scholarly journals II - On the nervous system of the starfish Mathasterias glacialis (L.)

1937 ◽  
Vol 227 (542) ◽  
pp. 111-173 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coelomic Epithelium ◽  
Mesodermal Origin ◽  
Oral Surface ◽  
The Right ◽  
Nerve Cords

In the year 1815, Tiedemann observed on the oral surface of the disk of the starfish Astropecten aurantiacus (L) a circumoral band of tissue continuous, in the mid-line of each arm, with a radial band. To these bands he ascribed a vascular function. Johannes Müller (1850), however, indicated that the radial and circular bands were more properly to be regarded as nerve cords, an observation which Owsjannikow (1871), Greeff (1871, 1872, a , 1872, b ), Hoffmann (1872), and Teuscher (1876) subsequently confirmed. Lange (1876), while not accepting the findings of previous authors as to the nervous nature of the circumoral and radial cords, discovered two ridges of tissue above each of the “V’’-shaped radial cords, one lying to the right and the other to the left of the mid-line. These are constituted by thickenings of the coelomic epithelium which lines the radial perihaemal canals, and were considered by Lange to represent nervous tissue. This opinion has been substantiated by Ludwig (1878), Hamann (1883, 1885), and Cuénot (1891) among others; but these and all recent investigators agree that the radial and circumoral cords must also be regarded as constituting part of the asteroid nervous system. Cuénot (1891) therefore distinguishes between the part of the nervous system derived from the ectoderm, such as the circumoral and radial cords, and the part—presumably of mesodermal origin—situated in the coelomic epithelium.

scholarly journals Metabolism of acetylcholine in the nervous system of Aplysia californica. I. Source of choline and its uptake by intact nervous tissue.

1975 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Schwartz ◽  
M L Eisenstadt ◽  
H Cedar
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
Aplysia Californica ◽  
The Other ◽  
Michaelis Constant ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Although acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter in Aplysia, labeling studies with methionine and serine showed that little choline was synthesized by nervous tissue and indicated that the choline required for the synthesis of acetylcholine must be derived exogenously. Aanglia in the central nervous system (abdominal, cerebral, and pleuropedals) all took up about 0.5 nmol of choline per hour at 9 muM, the concentration of choline we found in hemolymph. This rate was more than two orders of magnitude greater than that of synthesis from the labeled precursors. Ganglia accumulated choline by a process which has two kinetic components, one with a Michaelis constant between 2-8 muM. The other component was not saturated at 420 muM. Presumably the process with the high affinity functions to supply choline for synthesis of transmitter, since the efficiency of conversion to acetylcholine was maximal in the range of external concentrations found in hemolymph.

scholarly journals Baylisascaris potosis larvae in mice of different strains and infectivity of tissue larvae

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-292
Author(s):  
K. Taira ◽  
M. Takechi ◽  
H. K. Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nervous Tissue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mouse Strains ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Tissue Migration ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
The Brain

SummaryMigration of Baylisascaris potosis larvae in different mouse strains were compared, and infectivity of the persisting larvae in mice tissues were investigated. Five strains of mice, BALB/c, C57BL/6, AKR, B10.BR, and ICR were inoculated with 1,000 B. potosis eggs/mouse, and necropsied at week 13 post inoculation (PI). The other uninfected ICR mice (secondary host) were inoculated with 43 larvae/ mouse recovered from mice at week 13 PI with eggs, and necropsied at day 21 PI. Larvae in organs or tissues were counted at necropsy. One AKR mouse showed torticollis and circling at day 56 PI. At necropsy at week 13 PI, larvae were recovered from all mice. A mean total larvae recovered were 124.1 (n=40). Majority of larvae were found in the carcass (mean 113.9) and some in the viscera (mean 9.9). Zero to 1 larva were found in the brain or eyes of some mice. There were no differences among the mouse strains in the number of larvae, except in the viscera; more larvae were seen in BALB/c or ICR than in B10.BR mice. No larvae were found in the secondary host mice. Present study demonstrated that B. potosis larvae migrate well in the carcass of any strains of mice, however, the tissue larvae did not infect the secondary host. Results of our present study suggest that B. potosis larvae is less aggressive for the nervous tissue migration than that of B. procyonis larvae which is commonly known to migrate in central nervous system of mammals and birds.

Sensory Modalities and Receptive Fields in the Abdominal Nervous System of the Hermit Crab, Pagurus Granosimanus (Stimpson)

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-223
Author(s):  
WILLIAM D. CHAPPLE
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Posterior Segment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mechanical Stimuli ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Joint Receptors ◽  
The Right ◽  
Lateral Area

1. The morphology and histology of the abdominal nervous system is briefly described. There are three ganglionic roots, as in the crayfish; the first innervates the pleopods and the ventral lateral area of the segment, the second innervates the sclerite of the next posterior segment, and a region posterior and dorsal to it. The third roots are exclusively motor as in the crayfish and have two branches, one of which runs to the superficial ventral muscles and the other to the central flexors. 2. Phasic fast-adapting mechano-receptors similar to those seen in annelids, with overlapping fields extending over much of the segment, have replaced the sensory hair population of the homologous roots in the crayfish. 3. The units on the left side of the animal are more sensitive to mechanical stimuli than those on the right side; this is due to the fact that the right side lies next to the whorl of the shell while the left side faces away from it. 4. Joint receptors are described, but no muscle receptor organs similar to those found in other decapods were observed.

Piccolo male in due gemelle monozigotiche. L'apporto dell'EEG allo studio dell'ereditarietà nell'epilessia

1955 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-357
Author(s):  
V. Pelliccioli ◽  
F. Garioni
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Allo Studio ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

SUMMARYMonozigotic twin-girls 6 8/12 years old, one right-handed girl and the other left-handed, present petit mal seizures, appeared contemporaneusly when the twin-girls were 5 years old. The Eleccal tracing of petit mal with these troencephalogram shows a typicaracteristics: in the left hemisphere of the right-handed girl and in the right of the left-handed girl there is a preponderance of attivity.One sister of the twis-girls, 8 years old, has a tracing with epilectical activity spike-wawe 3 per second of high voltage; she never had clinical seizures.The mother's, 34 years old, present a tracing on activation, with teta activity 7 per second of low voltage.The tracing of the father, 33 years old, is negative.The tracing of the maternal-grand mother, 67 years old, present on activation, a light dysrithmia in the Pa O. right seat.The AA take from these dates some considerations about the question of the heredity in the Epilepsy and conclude on the base of their researches that they could favour the conception that existe in the epilepsy a functional miopragie of the brain, on hereditary base. These miopragies are, probably, connected with one functional differentiation deficiency of determined structures of the central-nervous-system.

Assessment of knowledge of oral health hygiene among coastal guards in the port trust of south Tamil Nadu - A public health awareness survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1861-1868
Author(s):  
Bianca Princeton ◽  
Abilasha R ◽  
Preetha S
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Asbestos Exposure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Oral Manifestations ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
The Right ◽  
Oral Hygiene Habits

Oral hygiene is defined as the practice of keeping the mouth clean and healthy, by brushing and flossing to prevent the occurrence of any gum diseases like periodontitis or gingivitis. The main aim of oral health hygiene is to prevent the buildup of plaque, which is defined as a sticky film of bacteria and food formed on the teeth. The coastal guard is an official who is employed to watch the sea near a coast for ships that are in danger or involved with illegal activities. Coastal guards have high possibilities of being affected by mesothelioma or lung cancer due to asbestos exposure. So, a questionnaire consisting of 20 questions was created and circulated among a hundred participants who were coastal guards, through Google forms. The responses were recorded and tabulated in the form of bar graphs. Out of a hundred participants, 52.4% were not aware of the fact that coastal guards have high chances of developing lung cancer and Mesothelioma. 53.7% were aware of the other oral manifestations of lung cancer other than bleeding gums. Majority of the coastal guards feel that they are given enough information about dental hygiene protocols. Hence, to conclude, oral hygiene habits have to be elaborated using various tools in the right manner to ensure better health of teeth and gums.

JUAL BELI TANAH YANG DILAKUKAN TANPA AKTA PPAT

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-107
Author(s):  
Cheri Bayuni Budjang
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Right ◽  
Laws And Regulations

Buying and selling is a way to transfer land rights according to the provisions in Article 37 paragraph (1) of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration which must include the deed of the Land Deed Making Official to register the right of land rights (behind the name) to the Land Office to create legal certainty and minimize the risks that occur in the future. However, in everyday life there is still a lot of buying and selling land that is not based on the laws and regulations that apply, namely only by using receipts and trust in each other. This is certainly very detrimental to both parties in the transfer of rights (behind the name), especially if the other party is not known to exist like the Case in Decision Number 42 / Pdt.G / 2010 / PN.Mtp

Visual asymmetries during face encoding Increased dwell time and fixations in the upper and left hemifields

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Maria Felisberti
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Reading Habits ◽  
The Right

Visual field asymmetries (VFA) in the encoding of groups rather than individual faces has been rarely investigated. Here, eye movements (dwell time (DT) and fixations (Fix)) were recorded during the encoding of three groups of four faces tagged with cheating, cooperative, or neutral behaviours. Faces in each of the three groups were placed in the upper left (UL), upper right (UR), lower left (LL), or lower right (LR) quadrants. Face recognition was equally high in the three groups. In contrast, the proportion of DT and Fix were higher for faces in the left than the right hemifield and in the upper rather than the lower hemifield. The overall time spent looking at the UL was higher than in the other quadrants. The findings are relevant to the understanding of VFA in face processing, especially groups of faces, and might be linked to environmental cues and/or reading habits.

Challenges of Media Education Standards in Georgia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Vekua
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Journalism Education ◽  
Education Standards ◽  
Modern Media ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The main goal of this research is to determine whether the journalism education of the leading media schools inGeorgia is adequate to modern media market’s demands and challenges. The right answer to this main questionwas found after analyzing Georgian media market’s demands, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, differentaspects of journalism education in Georgia: the historical background, development trends, evaluation ofeducational programs and curricula designs, reflection of international standards in teaching methods, studyingand working conditions.

ASSESSMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE TRIGEMINAL AND COCHLEOVESTIBULAR SYSTEMS IN TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT PAIN DYSFUNCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-120
Author(s):  
N.D. Sorokina ◽  
◽  
L.R. Shahalieva ◽  
S.S. Pertsov ◽  
L.V. Polma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Differential Diagnostics ◽  
Autonomous Nervous System ◽  
Dental Diseases ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
The Right ◽  
Distal Occlusion ◽  
The Brain

One of the most common causes of chronic pain in the facial region, including in the trigeminal nerve link, which is not associated with dental diseases, is pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint. At the same time, there is evidence in the literature that there are relationships between pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint, abnormal occlusion, cervical-muscular tonic phenomena, postural disorders, dysfunction of the Autonomous nervous system and cochleovestibular manifestations. At the same time, neurophysiological indicators of functional disorders in the maxillofacial region and intersystem interactions in pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint are insufficiently studied.Goal. The aim of the work is to evaluate the neurophysiological features of trigeminal afferentation in terms of trigeminal somatosensory evoked potentials (TSWP) and the auditory conducting system of the brain in terms of acoustic stem evoked potentials (ASVP) in distal occlusion of the dentition with pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in comparison with physiological occlusion in students 18-21 years old. Material and methods. The main study included 41 students with distal occlusion (21 girls and 20 boys), (grade II Engl, symmetrically right and left in 14 people, and grade II Engl on the left and grade I on the right in 12 people, grade I on the left and grade II on the right in 15 people). All respondents with distal occlusion and who were practically healthy signed an informed consent to participate in the study. We used complex orthodontic methods of examination, subjective degree of severity and intensity of pain in the TMJ, assessment of the Autonomous nervous system (samples and tests), and neurophysiological methods for assessing TSVP and ASVP. Results. Significant differences in ASEP parameters were found in the group of respondents with distal occlusion in the form of a decrease in the latency period of peak I, III, and V compared to physiological occlusion, that correlated with the subjective assessment (in points) of cochleovestibular disorders. According to the TSVP study, a decrease in the duration of latent periods was found, which indicates an increased excitability of non-specific brain stem structures at the medullo-ponto-mesencephalic level compared to the control group. Conclusions. The results obtained are supposed to be used for differential diagnostics, including such dental diseases as TMJ pain dysfunction, occlusion abnormalities accompanied by pain syndrome. Additional functional diagnostics of multi-modal VP of the brain (acoustic evoked potentials, trigeminal evoked potentials) can be performed in conjunction with indicators of autonomic nervous system dysfunction, with parameters of severity of clinical symptoms of cochleovestibular disorders, musculoskeletal dysfunction the maxillofacial area, with indicators of pain, which will determine the tactics and effectiveness of subsequent treatment.

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