scholarly journals Getting ahead of the curve: cities as surrogates for global change

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1882) ◽  
pp. 20180643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor C. Lahr ◽  
Robert R. Dunn ◽  
Steven D. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
The Future ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Global Change Scenarios

Urbanization represents an unintentional global experiment that can provide insights into how species will respond and interact under future global change scenarios. Cities produce many conditions that are predicted to occur widely in the future, such as warmer temperatures, higher carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations and exacerbated droughts. In using cities as surrogates for global change, it is challenging to disentangle climate variables—such as temperature—from co-occurring or confounding urban variables—such as impervious surface—and then to understand the interactive effects of multiple climate variables on both individual species and species interactions. However, such interactions are also difficult to replicate experimentally, and thus the challenges of cities are also their unique advantage. Here, we review insights gained from cities, with a focus on plants and arthropods, and how urban findings agree or disagree with experimental predictions and historical data. We discuss the types of hypotheses that can be best tested in cities, caveats to urban research and how to further validate cities as surrogates for global change. Lastly, we summarize how to achieve the goal of using urban species responses to predict broader regional- and ecosystem-level patterns in the future.

scholarly journals Integrated assessment of future potential global change scenarios and their hydrological impacts in coastal aquifers – a new tool to analyse management alternatives in the Plana Oropesa-Torreblanca aquifer

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 3053-3074 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pulido-Velazquez ◽  
Arianna Renau-Pruñonosa ◽  
Carlos Llopis-Albert ◽  
Ignacio Morell ◽  
Antonio-Juan Collados-Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Lulc Changes ◽  
Hydrological Impacts ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Global Change Scenarios ◽  
Rainfall Recharge

Abstract. Any change in the components of the water balance in a coastal aquifer, whether natural or anthropogenic, can alter the freshwater–salt water equilibrium. In this sense climate change (CC) and land use and land cover (LULC) change might significantly influence the availability of groundwater resources in the future. These coastal systems demand an integrated analysis of quantity and quality issues to obtain an appropriate assessment of hydrological impacts using density-dependent flow solutions. The aim of this work is to perform an integrated analysis of future potential global change (GC) scenarios and their hydrological impacts in a coastal aquifer, the Plana Oropesa-Torreblanca aquifer. It is a Mediterranean aquifer that extends over 75 km2 in which important historical LULC changes have been produced and are planned for the future. Future CC scenarios will be defined by using an equi-feasible and non-feasible ensemble of projections based on the results of a multi-criteria analysis of the series generated from several regional climatic models with different downscaling approaches. The hydrological impacts of these CC scenarios combined with future LULC scenarios will be assessed with a chain of models defined by a sequential coupling of rainfall-recharge models, crop irrigation requirements and irrigation return models (for the aquifer and its neighbours that feed it), and a density-dependent aquifer approach. This chain of models, calibrated using the available historical data, allow testing of the conceptual approximation of the aquifer behaviour. They are also fed with series representatives of potential global change scenarios in order to perform a sensitivity analysis regarding future scenarios of rainfall recharge, lateral flows coming from the hydraulically connected neighbouring aquifer, agricultural recharge (taking into account expected future LULC changes) and sea level rise (SLR). The proposed analysis is valuable for improving our knowledge about the aquifer, and so comprises a tool to design sustainable adaptation management strategies taking into account the uncertainty in future GC conditions and their impacts. The results show that GC scenarios produce significant increases in the variability of flow budget components and in the salinity.

scholarly journals Integrated assessment of future potential global change scenarios and their hydrological impacts in coastal aquifers. A new tool to analyse management alternatives under uncertainty in the Plana Oropesa-Torreblanca aquifer

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pulido-Velazquez ◽  
Arianna Renau-Pruñonosa ◽  
Carlos Llopis-Albert ◽  
Ignacio Morell ◽  
Antonio-Juan Collados-Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Coastal Aquifer ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Lulc Changes ◽  
Hydrological Impacts ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Global Change Scenarios ◽  
Rainfall Recharge

Abstract. Any change in the components of the water balance in a coastal aquifer, whether natural or anthropogenic, can alter the fresh water-salt water equilibrium. In this sense Climate change (CC) and Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) change might significantly influence the availability of groundwater resources in the future. These coastal systems demand an integrated analysis of quantity and quality issues to obtain an appropriate assessment of hydrological impacts using density-dependent flow solutions. The aim of this work is to perform an integrated analysis of future potential global change scenarios and their hydrological impacts in a coastal aquifer, the Plana Oropesa-Torreblanca aquifer. It is a Mediterranean aquifer that extends over a 75 km2 in which important historical LULC changes have been produced and are planned for the future. Future CC scenarios will be defined by using equi-feasible and non-feasible ensemble of projections based on the results of a multi-criteria analysis of the series generated from several Regional Climatic Models with different downscaling approaches. The hydrological impacts of these CC scenarios combined with future LULC scenarios will be assessed with a chain of models defined by a sequential coupling of rainfall-recharge models, crop irrigations requirements and irrigation returns models (for the aquifer and its neighbours that feeds it), and a density dependent aquifer approach. This chain of models, calibrated using the available historical data, allow testing the conceptual approximation of the aquifer behaviour. They are also fed with series representatives of potential GC scenarios in order to perform a sensitivity analysis regarding future scenarios of rainfall recharge, lateral flows of the hydraulically-connected neighbouring aquifer, agricultural recharge (taking into account expected future LULC changes) and Sea Level Rise (SLR). The proposed analysis is valuable to improve our knowledge about the aquifer and so comprise a tool to design sustainable adaptation management strategies taking into account the uncertainty in future global change conditions and their impacts. The results show that CC and LULC scenarios produce significant increase in the variability of flow budget components and in the chloride salinity concentration. They also show a low sensitivity to the SLR scenarios, especially in terms of hydraulic head.

scholarly journals Museum specimens provide novel insights into changing plant–herbivore interactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 374 (1763) ◽  
pp. 20170393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily K. Meineke ◽  
T. Jonathan Davies
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Museum Specimens ◽  
Proximate Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
Herbivore Interactions ◽  
Plant Herbivore

Mounting evidence shows that species interactions may mediate how individual species respond to climate change. However, long-term anthropogenic effects on species interactions are poorly characterized owing to a lack of data. Insect herbivory is a major ecological process that represents the interaction between insect herbivores and their host plants, but historical data on insect damage to plants is particularly sparse. Here, we suggest that museum collections of insects and plants can fill key gaps in our knowledge on changing trophic interactions, including proximate mechanisms and the net outcomes of multiple global change drivers across diverse insect herbivore–plant associations. We outline theory on how global change may affect herbivores and their host plants and highlight the unique data that could be extracted from museum specimens to explore their shifting interactions. We aim to provide a framework for using museum specimens to explore how some of the most diverse co-evolved relationships are responding to climate and land use change. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Biological collections for understanding biodiversity in the Anthropocene’.

scholarly journals MEMBUMIKAN DYNAMIC GOVERNANCE DALAM MENINGKATKAN PROFESIONALISME MANAJEMEN PENYELENGGARAAN HAJI

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Bayu Mitra Adhyatma Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Future ◽  
Descriptive Approach

The purpose of this research is to contribute initiative ideas to improve the hajj management professionalism through dynamic governance. This research uses qualitative type with descriptive approach. The research results with concern to the culture and capability of the Ministry of Religious Affairs formulate that thinking ahead can be executed by analyzing and projecting what will be facing in 10 or 20 years into the future based on the tendency toward national and global change, political constellation, and socio-economic of the community. Thinking again can be done by reviewing again whether policies, strategies and programs that are running are appropriate and able to meet the needs of pilgrims. And Thinking across, can be applied by learning from the experiences of other countries that also regulates the organization of the Hajj.

scholarly journals Democratic ideals and the Nigerian state: what hope for the future

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Tamunosiki V. Ogan
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Internal Colonialism ◽  
The Core ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Political Tension ◽  
The Future ◽  
Practice Standard ◽  
Democratic Ideals

An analysis of the principles of democracy was carried out. The objective was to delineate the extent to which the Nigerian state is democratic and how its current democratic ideals could impact on its future existence as a state. The method adopted for the study was that of content analysis, which involved conceptual and historical analyses of textual data. It was discovered from historical data that the Nigerian state runs a system of government, which promotes internal colonialism of the minority groups by the major ones. This political imbalance was shown to create social and political tension, where the peripheral groups were hostile to the core regions. It was recommended in the study that if the Nigerian state is to subsist in the future, then it has to restructure its political institutions to promote true federalism as well as imbibe and practice standard democratic ideals.Keywords: Democratic ideal, Nigeria, Hope, Future

scholarly journals ANALISA TINGKAT KESEHATAN KEUANGAN PT. BANK PERKREDITAN RAKYAT (BPR) BATANG PALANGKI

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shintia Mustika ◽  
Doni Marlius
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Financial Health ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Capital Assets ◽  
Health Level ◽  
The Future ◽  
Financial Soundness

Bank are financial institutions that play a role in supporting economic development in a region, where the activitiesof raising funds and channeling funds in the form of loans or lending is a from of money circulation to stabilize the economy. The purpose of this study was to conduct an analysis of the level of bank financial health of the PT. Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) Batang Palangki, for the years 2014-2018. Historical data is taken from bank financial reports that have been published. Analysis of bank financial soundness using the CAMEL method (Capital, Assets, Management, Earning, Liquidity). The results showed that the 2014-2018 PT. BPR Batang Palangki financial health level showed a healthy category, where the average value of the CAR ratio was 28,66%, the KAP ratio was 1,15%, the NPM ratio was 24,88%, the ROA ratio was 3,38%, BOPO ratio of 74,83%, and LDR ratio of 56,30%. It is expected that in the in the future BPR Batang Palangki can continue to maintained according to the provisions that apply.

scholarly journals Species interactions in three Lemnaceae species growing along a gradient of zinc pollution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Lanthemann ◽  
Sofia van Moorsel
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Species Mixture ◽  
The Individual

Duckweeds (Lemnaceae) are increasingly studied for their potential for phytoremediation of heavy-metal polluted water bodies. A prerequisite for metal removal, however, is the tolerance of the organism to the pollutant, e.g., the metal zinc (Zn). Duckweeds have been shown to differ in their tolerances to Zn, however, despite them most commonly co-occurring with other species, there is a lack of research concerning the effect of species interactions on Zn tolerance. Here we tested whether the presence of a second species influenced the growth rate of the three duckweed species Lemna minor, Lemna gibba, and Lemna turionifera. We used four different Zn concentrations in a replicated microcosm experiment under sterile conditions, either growing the species in isolation or in a 2-species mixture. The response to Zn differed between species, but all three species showed a high tolerance to Zn, with low levels of Zn even increasing the growth rates. The growth rates of the individual species were influenced by the identity of the competing species, but this was independent of the Zn concentration. Our results suggest that species interactions should be considered in future research with duckweeds and that several duckweed species have high tolerance to metal pollution, making them candidates for phytoremediation efforts.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document