scholarly journals Impact of the Diamond Light Source on research in Earth and environmental sciences: current work and future perspectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 373 (2036) ◽  
pp. 20130151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian T. Burke ◽  
J. Frederick W. Mosselmans ◽  
Samuel Shaw ◽  
Caroline L. Peacock ◽  
Liane G. Benning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
10Th Anniversary ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Interface Reactions ◽  
The Earth ◽  
A Company

Diamond Light Source Ltd celebrated its 10th anniversary as a company in December 2012 and has now accepted user experiments for over 5 years. This paper describes the current facilities available at Diamond and future developments that enhance its capacities with respect to the Earth and environmental sciences. A review of relevant research conducted at Diamond thus far is provided. This highlights how synchrotron-based studies have brought about important advances in our understanding of the fundamental parameters controlling highly complex mineral–fluid–microbe interface reactions in the natural environment. This new knowledge not only enhances our understanding of global biogeochemical processes, but also provides the opportunity for interventions to be designed for environmental remediation and beneficial use.

scholarly journals Recent advances on biomass-fueled microbial fuel cell

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamile Mohammadi Moradian ◽  
Zhen Fang ◽  
Yang-Chun Yong
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
The Earth

AbstractBiomass is one of the most abundant renewable energy resources on the earth, which is also considered as one of the most promising alternatives to traditional fuel energy. In recent years, microbial fuel cell (MFC) which can directly convert the chemical energy from organic compounds into electric energy has been developed. By using MFC, biomass energy could be directly harvested with the form of electricity, the most convenient, wide-spread, and clean energy. Therefore, MFC was considered as another promising way to harness the sustainable energies in biomass and added new dimension to the biomass energy industry. In this review, the pretreatment methods for biomass towards electricity harvesting with MFC, and the microorganisms utilized in biomass-fueled MFC were summarized. Further, strategies for improving the performance of biomass-fueled MFC as well as future perspectives were highlighted.

INFLUENCE OF MAGNETIC CHARGE ON THE SAGNAC EFFECT IN THE BARDEEN SPACETIME

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
R.KH. KARIMOV ◽  
◽  
K.K. NANDI ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Magnetic Charge ◽  
Sagnac Effect ◽  
Modified Theories Of Gravity ◽  
Circular Orbits ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Astrophysical Objects ◽  
Interesting Task ◽  
Theories Of Gravity

This paper investigates one of the most interesting effects associated with the rotation of astrophysical objects (the Sagnac effect). The effect was first confirmed in laboratory experiments by Georges Sagnac with a rotating ring interferometer in 1913. Later, the effect was also confirmed within the framework of the Earth in the "Around-the-World" experiment conducted by J. Hafele and R. Kitting, in which they twice circled the Earth with an atomic cesium clock on board and compared the "flying" clock with those remaining static on the Earth. As a result, a non-zero difference in the clock rate was found as a confirmation of the Sagnac effect. Subsequently, more precise satellite experiments have been carried out to measure the Sagnac effect within the Earth. The effect was also considered in general relativity and modified theories of gravity, where many works were carried out to study the influence of such parameters as angular momentum, cosmological constant, Ricci scalar, etc. on the Sagnac effect. An interesting task is to study the influence of a magnetic charge on the effect, since the solution with rotation described by a black hole with mass M and magnetic charge g is the Bardeen nonsingular black hole. The work will calculate the Sagnac effect in the space-time of the rotating Bardeen black hole for both geodesic and non-geodesic circular orbits of the light source / receiver (assuming that the light source and receiver are defined at the same point). Two types of circular orbits describe the opposing influence on the Sagnac effect: the Sagnac delay increases with an increase in the magnetic charge in the case of non-geodesic circular orbits and decreases in the case of geodesic circular orbits. However, the farther is the orbit of the light source / receiver, the less the magnetic charge affects the Sagnac delay. It is also assumed that the gravity of the Earth and the Sun near the surface is well described by the Bardeen metric.

scholarly journals NSF Grant: AGU and Partners Aim at Gender Issues in Geosciences

Eos ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy Williams
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
Earth Space ◽  
The Earth

Funding through July 2021 supports a project in the Earth, space, and environmental sciences to promote gender equity and train scientists to recognize and counteract sexual harassment.

scholarly journals Geomagnetism, volcanoes, global climate change, and predictability. A progress report

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (5 Sup.) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Gregori
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Data Handling ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Proxy Data ◽  
Interstellar Clouds ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Glacier Melting

A model is investigated, by which the encounters of the solar system with dense interstellar clouds ought to trigger either geomagnetic field reversals or excursions, that produce extra electric currents within the Earth dynamo, that cause extra Joule's heating, that supplies volcanoes and endogenous processes. Volcanoes increase the Earth degassing into the atmosphere, hence the concentration of the minor atmospheric constituents, including the greenhouse gases, hence they affect climate temperature, glacier melting, sea level and global change. This investigation implies both theoretical studies and observational data handling on different time scales, including present day phenomena, instrumental data series, historical records, proxy data, and geological and palaeontological evidences. The state of the art is briefly outlined, mentioning some already completed achievements, investigations in progress, and future perspectives.

scholarly journals Methods to Test the “Dimming Effect” Produced by a Decrease in the Number of Photons Received from Receding Light Sources

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Zilberman
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Ecliptic Plane ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Decimal Point ◽  
Relativistic Systems ◽  
The Earth ◽  
New Models ◽  
Direction Opposite

The hypothetical “Dimming Effect” describes the change of the number of photons arriving from a moving light source per unit of time. In non-relativistic systems, the “Dimming effect” may occur due to the growing distance of light sources moving away from the receiver. This means that due to the growing distance, the photons continuously require more time to reach the receiver, which reduces the number of received photons per time unit compared to the number of emitted photons. Understandably, the proposed “Dimming effect” must be tested (confirmed or rejected) through observations. a. This article provides the formula for the calculation of “Dimming effect” values using the redshift parameter Z widely used in astronomy. b. The “Dimming effect” can possibly be detected utilizing the orbital movement of the Earth around the Sun. In accordance to the “Dimming effect”, observers on Earth will view 1.0001 more photons per time unit emitted by stars located near the ecliptic plane in the direction of the Earth orbiting the Sun. And, in contrast, observers will view only 0.9999 photons per time unit emitted by stars located near the ecliptic plane in the direction opposite to the Earth orbiting the Sun. Calculating precise measurements of the same stars within a 6-month period can possibly detect this difference. These changes in brightness are not only for specific stars, as the change in brightness takes place for all stars near the ecliptic in the direction of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun and in the opposite direction. c. The “Dimming effect” can possibly be detected in a physics laboratory using a moving light source (or mirror) and photon counters located in the direction of travel and in the opposite direction. d. In theory, Dilation of time can also be used for testing the existence of the “Dimming effect.” However, in experiments on Earth this effect appears in only the 14th digit after the decimal point and testing does not appear to be feasible. e. Why is it important to test the “Dimming effect?” If confirmed, it would allow astronomers to adjust values of "Standard Candles" used in astronomy. Since “Standard Candles” are critical in various cosmological models, the “Dimming effect” can correct models and/or reveal and support new models. If it is proved that the “Dimming effect” does not exist, it will mean that the number of photons arriving per unit of time does not depend on the speed of the light source and observer, which is not so apparent.

scholarly journals Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy for Determination of Spectral Fundamental Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 4973
Author(s):  
Sabrina Messaoud Aberkane ◽  
Ali Safi ◽  
Asia Botto ◽  
Beatrice Campanella ◽  
Stefano Legnaioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Oscillator Strengths ◽  
Stark Broadening ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Fundamental Parameters ◽  
Breakdown Spectroscopy ◽  
Laser Induced Breakdown ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Analytical Approaches

In this review, we report and critically discuss the application of LIBS for the determination of plasma-emission fundamental parameters, such as transition probabilities, oscillator strengths, Stark broadening and shifts, of the emission lines in the spectrum. The knowledge of these parameters is of paramount importance for plasma diagnostics or for quantitative analysis using calibration-free LIBS methods. In the first part, the theoretical basis of the analysis is laid down; in the second part, the main experimental and analytical approaches for the determination by LIBS of the spectral line spectroscopic parameters are presented. In the conclusion, the future perspectives of this kind of analysis are discussed.

scholarly journals The disconnect between researcher ambitions and reality in achieving impact in the Earth & Environmental Sciences – narrowing the gap

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Andrew Kelly ◽  
Victoria Gardner ◽  
Anna Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Real World ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
Global Society ◽  
Research Journal ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Research Endeavour ◽  
Real World Problems

Background: There is an increasing desire for research to provide solutions to the grand challenges facing our global society, such as those expressed in the UN SDGs (“real-world impact”). Herein, we consider whether the frameworks that underpin the research endeavour are appropriately oriented to support these aspirations and maximize the capability of research to achieve these goals. Methods: We conducted a survey of authors who had published in >100 of our Earth & Environmental Science journals. The survey was sent to just under 60,000 authors and we received 2,695 responses (4% response rate).   Results: Respondents indicated that the majority of their research in the Earth & Environmental Sciences is currently concerned with addressing urgent global needs or that this will become a priority in the future; however, the impetus seems to be altruistic researcher desire, rather than incentives or support from publishers, funders, or their institutions. Indeed, when contextualised within other forms of impact, respondents indicated that citations or downloads were more important to them than contributing to tackling real-world problems. Herein, we analyse survey feedback, suggest the presence of a misalignment between researcher ambition and current realities, and discuss the role and value of the research journal in forming new connections for their researchers, both within and without academia. Conclusions: At present, it seems that this laudable ambition of achieving real-world impact is seemingly being lost amidst the realities of being a researcher. We offer for comment a series of suggestions, with the aim of simulating discussion and collective action to tackle these challenges as a community.

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