scholarly journals A case report of Salmonella enterica serovar Corvallis from environmental isolates from Cambodia and clinical isolates in the UK

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla L. Schwan ◽  
Timothy J. Dallman ◽  
Peter W. Cook ◽  
Jessie Vipham
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Informal Market ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Public Data ◽  
The Uk

Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Corvallis (S. Corvallis) has been identified as a human pathogen and as a food contaminant. Diarrhoeal disease is a common diagnosis in tourists visiting Southeast Asia, often with unknown aetiology. However, numerous public health institutes have identified Salmonella as a common causative agent when consuming contaminated food and water. Genomic data from environmental isolates from a Cambodian informal market were uploaded to the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) platform, allowing the novel sequences to be compared to global whole-genome sequence archives. The comparison revealed that two human clinical isolates from England and four of the environmental isolates were closely related, with an average single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) difference of 1 (0–3 SNPs). A maximum-likelihood tree based on core SNPs was generated comparing the 4 isolates recovered from a Cambodian informal market with 239 isolates of S. Corvallis received from routine surveillance of human salmonellosis in England and confirmed the close relationship. In addition, the environmental isolates clustered into a broader phylogenetic group within the S. Corvallis population containing 68 additional human isolates, of which 42 were from patients who reported recent international travel, almost exclusively to Southeast Asia. The environmental isolates of S. Corvallis isolated from an informal market in Cambodia are concerning for public health due to their genetic similarity to isolates (e.g. clinical isolates from the UK) with known human virulence and pathogenicity. This study emphasizes the benefits of global and public data sharing of pathogen genomes.

scholarly journals Isolation of the human-associated bla CTX-M-15-harbouring Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 from a tortoise in the UK

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Foster ◽  
Manal AbuOun ◽  
Romain Pizzi ◽  
Bryn Tennant ◽  
Margaret McCall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Emerging Pathogen ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Uk

The ST307 multidrug-resistant CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae is an emerging pathogen, which has become disseminated worldwide in humans but is rarely reported from other reservoirs. We report the first isolation of K. pneumoniae from an animal in Europe and also from a reptile, a captive tortoise, whose death it probably caused. Detection of this clone from an animal adds to evidence of niche expansion in non-human environments, where it may amplify, recycle and become of greater public health concern.

scholarly journals A case of primary bacteraemia caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Corvallis in an immunocompetent adult after travel to Southeast Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sho Nakakubo ◽  
Kentaro Nagaoka ◽  
Masaru Suzuki ◽  
Satoshi Konno ◽  
Yasushi Shibue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Social History ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Uneventful Recovery ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Immunocompetent Adult ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type

Introduction. Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) that typically causes diarrhoeal disease in humans has a dramatically more severe and more invasive presentation than typhoid fever in immunocompromised adults. However, the incidence and significance of NTS primary bacteraemia in immunocompetent adults have been unclear. Case presentation. A 24-year-old man presented to our hospital with a high fever 14 days after travelling to Vietnam and Cambodia for 14 days. His past medical history, family history and social history were unremarkable, except for his dietary intake history during his stay in Southeast Asia. He did not have any abdominal pain, diarrhoea, enterocolitis, arthritis, or abscesses, as determined by multiple examinations, which included computed tomography. The initial blood cultures identified the presence of Gram-negative bacilli, which were finally identified as the Salmonella enterica subspecies serovar Corvallis. Thus, S. enterica serovar Corvallis was the most likely primary bacteria in this patient. Since domestic outbreaks of NTS infections are extremely rare, our case patient was diagnosed with travel-related bacteraemia. The patient had an uneventful recovery after antibiotic administration. Conclusion. We report a rare case of bacteraemia caused by S. enterica serovar Corvallis in an immunocompetent adult after travelling through Vietnam and Cambodia. From the experience of our case, we suggest that more caution is necessary when diagnosing the unique clinical features of travel-related NTS infections.

scholarly journals MiSeq Sequencing of Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae Isolates from a Dog Treated for Hind-Limb Paresis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (32) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary L. Krath ◽  
Andrew E. Hillhouse ◽  
Sara V. Little ◽  
Sara D. Lawhon
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Hind Limb ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Miseq Sequencing ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACT The genomes of three clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica subsp. houtenae were sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq instrument. These isolates came from the urine and cerebrospinal fluid of a dog treated for hind-limb paresis with immunosuppressive drugs. S. enterica subsp. houtenae has also been implicated in brain infections in humans.

scholarly journals Host Carbon Dioxide Concentration Is an Independent Stress for Cryptococcus neoformans That Affects Virulence and Antifungal Susceptibility

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian J. Krysan ◽  
Bing Zhai ◽  
Sarah R. Beattie ◽  
Kara M. Misel ◽  
Melanie Wellington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Capsule Formation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Virulence Traits

ABSTRACT The ability of Cryptococcus neoformans to cause disease in humans varies significantly among strains with highly related genotypes. In general, environmental isolates of pathogenic species such as Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii have reduced virulence relative to clinical isolates, despite having no differences in the expression of the canonical virulence traits (high-temperature growth, melanization, and capsule formation). In this observation, we report that environmental isolates of C. neoformans tolerate host CO2 concentrations poorly compared to clinical isolates and that CO2 tolerance correlates well with the ability of the isolates to cause disease in mammals. Initial experiments also suggest that CO2 tolerance is particularly important for dissemination of C. neoformans from the lung to the brain. Furthermore, CO2 concentrations affect the susceptibility of both clinical and environmental C. neoformans isolates to the azole class of antifungal drugs, suggesting that antifungal testing in the presence of CO2 may improve the correlation between in vitro azole activity and patient outcome. IMPORTANCE A number of studies comparing either patient outcomes or model system virulence across large collections of Cryptococcus isolates have found significant heterogeneity in virulence even among strains with highly related genotypes. Because this heterogeneity cannot be explained by variations in the three well-characterized virulence traits (growth at host body temperature, melanization, and polysaccharide capsule formation), it has been widely proposed that additional C. neoformans virulence traits must exist. The natural niche of C. neoformans is in the environment, where the carbon dioxide concentration is very low (∼0.04%); in contrast, mammalian host tissue carbon dioxide concentrations are 125-fold higher (5%). We have found that the ability to grow in the presence of 5% carbon dioxide distinguishes low-virulence strains from high-virulence strains, even those with a similar genotype. Our findings suggest that carbon dioxide tolerance is a previously unrecognized virulence trait for C. neoformans.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Antifungal Susceptibility Profile of Aspergillus Species: Comparison between Environmental and Clinical Isolates from Patients with Hematologic Malignancies

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Yeon Cho ◽  
Dong-Gun Lee ◽  
Won-Bok Kim ◽  
Hye-Sun Chun ◽  
Chulmin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Aspergillosis ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Hematologic Malignancy ◽  
Antifungal Susceptibility ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Global Data

ABSTRACT Global data on the epidemiology and susceptibility of Aspergillus are crucial in the management of invasive aspergillosis. Here, we aimed to determine the characteristics of clinical and environmental Aspergillus isolates, focusing mainly on hematologic malignancy patients. We prospectively collected all consecutive cases and clinical isolates of culture-positive proven/probable invasive aspergillosis patients from January 2016 to April 2018 and sampled the air inside and outside the hospital. Cryptic species-level identification of Aspergillus, antifungal susceptibilities, and cyp51 gene sequencing were performed, and clinical data were analyzed. This study was conducted as part of the Catholic Hematology Hospital Fungi Epidemiology (CAFÉ) study. A total of 207 proven/probable invasive aspergillosis and 102 clinical and 129 environmental Aspergillus isolates were included in this analysis. The incidence of proven/probable invasive aspergillosis was 1.3 cases/1,000 patient-days during the study period. Cryptic Aspergillus species accounted for 33.8%, with no differences in proportions between the clinical and environmental isolates. Section Nigri presented a high proportion (70.5%) of cryptic species, mainly from A. tubingensis and A. awamori: the former being dominant in environmental samples, and the latter being more common in clinical isolates (P < 0.001). Of 91 A. fumigatus isolates, azole-resistant A. fumigatus was found in 5.3% of all A. fumigatus isolates. Three isolates presented the TR34/L98H mutation of the cyp51A gene. Patients with invasive aspergillosis caused by azole-resistant A. fumigatus showed 100% all-cause mortality at 100 days. This study demonstrates the significant portion of cryptic Aspergillus species and clinical implications of azole resistance and underscores the comparison between clinical and environmental isolates.

Dickeya aquatica sp. nov., isolated from waterways

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (Pt_7) ◽  
pp. 2264-2266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Parkinson ◽  
Paul DeVos ◽  
Minna Pirhonen ◽  
John Elphinstone
Keyword(s):  
Dna Hybridization ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Uk

Pectinolytic Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from different waterways in the UK and Finland. Three strains (174/2T, 181/2 and Dw054) had the same 16S rRNA gene sequences which shared 99 % sequence similarity to species of the genus Dickeya , and a phylogeny of related genera confirmed attribution to this genus. Fatty acid profile analysis of all three strains found a high proportion of C16 : 1ω7c/C16 : 1ω7c and C16 : 0 fatty acids, and library profile searches found closest matches to Dickeya chrysanthemi . Production of a concatenated phylogeny using six loci, recA, gapA, atpD, gyrB, infB and rpoB, provided a high-resolution phylogeny which placed strains 174/2T and 181/2 as a distinct clade, separated from the other species of the genus Dickeya by a relatively long branch-length. DNA–DNA hybridization analysis with a limited number of reference species also supported the distinctiveness of strains 174/2T and 181/2 within the genus Dickeya . All three strains could be phenotypically distinguished from other species of the genus by fermentation of melibiose and raffinose but not d-arabinose or mannitol. The name Dickeya aquatica sp. nov. is proposed for the new taxon; the type strain is 174/2T ( = NCPPB 4580T = LMG 27354T).

UK initiatives to reduce antimicrobial resistant infections, 2013-2018

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Uk Government ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the local, national and global actions from the UK to reduce the impact of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on human health. Design/methodology/approach – Synthesis of UK government policy, surveillance and research on AMR. Findings – Activities that are taking place by the UK government, public health and professional organisations are highlighted. Originality/value – This paper describes the development and areas for action of the UK AMR strategy. It highlights the many interventions that are being delivered to reduce antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistant infections.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Clinical and Environmental Vibrio parahaemolyticus Strains from the Pacific Northwest

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (24) ◽  
pp. 8631-8638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohinee Paranjpye ◽  
Owen S. Hamel ◽  
Asta Stojanovski ◽  
Martin Liermann
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Environmental Isolates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Thermostable Direct Hemolysin

ABSTRACTSince 1997, cases ofVibrio parahaemolyticus-related gastroenteritis from the consumption of raw oysters harvested in Washington State have been higher than historical levels. These cases have shown little or no correlation with concentrations of potentially pathogenicV. parahaemolyticus(positive for the thermostable direct hemolysin gene,tdh) in oysters, although significant concentrations oftdh+V. parahaemolyticusstrains were isolated from shellfish-growing areas in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). We compared clinical and environmental strains isolated from the PNW to those from other geographic regions within the United States and Asia for the presence of virulence-associated genes, including the thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh), the thermostable-related hemolysin (trh), urease (ureR), the pandemic group specific markersorf8andtoxRS, and genes encoding both type 3 secretion systems (T3SS1 and T3SS2). The majority of clinical strains from the PNW were positive fortdh,trh, andureRgenes, while a significant proportion of environmental isolates weretdh+buttrhnegative. Hierarchical clustering grouped the majority of these clinical isolates into a cluster distinct from that including the pandemic strain RIMD2210633, clinical isolates from other geographical regions, andtdh+,trh-negative environmental isolates from the PNW. We detected T3SS2-related genes (T3SS2β) in environmental strains that weretdhandtrhnegative. The presence of significant concentrations oftdh+,trh-negative environmental strains in the PNW that have not been responsible for illness and T3SS2β intdh- andtrh-negative strains emphasizes the diversity in this species and the need to identify additional virulence markers for this bacterium to improve risk assessment tools for the detection of this pathogen.

scholarly journals Highly Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Indiana Clinical Isolates Recovered from Broilers and Poultry Workers with Diarrhea in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 1943-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiansen Gong ◽  
Chengming Wang ◽  
Shourong Shi ◽  
Hongduo Bao ◽  
Chunhong Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Poultry Workers

Highly drug-resistantSalmonella entericaserovar Indiana became the most common serovar in broilers with diarrhea in China over the course of this study (15% in 2010 to 70% in 2014). While mostS. Indiana isolates (87%, 384/440) were resistant to 13 to 16 of the 16 antibiotics tested, 89% of non-S. Indiana isolates (528/595) were resistant to 0 to 6 antibiotics. Class 1 integrons and IncHI2-type plasmids were detected in allS. Indiana isolates, but only in 39% and 1% of non-S. Indiana isolates.

scholarly journals Elucidation of global and national genomic epidemiology of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis through multilevel genome typing

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Luo ◽  
Michael Payne ◽  
Sandeep Kaur ◽  
Dalong Hu ◽  
Liam Cheney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Outbreak Detection ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Genome Typing

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a major cause of foodborne Salmonella infections and outbreaks in humans. Effective surveillance and timely outbreak detection are essential for public health control. Multilevel genome typing (MGT) with multiple levels of resolution has been previously demonstrated as a promising tool for this purpose. In this study, we developed MGT with nine levels for S. Enteritidis and characterised the genomic epidemiology of S. Enteritidis in detail. We examined 26 670 publicly available S. Enteritidis genome sequences from isolates spanning 101 years from 86 countries to reveal their spatial and temporal distributions. Using the lower resolution MGT levels, globally prevalent and regionally restricted sequence types (STs) were identified; avian associated MGT4-STs were found that were common in human cases in the USA; temporal trends were observed in the UK with MGT5-STs from 2014 to 2018 revealing both long lived endemic STs and the rapid expansion of new STs. Using MGT3 to MGT6, we identified multidrug resistance (MDR) associated STs at various MGT levels, which improves precision of detection and global tracking of MDR clones. We also found that the majority of the global S. Enteritidis population fell within two predominant lineages, which had significantly different propensity of causing large scale outbreaks. An online open MGT database has been established for unified international surveillance of S. Enteritidis. We demonstrated that MGT provides a flexible and high-resolution genome typing tool for S. Enteritidis surveillance and outbreak detection.

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