in vitro of embryonic and adult chick tissues. The cultures chiefly studied were choroidal cells from the eyes of seven to nine days’ chick embryos and cartilage cells from knee-joints of adult fowls. The method of cultivation was embedding small fragments of tissue on a coverslip in one drop of chick plasma, to which was added one drop of embryo chick extract. The coverslip was inverted over a hollow glass slide, sealed with melted paraffin wax, and at once placed in an incubator at 39° C. The tissues were sub-cultured every second day. The cells observed were found in cultures which had been growing for 24 hours in the incubator after sub-culture.

scholarly journals A PURE STRAIN OF CARTILAGE CELLS IN VITRO

1922 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Small Lymphocyte ◽  
Pure Strain ◽  
Thin Membranes ◽  
Cartilage Cells ◽  
Cultivation In Vitro ◽  
Large Nucleolus

1. A strain of cartilage cells, obtained from the pars cartilago scleræ of the eye of chick embryos, has been cultivated for more than 3 months in vitro. 2. The initial growth of the cartilage was possible only on the free surface of the coagulum. 3. The hyaline substance disappeared during cultivation in vitro. The succeeding stages of a transformation from small, lymphocyte-like cells into large, spindle-shaped cells were observed. The cartilage cells were spindle-shaped and grew in close contact, forming thin membranes. In surface-grown cartilage cells, the nucleus, usually containing one large nucleolus, stained less deeply than the cytoplasm. 4. The rate of growth of cartilage was slower than that of fibroblasts and epithelium. After cultivation on the surface of the coagulum, the cartilage cells could multiply even when embedded in the coagulum. But their growth was less extensive and uniform.

Dexamethasone induces apoptosis in proliferative canine tendon cells and chondrocytes

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Hossain ◽  
J. Park ◽  
S. H. Choi ◽  
G. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tendon Cells ◽  
Cartilage Cells ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Nuclear Apoptosis ◽  
And Cartilage

SummaryDexamethasone (Dexa) has been commonly used in humans and domestic animals, particularly in the treatment of tendon injuries and cartilage degeneration. However, it is often associated with tendon rupture and impaired tendon and cartilage healing. In the present study, we investigated Dexa’s in vitro effects on the growth of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis in canine Achilles tendon cells and chondrocytes. Cell proliferation after treatment with Dexa for two to six days was quantified by a 2,3-bis{2-methoxy- 4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl}-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxyanilide inner salt assay (XTT). The results showed that Dexa could inhibit the proliferation of tendon cells and chondrocytes at increasing concentrations (0.1–50 μg/ml) compared with untreated cells. Cell apoptosis was induced by Dexa, as evidenced by the typical nuclear apoptosis using Hoechst 33258 staining. Dexa increased the apoptosis of canine tendon cells and chondrocytes in a time-dependent manner. In canine tendon cells and chondrocytes that were treated with 25 and 50 μg/ml concentration of Dexa, the number of condensed apoptotic nuclei was significantly increased. In addition, culturing with Dexa and the glucocorticoid receptor blocker, mifepristone, significantly arrested apoptosis of tendon cells and chondrocytes. Based on our in vitro data, we hypothesized that in vivo treatment with glucocorticoids may diminish the proliferation of tendon and cartilage cells by increasing apoptosis and suppressing the proliferation. Our findings suggest that Dexa could be used with caution in dogs with articular or tendon problems.

CELLS OF THE THYMUS AND THEIR RELEASE OF CYTOPLASMIC PORTIONS IN VITRO: I. THE METHOD OF RELEASE OF DISCRETE CYTOPLASMIC PORTIONS BY BASOPHILIC CELLS (CHANGED LYMPHOCYTES) FROM THE THYMUS IN VITRO

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. E. Engelbert
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Culture Vessel ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Roll Out

During culture experiments with thymic lobules of chick embryos and young rats, it could be observed directly that cytoplasmic fragments were released from lymphocytes that had changed in appearance. Any similarity to the cell appearance described below has been found only once in the literature, namely in an illustration by Watney from foetal calf thymus published in 1882; Watney however, neither labelled nor described the cells. The distribution of the cytoplasm in readiness for release could be observed when the cells came to lie against the side of the culture vessel. The long processes were then seen to be tubes formed by the cell membranes. A tube could be followed from its first appearance. At this stage it appeared empty but soon a discrete portion of cytoplasm would be seen emerging from the endoplasm and passing slowly into the tube, later followed by several others. The portions remained discrete and did not coalesce. The individual portions would eventually roll out into separate side-tubes. The end pieces twisted off and floated free when the tubes were supported only by the medium. The release of discrete cytoplasmic portions is not clasmatosis as that process is usually understood, nor a degeneration, nor yet a disintegration, but a function of living cells.

scholarly journals Monoclonal antibodies specific to quail embryo tissues: their epitopes in the developing quail embryo and their application to identification of quail cells in quail-chick chimeras.

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1769-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Aoyama ◽  
K Asamoto ◽  
Y Nojyo ◽  
M Kinutani
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
Quail Embryo ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Cartilage Cells ◽  
Preliminary Application ◽  
And Cartilage

Quail-chick chimeras have been used extensively in the field of developmental biology. To detect quail cells more easily and to detect cellular processes of quail cells in quail-chick chimeras, we generated four monoclonal antibodies (MAb) specific to some quail tissues. MAb QCR1 recognizes blood vessels, blood cells, and cartilage cells, MAb QB1 recognizes quail blood vessels and blood cells, and MAb QB2 recognizes quail blood vessels, blood cells, and mesenchymal tissues. These antibodies bound to those tissues in 3-9-day quail embryos and did not bind to any tissues of 3-9-day chick embryos. MAb QSC1 is specific to the ventral half of spinal cord and thymus in 9-day quail embryo. No tissue in 9-day chick embryo reacted with this MAb. This antibody binds transiently to a small number of brain vesicle cells in developing chick embryo as well as in quail embryo. A preliminary application of two of these MAb, QCR1 and QSC1, on quail-chick chimeras of neural tube and somites is reported here.

scholarly journals Genetically Encoded, Multivalent Liquid Glycan Array (LiGA)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirat Sojitra ◽  
Susmita Sarkar ◽  
Jasmine Maghera ◽  
Emily Rodrigues ◽  
Eric Carpenter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequencing ◽  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Glycan Array ◽  
Binding Profile ◽  
Live Mouse

AbstractThe Central Dogma of Biology does not allow for the study of glycans using DNA sequencing. We report a “Liquid Glycan Array” (LiGA) platform comprising a library of DNA ‘barcoded’ M13 virions that display 30-1500 copies of glycans per phage. A LiGA is synthesized by acylation of phage pVIII protein with a dibenzocyclooctyne, followed by ligation of azido-modified glycans. Pulldown of the LiGA with lectins followed by deep sequencing of the barcodes in the bound phage decodes the optimal structure and density of the recognized glycans. The LiGA is target agnostic and can measure the glycan-binding profile of lectins such as CD22 on cells in vitro and immune cells in a live mouse. From a mixture of multivalent glycan probes, LiGAs identifies the glycoconjugates with optimal avidity necessary for binding to lectins on living cells in vitro and in vivo; measurements that cannot be performed with canonical glass slide-based glycan arrays.DedicationThe paper is dedicated to Laura L. Kiessling on the occasion of her 60th birthday.

Carbon dots derived from Fusobacterium nucleatum for intracellular determination of Fe3+ and bioimaging both in vitro and in vivo

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Liu ◽  
Shengting Zhang ◽  
Xiaodan Zheng ◽  
Hongmei Li ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon Dots ◽  
Fluorescent Carbon

Fusobacterium nucleatum has been employed for the first time to synthesize fluorescent carbon dots which could be applied for the determination of Fe3+ ions in living cells and bioimaging in vitro and in vivo with excellent biocompatibility.

Quinolimide-based peptide biosensor for probing p25 in vitro and in living cells

2021 ◽  
pp. 129929
Author(s):  
Francisco Fueyo-González ◽  
Rosario Herranz ◽  
Simona Plesselova ◽  
Maria D. Giron ◽  
Rafael Salto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Living Cells

scholarly journals KUS121 attenuates the progression of monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Iwai ◽  
Hanako O. Ikeda ◽  
Hisashi Mera ◽  
Kohei Nishitani ◽  
Motoo Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Atp Depletion ◽  
Knee Joints ◽  
Cellular Protection ◽  
Monosodium Iodoacetate

AbstractCurrently there is no effective treatment available for osteoarthritis (OA). We have recently developed Kyoto University Substances (KUSs), ATPase inhibitors specific for valosin-containing protein (VCP), as a novel class of medicine for cellular protection. KUSs suppressed intracellular ATP depletion, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and cell death. In this study, we investigated the effects of KUS121 on chondrocyte cell death. In cultured chondrocytes differentiated from ATDC5 cells, KUS121 suppressed the decline in ATP levels and apoptotic cell death under stress conditions induced by TNFα. KUS121 ameliorated TNFα-induced reduction of gene expression in chondrocytes, such as Sox9 and Col2α. KUS121 also suppressed ER stress and cell death in chondrocytes under tunicamycin load. Furthermore, intraperitoneal administration of KUS121 in vivo suppressed chondrocyte loss and proteoglycan reduction in knee joints of a monosodium iodoacetate-induced OA rat model. Moreover, intra-articular administration of KUS121 more prominently reduced the apoptosis of the affected chondrocytes. These results demonstrate that KUS121 protects chondrocytes from stress-induced cell death in vitro and in vivo, and indicate that KUS121 is a promising novel therapeutic agent to prevent the progression of OA.

scholarly journals Establishment of a New Device for Electrical Stimulation of Non-Degenerative Cartilage Cells In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Simone Krueger ◽  
Alexander Riess ◽  
Anika Jonitz-Heincke ◽  
Alina Weizel ◽  
Anika Seyfarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Type I ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
New Device ◽  
Alternating Electric Fields ◽  
Cartilage Cells ◽  
Stimulation Of

In cell-based therapies for cartilage lesions, the main problem is still the formation of fibrous cartilage, caused by underlying de-differentiation processes ex vivo. Biophysical stimulation is a promising approach to optimize cell-based procedures and to adapt them more closely to physiological conditions. The occurrence of mechano-electrical transduction phenomena within cartilage tissue is physiological and based on streaming and diffusion potentials. The application of exogenous electric fields can be used to mimic endogenous fields and, thus, support the differentiation of chondrocytes in vitro. For this purpose, we have developed a new device for electrical stimulation of chondrocytes, which operates on the basis of capacitive coupling of alternating electric fields. The reusable and sterilizable stimulation device allows the simultaneous use of 12 cavities with independently applicable fields using only one main supply. The first parameter settings for the stimulation of human non-degenerative chondrocytes, seeded on collagen type I elastin-based scaffolds, were derived from numerical electric field simulations. Our first results suggest that applied alternating electric fields induce chondrogenic re-differentiation at the gene and especially at the protein level of human de-differentiated chondrocytes in a frequency-dependent manner. In future studies, further parameter optimizations will be performed to improve the differentiation capacity of human cartilage cells.

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