scholarly journals Implementing Agricultural Pruning to Energy in Europe: Technical, Economic and Implementation Potentials

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Dyjakon ◽  
Daniel García-Galindo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Technical Potential

The use of new sources of biomass residues for energy purposes in Europe is crucial for increasing the share of renewable energy sources and the limitation of carbon dioxide emissions. The residues coming from regular pruning of permanent crops are an alternative to conventional fuels. The paper is focused on the assessment of European pruning potentials in European Union (EU28) in line with the nomenclature of territorial units (NUTs) at NUTs0, NUTs2 and NUTs3 level. The assessment indicates that the yearly theoretical and technical potential of that biomass is 13.67 MtDM (or 252.0 PJ·yr−1) and 12.51 MtDM (or 230.6 PJ·yr−1), respectively. The economic potential has been assessed based on different management or exploitation models: management of pruning as a waste, self-consumption, and demand-driven mobilisation by consumption centres at small, medium and large scales. The utilisation of pruning when gathering is compulsory coincides with the technical potential. Under self-consumption, up to 10.98 MtDM per year could be effectively mobilised (202.3 PJ·yr−1). The creation of new value chains for delivery of pruning biomass ranges 7.30 to 8.69 MtDM per year (from 134.5 to 160.2 PJ·yr−1). When applying further constraints related to other existing uses the implementation of the potential further descends, ranging from 6.18 to 10.66 MtDM per year (from 113.9 to 196.4 PJ·yr−1). The analysis shows that the amount of available pruning residues is regionally scattered; however, most of them (ca. 80%) are located in the Mediterranean area.

Wind is an alternative source of energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
J. S. Gribach ◽  
O. O. Egorychev ◽  
E. V. Kurguzova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Energy Sources

Introduction: today, one of the most important problems of the world economy is a limited amount of traditional fuels, due to the consumption of which the needs of humanity for energy are being met. The chapter “Introduction” contains the definition of the term “alternative energy”, which is a set of ways to generate energy when using renewable energy sources. This chapter presents the need to search for renewable energy sources that will increase the ecological potential of the territories, as well as the energy and economic component. The prospects for the use of renewable energy sources have been highlighted, among which one of the most common alternative energy sources is wind. Methods: the chapter “Methods” describes the principles of operation of wind turbines. This chapter describes in detail the process of converting wind energy into mechanical energy. Also in the chapter “Methods” is a classification of existing installations along the axis of rotation with a description of the operation of each of them and highlighted four main ways to transfer wind power to the consumer. Results and discussions: the chapter “Results and Discussions” contains information on the economic benefits of using wind turbines in Russia, as well as a list of favorable regions for the creation of wind power stations. The structure of this chapter includes information on the environmental feasibility of the use of wind power plants, since wind generators compensate for carbon dioxide emissions. Conclusion: in the “Conclusion” presents conclusions that allow you to determine the positive aspects of the use of wind turbines, which include environmental friendliness, efficiency and affordability. It should be emphasized that the wind generator compensates for carbon dioxide emissions associated with its production, so that the use of this type of installation will create the most clean environment.

scholarly journals Determinants of CO2 emissions in the ASEAN Economies: The Role of Renewable and Non-renewable Energy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Tabish Nawab ◽  
Muhammad Faizan Aamir
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
The Government

According to the literature of energy-growth-environment, a numeral of studies aims to recognize the factors of CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions resulting from significant increases in CO2 emissions in recent decades. The selection of data is the main criticism connected to the present literature. Most of the studies used the overall consumption of energy, and other criticism concerns selecting panel assessment techniques. Nearly all the previous research used general panel approaches that overlooked long term dependence. This empirical study fills the gap revealed in the past studies of the effect of trade openness, income, non-renewable and renewable energy on carbon emissions in the presence of EKC (Kuznets environmental curve) for the ASEAN economies from the time spam 2000 to 2018 using panel ARDL, Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimation techniques. The results of the PMG estimator confirm the presence of the EKC hypothesis in selected ASEAN countries. Furthermore, Trade and renewable energy minimize carbon dioxide emissions, whereas non-renewable upsurges CO2 emissions. The outcomes also revealed cointegration amongst carbon emissions and renewable energy and one-way causation found from income to CO2 productions, non-renewable energy to carbon emissions, and trade openness toward carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, it concluded that ASEAN states that the government should advise the industries and all sectors to modify their energy sources from non-renewable energy sources to renewable energy sources. Because it helps to increase the level of energy and economic growth in reducing the carbon emission level.

scholarly journals The Liberalization of the Internal Energy Market in the European Union: Evidence of Its Influence on Reducing Environmental Pollution

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 6116
Author(s):  
Pablo Ponce ◽  
Cristiana Oliveira ◽  
Viviana Álvarez ◽  
María de la Cruz del Río-Rama
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Internal Energy ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Use Of Resources

From an empirical point of view, the liberalization of the internal energy market reduces carbon dioxide emissions, promoting a wider range of renewable energy sources. The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of the liberalization of the internal energy market on CO2 emissions, which was implemented in the European Union in 2011. The research data cover 27 countries of the European Union during the period 2004–2017 and was processed by estimating a two-way effects econometric model. The results suggest that the liberalization of the internal energy market is negatively related to CO2 emissions; the policy was effective in reducing CO2 emissions and, therefore, slowing down climate change. This result is significant at the level of the European Union, and in high-income countries since the year the policy was implemented, being different in the upper-middle-income countries, which begins to be effective after two years, which is due to the economic characteristics of the countries. The public policies to be implemented to reduce carbon dioxide emissions should focus on reducing the barriers imposed on foreign trade, which prevent efficient use of resources and providing financial and operating facilities to renewable energy providers in order to stimulate their production and consumption.

scholarly journals Relationships between Renewable Energy and the Prevalence of Morbidity in the Countries of the European Union: A Panel Regression Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6548
Author(s):  
Robert Stefko ◽  
Beata Gavurova ◽  
Miroslav Kelemen ◽  
Martin Rigelsky ◽  
Viera Ivankova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Panel Regression Models

The main objective of the presented study was to examine the associations between the use of renewable energy sources in selected sectors (transport, electricity, heating, and cooling) and the prevalence of selected groups of diseases in the European Union, with an emphasis on the application of statistical methods considering the structure of data. The analyses included data on 27 countries of the European Union from 2010 to 2019 published in the Eurostat database and the Global Burden of Disease Study. Panel regression models (pooling model, fixed (within) effects model, random effects model) were primarily used in analytical procedures, in which a panel variable was represented by countries. In most cases, positive and significant associations between the use of renewable energy sources and the prevalence of diseases were confirmed. The results of panel regression models could be generally interpreted as meaning that renewable energy sources are associated with the prevalence of diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and kidney diseases, digestive diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, neoplasms, sense organ diseases, and skin and subcutaneous diseases at a significance level (α) of 0.05 and lower. These findings could be explained by the awareness of the health problem and the response in the form of preference for renewable energy sources. Regarding statistical methods used for country data or for data with a specific structure, it is recommended to use the methods that take this structure into account. The absence of these methods could lead to misleading conclusions.

scholarly journals Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1570
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rokicki ◽  
Aleksandra Perkowska ◽  
Bogdan Klepacki ◽  
Piotr Bórawski ◽  
Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
The Eu

The paper’s main purpose was to identify and present the current situation and changes in energy consumption in agriculture in the European Union (EU) countries. The specific objectives were the determination of the degree of concentration of energy consumption in agriculture in the EU countries, showing the directions of their changes, types of energy used, and changes in this respect, establishing the correlation between energy consumption and changes in the economic and agricultural situation in the EU countries. All member states of the European Union were deliberately selected for research on 31 December 2018 (28 countries). The research period covered the years 2005–2018. The sources of materials were the literature on the subject, and data from Eurostat. Descriptive, tabular, and graphical methods were used to analyze and present materials, dynamics indicators with a stable base, Gini concentration coefficient, concentration analysis using the Lorenz curve, coefficient of variation, Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. A high concentration of energy consumption in agriculture was found in several EU countries, the largest in countries with the largest agricultural sector, i.e., France and Poland. There were practically no changes in the concentration level. Only in the case of renewable energy, a gradual decrease in concentration was visible. More and more countries developed technologies that allow the use of this type of energy. However, the EU countries differed in terms of the structure of the energy sources used. The majority of the basis was liquid fuels, while stable and gaseous fuels were abandoned in favor of electricity and renewable sources—according to which, in the EU countries, the research hypothesis was confirmed: a gradual diversification of energy sources used in agriculture, with a systematic increase in the importance of renewable energy sources. The second research hypothesis was also confirmed, according to which the increase in the consumption of renewable energy in agriculture is closely related to the economy’s parameters. The use of renewable energy is necessary and results from concern for the natural environment. Therefore, economic factors may have a smaller impact.

scholarly journals Advances in Underground Energy Storage for Renewable Energy Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5142
Author(s):  
Javier Menéndez ◽  
Jorge Loredo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Coal Fuel

The use of fossil fuels (coal, fuel, and natural gas) to generate electricity has been reduced in the European Union during the last few years, involving a significant decrease in greenhouse gas emissions [...]

scholarly journals The Potential of Using Renewable Energy Sources in Poland Taking into Account the Economic and Ecological Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7525
Author(s):  
Mariusz Niekurzak
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Starting Point

The aim of the manuscript was to present the collective results of research on the profitability of using various renewable sources in Poland with the greatest development potential. In the paper, the economic parameters of various investment projects were determined and calculated, i.e., Net Capital Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and the Period of Return on Invested Capital (PBT). The economic assessment of the use of RES technologies was supplemented with the assessment of environmental benefits. The ecological criterion adopted in the study was the assessment of the potential and costs of reducing greenhouse gas emissions as a result of replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy technologies. On the basis of the constructed economic model to assess the profitability of investments, it has been shown that the analyzed projects will start to bring, depending on their type and technical specification, measurable economic benefits in the form of a reduction in the amount of energy purchased on an annual basis and environmental benefits in the form of reduction of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. Moreover, the calculations show a high potential for the use of certain renewable sources in Poland, which contributes to the fulfillment of energy and emission obligations towards the EU. The analyzes and research of the Polish energy market with the use of the presented models have shown that the project is fully economically justified and will allow investors to make a rational decision on the appropriate selection of a specific renewable energy source for their investment. The presented economic models to assess the profitability of investments in renewable energy sources can be successfully used in other countries and can also be a starting point for a discussion about the direction of energy development. Due to the lack of collective, original and up-to-date research on the domestic market, the manuscript provides the reader with the necessary knowledge regarding the legitimacy of using renewable energy sources, investment and environmental profitability.

scholarly journals Biodiesel, a ochrona środowiska

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-356
Author(s):  
Marlena Owczuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
The World

The development of the automotive industry in the world causes high environmental degradation, the main source of this degradation is engine emissions. It is necessary to introduce biofuels prepared from renewable energy sources to the market due to the limited reserve of crude oil and environmental protection. Appropriate new modifications in law regulations have been prepared in European Union. Introducing alternative fuels can reduce the emissions of harmful gases and also decrease the level of pollutions in the environment.

scholarly journals PROSPECTS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY FOR LOW-RISE BUILDINGS IN CRIMEA

2020 ◽  
pp. 85-93
Author(s):  
N. V. Tsopa ◽  
A. E. Dikarev
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Crimea

in the article provides a comparative analysis of the development of solar energy in the world, in the European Union, in Russia and in Crimea; the advantages and disadvantages of the use of solar energy, the features of the use of renewable energy sources are considered, the use of solar energy in the Crimea is justified; describes the mechanism of a feasibility study for the use of autonomous power supply for low-rise buildings in Crimea.

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