scholarly journals Passive, continuous monitoring of carbon dioxide geostorage using muon tomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 377 (2137) ◽  
pp. 20180059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Gluyas ◽  
Lee Thompson ◽  
Dave Allen ◽  
Charlotte Benton ◽  
Paula Chadwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Monitoring Method ◽  
Muon Tomography

Carbon capture and storage is a transition technology from a past and present fuelled by coal, oil and gas and a planned future dominated by renewable energy sources. The technology involves the capture of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel power stations and other point sources, compression of the CO 2 into a fluid, transporting it and injecting it deep beneath the Earth's surface into depleted petroleum reservoirs and other porous formations. Once injected, the CO 2 must be monitored to ensure that it is emplaced and assimilated as planned and that none leaks back to surface. A variety of methods have been deployed to monitor the CO 2 storage site and many such methods have been adapted from oilfield practice. However, such methods are commonly indirect, episodic, require active signal generation and remain expensive throughout the monitoring period that may last for hundreds of years. A modelling framework was developed to concurrently simulate CO 2 geostorage conditions and background cosmic-ray muon tomography, in which the potential was assessed for using variations in muon attenuation, due to changes in CO 2 abundance, as a means of CO 2 detection. From this, we developed a passive, continuous monitoring method for CO 2 storage sites using muon tomography, the tools for which can be deployed during the active drilling phase (development) of the storage site. To do this, it was necessary to develop a muon detector that could be used in the hostile environment (saline, high temperature) of the well bore. A prototype detector has been built and tested at the 1.1 km deep Boulby potash mine on the northeast coast of England, supported by the existing STFC Boulby Underground Laboratory on the site. The detector is now ready to be commercialized. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Cosmic-ray muography’.

A review on materials and processes for carbon dioxide separation and capture

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2110509
Author(s):  
R Maniarasu ◽  
Sushil Kumar Rathore ◽  
S. Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Storage

In today’s world, owing to industrial expansion, urbanization, the rapid growth of the human population, and the high standard of living, the utilization of the most advanced technologies is unavoidable. The enhanced anthropogenic activities worldwide result in a continuous increase in global warming potential, thereby raising a global concern. The constant rise in global warming potential forces the world to mitigate greenhouse gases, particularly carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is considered as the primary contributor responsible for global warming and climatic changes. The global anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions released into the atmosphere can eventually deteriorate the environment and endanger the ecosystem. Combating global warming is one of the main challenges in achieving sustainable development. Carbon capture and storage is a potential solution to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions. There are three main methods for carbon capture and storage: post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-fuel combustion. Among them, post-combustion is used in thermal power plants and industrial sectors, all of which contribute a significant amount of carbon dioxide. Different techniques such as physical and chemical absorption, physical and chemical adsorption, membrane separation, and cryogenic distillation used for carbon capture are thoroughly discussed and presented. Currently, there are various materials including absorbents, adsorbents, and membranes used in carbon dioxide capture. Still, there is a search for new and novel materials and processes for separating and capturing carbon dioxide. This review article provides a comprehensive review of different methods, techniques, materials, and processes used for separating and capturing carbon dioxide from significant stationary point sources.

scholarly journals Capture, Storage and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide by Microalgae and Production of Biomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 574-586
Author(s):  
Marta Bertolini ◽  
Fosca Conti
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Operative Strategies

Abstract Carbon dioxide emissions are strongly related to climate change and increase of global temperature. Whilst a complete change in producing materials and energy and in traffic and transportation systems is already in progress and circular economy concepts are on working, Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU) represent technically practicable operative strategies. Both technologies have main challenges related to high costs, so that further advanced research is required to obtain feasible options. In this article, the focus is mainly on CCU using microalgae that are able to use CO2 as building block for value-added products such as biofuels, EPS (Extracellular Polymeric Substances), biomaterials and electricity. The results of three strains (UTEX 90, CC 2656, and CC 1010) of the microalgal organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are discussed. The results about ideal culture conditions suggest incubation temperature of 30 °C, pH between 6.5 and 7.0, concentrations of acetate between 1.6 and 2.3 g L–1 and of ammonium chloride between 0.1 and 0.5 g L–1, the addition of glucose This green microalga is a valid model system to optimize the production of biomass, carbohydrates and lipids.

scholarly journals Implementing Agricultural Pruning to Energy in Europe: Technical, Economic and Implementation Potentials

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Dyjakon ◽  
Daniel García-Galindo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Technical Potential

The use of new sources of biomass residues for energy purposes in Europe is crucial for increasing the share of renewable energy sources and the limitation of carbon dioxide emissions. The residues coming from regular pruning of permanent crops are an alternative to conventional fuels. The paper is focused on the assessment of European pruning potentials in European Union (EU28) in line with the nomenclature of territorial units (NUTs) at NUTs0, NUTs2 and NUTs3 level. The assessment indicates that the yearly theoretical and technical potential of that biomass is 13.67 MtDM (or 252.0 PJ·yr−1) and 12.51 MtDM (or 230.6 PJ·yr−1), respectively. The economic potential has been assessed based on different management or exploitation models: management of pruning as a waste, self-consumption, and demand-driven mobilisation by consumption centres at small, medium and large scales. The utilisation of pruning when gathering is compulsory coincides with the technical potential. Under self-consumption, up to 10.98 MtDM per year could be effectively mobilised (202.3 PJ·yr−1). The creation of new value chains for delivery of pruning biomass ranges 7.30 to 8.69 MtDM per year (from 134.5 to 160.2 PJ·yr−1). When applying further constraints related to other existing uses the implementation of the potential further descends, ranging from 6.18 to 10.66 MtDM per year (from 113.9 to 196.4 PJ·yr−1). The analysis shows that the amount of available pruning residues is regionally scattered; however, most of them (ca. 80%) are located in the Mediterranean area.

Technical and Economic Aspects of Carbon Capture an Storage — A Review

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Havva Balat ◽  
Cahide Öz
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Ccs Technologies ◽  
And Storage

This article deals with review of technical and economic aspects of Carbon Capture and Storage. Since the late 1980s a new concept is being developed which enables to make use of fossil fuels with a considerably reduced emission of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. The concept is often called ‘Carbon Capture and Storage’ (CCS). CCS technologies are receiving increasing attention, mainly for their potential contribution to the optimal mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions that is intended to avoid future, dangerous climate change. CCS technologies attract a lot of attention because they could allow “to reduce our carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere whilst continuing to use fossil fuels”. CCS is not a completely new technology, e.g., the United States alone is sequestering about 8.5 MtC for enhanced oil recovery each year. Today, CCS technologies are widely recognised as an important means of progress in industrialized countries.

scholarly journals Role of Microalgae in Global CO2 Sequestration: Physiological Mechanism, Recent Development, Challenges, and Future Prospective

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13061
Author(s):  
Ravindra Prasad ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Gupta ◽  
Nisha Shabnam ◽  
Carlos Yure B. Oliveira ◽  
Arvind Kumar Nema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase

The rising concentration of global atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has severely affected our planet’s homeostasis. Efforts are being made worldwide to curb carbon dioxide emissions, but there is still no strategy or technology available to date that is widely accepted. Two basic strategies are employed for reducing CO2 emissions, viz. (i) a decrease in fossil fuel use, and increased use of renewable energy sources; and (ii) carbon sequestration by various biological, chemical, or physical methods. This review has explored microalgae’s role in carbon sequestration, the physiological apparatus, with special emphasis on the carbon concentration mechanism (CCM). A CCM is a specialized mechanism of microalgae. In this process, a sub-cellular organelle known as pyrenoid, containing a high concentration of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco), helps in the fixation of CO2. One type of carbon concentration mechanism in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the association of pyrenoid tubules with thylakoids membrane is represented through a typical graphical model. Various environmental factors influencing carbon sequestration in microalgae and associated techno-economic challenges are analyzed critically.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF THE RES MICROINSTALLATIONS IN SINGLE-FAMILY HOUSES ON CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION REDUCTION

2018 ◽  
Vol XX (5) ◽  
pp. 193-199
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Siudek ◽  
Anna M. Klepacka
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Average Area ◽  
Family Housing ◽  
Annual Reduction

The article is an attempt to estimate the potential of reduction carbon dioxide emissions using microinstallation of renewable energy sources (RES) in single-family housing. Based on the energy demand of the building, statistical data including the average number of single-family buildings built per year and the average area of a single-family building, the forecasted national annual reduction of carbon dioxide emissions resulting from the implementation of microinstallations in single-family buildings was calculated. The research results indicated an annual reduction of carbon dioxide emissions resulting from the use of selected RES microinstallations only in the single-family housing sector at the level of 230,000 t/year.

Summary—What Should Be Done?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rez
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Reduce Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electrical Demand ◽  
Base Load

Energy policy should start with an analysis of what physics and engineering say is possible, followed by an analysis of economics, and not be driven by mandates that favour renewable energy sources. In practice, it is very hard to make renewables such as solar and wind work, owing to their intermittency, and so widespread adoption might not lead to any reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, as demonstrated by the German ‘Energiewende’. To reduce carbon dioxide emissions, all base load electrical demand should be generated by nuclear power, as in France. To cut down on energy requirements, industrial countries should transition from a ‘throwaway society’ to a ‘repair’ society, and people should cut down on travel and meat consumption.

scholarly journals Interactions between reducing CO 2 emissions, CO 2 removal and solar radiation management

2012 ◽  
Vol 370 (1974) ◽  
pp. 4343-4364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi E. Vaughan ◽  
Timothy M. Lenton
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Solar Radiation Management ◽  
Radiation Management ◽  
And Storage

We use a simple carbon cycle–climate model to investigate the interactions between a selection of idealized scenarios of mitigated carbon dioxide emissions, carbon dioxide removal (CDR) and solar radiation management (SRM). Two CO 2 emissions trajectories differ by a 15-year delay in the start of mitigation activity. SRM is modelled as a reduction in incoming solar radiation that fully compensates the radiative forcing due to changes in atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Two CDR scenarios remove 300 PgC by afforestation (added to vegetation and soil) or 1000 PgC by bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (removed from system). Our results show that delaying the start of mitigation activity could be very costly in terms of the CDR activity needed later to limit atmospheric CO 2 concentration (and corresponding global warming) to a given level. Avoiding a 15-year delay in the start of mitigation activity is more effective at reducing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations than all but the maximum type of CDR interventions. The effects of applying SRM and CDR together are additive, and this shows most clearly for atmospheric CO 2 concentration. SRM causes a significant reduction in atmospheric CO 2 concentration due to increased carbon storage by the terrestrial biosphere, especially soils. However, SRM has to be maintained for many centuries to avoid rapid increases in temperature and corresponding increases in atmospheric CO 2 concentration due to loss of carbon from the land.

scholarly journals Reducing Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Electricity Sector Using Smart Electric Grid Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lamiaa Abdallah ◽  
Tarek El-Shennawy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Steam Turbines ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Electric Grid ◽  
Transmission And Distribution

Approximately 40% of global CO2emissions are emitted from electricity generation through the combustion of fossil fuels to generate heat needed to power steam turbines. Burning these fuels results in the production of carbon dioxide (CO2)—the primary heat-trapping, “greenhouse gas” responsible for global warming. Applying smart electric grid technologies can potentially reduce CO2emissions. Electric grid comprises three major sectors: generation, transmission and distribution grid, and consumption. Smart generation includes the use of renewable energy sources (wind, solar, or hydropower). Smart transmission and distribution relies on optimizing the existing assets of overhead transmission lines, underground cables, transformers, and substations such that minimum generating capacities are required in the future. Smart consumption will depend on the use of more efficient equipment like energy-saving lighting lamps, enabling smart homes and hybrid plug-in electric vehicles technologies. A special interest is given to the Egyptian case study. Main opportunities for Egypt include generating electricity from wind and solar energy sources and its geographical location that makes it a perfect center for interconnecting electrical systems from the Nile basin, North Africa, Gulf, and Europe. Challenges include shortage of investments, absence of political will, aging of transmission and distribution infrastructure, and lack of consumer awareness for power utilization.

scholarly journals An outline economic strategy for Indonesia to sustainably meet its electricity and carbon emissions targets

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Les Duckers ◽  
Uswatun Hasanah
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Economic Strategy ◽  
Electrical Generation

Aim:  In this paper we demonstrate an outline strategy for Indonesia to move its electrical generation from fossil fuels to renewable sources in order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions whilst avoiding excessive costs. The modelling here is based on assumed present fossil fuel generating plants.Design / Research methods:  We have modelled a representative electrical generation system based on burning coal, oil and gas, and by replacing retiring stations with photovoltaic cells and wind turbines we have considered the cost and carbon dioxide implications over a 30 year period. Additionally the modelling is extended to increasing the Indonesian installed electrical capacity.Conclusions / findings:  The results show that Indonesia could meet its carbon dioxide emission reduction targets in an economic way by a phased strategy of introducing renewable energy sources. These results are preliminary and will be refined in a future article where we will include the detail of actual existing power stations, with their capacity and anticipated end of life date.Originality / values of the article: There has been, and continues to be, a general resistance to the adoption of renewable energy. This paper shows  the economic benefit that accompanies carbon dioxide reduction thus presents a new aspect to the consideration of carbon reduction, Implications of the research:Indonesia faces difficulties in providing electricity whilst meeting its climate change obligations. This research points to a viable economic strategy which may not only meet those obligations, but actually increase electrical provision across the country.Key words:  Sustainable development, climate change, carbon emissions, renewable energy JEL: C51,L94,Q01,Q42 Doi:

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document