scholarly journals Sustainable Development of the Cement Industry and Blended Cements to Meet Ecological Challenges

2003 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 308-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Sobolev
Keyword(s):  
Technological Development ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption ◽  
Special Complex ◽  
Mineral Additives ◽  
By Products

The world production of cement has greatly increased in the past 10 years. This trend is the most significant factor affecting technological development and the updating of manufacturing facilities in the cement industry. Existing technology for the production of cement clinker is ecologically damaging; it consumes much energy and natural resources and also emits pollutants. A new approach to the production of blended or high-volume mineral additive (HVMA) cement helps to improve its ecological compatibility. HVMA cement technology is based on the intergrinding of portland cement clinker, gypsum, mineral additives, and a special complex admixture. This new method increases the compressive strength of ordinary cement, improves durability of the cement-based materials, and - at the same time - uses inexpensive natural mineral additives or industrial by-products. This improvement leads to a reduction of energy consumption per unit of the cement produced. Higher strength, better durability, reduction of pollution at the clinker production stage, and decrease of landfill area occupied by industrial by-products, all provide ecological advantages for HVMA cement.

scholarly journals The use of ternary cements to reduce the environmental impact of concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim-Séang Lauch ◽  
Vinciane Dieryck ◽  
Valérie Pollet
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
International Energy Agency ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Energy Agency ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
The World

In the current context of climate change, reducing the greenhouse gas emissions is one of the greatest challenges of our society. As concrete is the second most used material in the world after water, its environmental impact is significant, especially because of the production of cement. Clinker substitution is according to the International Energy Agency and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development one of the four main reductions levers for the cement industry. Unlike Carbon Capture and Storage technology, replacing clinker with by-products such as fly ash and blast-furnace slag is technically feasible and applicable today. The use of blended cements is nowadays more and more commonly widespread. Ternary cements is particularly advantageous to benefit the synergetic action of two substitutes such as fly ash and limestone filler. Cement standard EN 197-1 is evolving towards more ternary binders but their impact on concrete properties are not thoroughly investigated yet. This paper presents some effects of newly developed ternary cements on concrete. The use of composite cements is a compelling solution to reduce the environmental impact of concrete but it is necessary to always assess their suitability in concrete.

scholarly journals Eco-efficient blended cements with high volume supplementary cementitious materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 005-014
Author(s):  
Myroslav Sanytsky ◽  
Tetiana Kropyvnytska ◽  
Hanna Ivashchyshyn ◽  
Оksana Rykhlitska
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cementitious Materials ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

The ways of reducing CO2 emissions in the cement industry were analysed for the purposes of implementation of the low carbon development strategy. The optimal solution to this problem is the technologically optimised blended cements with high volume of supplementary cementitious materials of various genesis and fineness. The design of eco-friendly blended cements was achieved by a synergistic combination of the main constituents such as granulated blast furnace slag, superfine zeolite, fly ash and limestone, as well as by optimisation of the their granulometric composition, taking into account their bimodal particle size distribution by volume and surface area. Moreover, the article presents the technical, environmental and economic benefits of using eco-efficient blended cements.

Utilization of petroleum sludge wastes for increasing productivity of ordinary portland cement

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-328
Author(s):  
N.M. Khalil ◽  
Yousif Algamal
Keyword(s):  
Portland Cement ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Hydration Product ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
Petroleum Waste ◽  
Waste Sludge ◽  
Suitable Amount

This work aims at maximum exploitation of petroleum waste sludge as additive to portland cement to prepare blended cements and hence increasing its production capacity without further firing. This will decrease the main cement industry problems involving environmental pollution such as releasing gases and high-energy consumption during industry and hence maximizes the production economics. Six batches of ordinary portland cement (OPC) mixed with different proportions of petroleum waste sludge (PWS) donated as C1 (control batch contains no PWS), C2 (contains 90 wt.% of OPC+10 wt.% of PWS), C3 (contains 80 wt.% of OPC+20 wt.% of PWS), C4 (contains 70 wt.% of OPC+30 wt.% of PWS), C4 (contains 60 wt.% of OPC+40 wt.% of PWS) and C6 (contains 50 wt.% of OPC+50 wt.% of PWS), were prepared and mixed individually with the suitable amount of mixing water. Cement mixes C2, C3 and C4 showed improved cementing and physicomechanical properties compared with pure cement (C1) with special concern of mix C4. Such improvement is due to the relatively higher surface area as well as the high content of kaolinite and quartz in the added PWS (high pozzalanity) favoring the hydration process evidenced by the increase in the cement hydration product (portlandite mineral (Ca (OH) 2).

scholarly journals Effect of Cr on the Mineral Structure and Composition of Cement Clinker and Its Solidification Behavior

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1529
Author(s):  
Haihong Fan ◽  
Mengqi Lv ◽  
Xiaosha Wang ◽  
Jianmin Xiao ◽  
Xiaofan Mi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Content ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Magic Angle ◽  
Solidification Behavior ◽  
Mineral Phase ◽  
Metal Solidification ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxygen Tetrahedron ◽  
Silicon Oxygen

In order to reveal the solidification behavior of Cr in the cement clinker mineral phase, 29Si magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques were used to analyze the morphology and composition of the cement clinker mineral phase doped with Cr. The results showed that the addition of Cr did not change the chemical environment of 29Si in the clinker mineral phase, and it was still an isolated silicon–oxygen tetrahedron. Cr affected the orientation of the silicon–oxygen tetrahedron and the coordination number of calcium, leading to the formation of defects in the crystal structure of the clinker mineral phase, by replacing Ca2+ into the mineral phase lattice to form a new mineral phase Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3. Cr acted as a stabilizer for the formation of β-C2S in the clinker calcination. As the amount of Cr increased, the relative content of C3S decreased and the relative content of C2S increased. Further, Cr easily dissolved in C2S, while it was not found in C3S. This study is conducive to further research on the mechanism of heavy metal solidification in cement clinker. Furthermore, it is important to evaluate the environmental risk of heavy metals in the process of sludge disposal through cement kiln and promote the utilization of sludge resources and the sustainable development of the cement industry.

Cement Composites’ Biostability

2020 ◽  
Vol 1011 ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Alexander Rodin ◽  
Sergej Karpushin ◽  
Vasiliy Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Sampling Methods ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Cement Stone ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Portland Cement Clinker ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
Surface Modified

The studies to establish the species composition of micro-mycetes inhabiting the surface of cement composites after aging in sea water have been carried out. Cement stone made on the basis of Portland cement clinker, a mineral additive and a fungicidal preparation was considered as the studied material. To determine the materials’ fouling by microorganisms, their species composition, imprints and sampling methods were used. A change in the species composition of mycobiota isolated from the cement composites’ surface modified with sodium sulfate and sodium fluoride depending on the amount of active filler, gypsum, and biocidal additives was experimentally revealed. The effectiveness of using the biocidal cement composites with an active mineral additive has been confirmed. It was found that the composites on the developed compositions showed higher resistance compared to the materials on ordinary cement. The compositions modified with biocidal additives showed a fungicidal effect.

Mineral Waste Coupled with Boron Oxide for Producing Active Belite Cement Clinker

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 2564-2575
Author(s):  
Yan Jun Liu ◽  
Yong Chao Zheng
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Boron Oxide ◽  
Tricalcium Silicate ◽  
Dicalcium Silicate ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Belite Cement ◽  
Mineral Waste

This paper presents a laboratory study on active belite cement clinker using boron oxide as dopant to stabilize high temperature phases of Dicalcium silicate (C2S), and mineral waste as siliceous materials in complete replacement of clay. The clinker samples were soaked in Muffle Furnace at different burning temperatures and for various time durations, and then, cooled down to room temperature using air blower. Quantitative X-ray Diffraction analysis (QXRD) by Rietveld method indicates that major mineral components are Dicalcium Silicate (C2S), Ferrite (C2 (A0.48F1.52) O5) and trace amount of Tricalcium Silicate (C3S) in the cement clinkers. Among them, Dicalcium silicate is over 85 percent, Ferrite around 10 percent and Tricalcium silicate less than 10 percent. Thermogravimetric and Differential Scanning Calorimetric (TGA-DSC) spectrum shows that there is no significant phase change while cement clinker was cooling down, which means significant amount of high temperature polymorphic C2S was stabilized during cooling process. It is agreeable with the results from QXRD analysis. Specifically, among polymorphic belite phases, αH-C2S accounts for around 66% of cement clinker, and αL-C2S for about 22% of cement clinker. In addition, massive belite phase was identified by Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) analysis and Light Microscopy analysis. At last, the mechanical tests on active belite cement show that active belite cement clinker has a slow strength development at early ages, but rapid strength gain at 28 days in comparison with belite clinker without adding boron oxide. Thus, this active belite cement clinker demonstrates very promising prospect in sustainable cement industry development. Keywords: Active Belite Cement Clinker; Doped; Boron Oxide; αH-C2S; αL-C2S; Strength Development

Active Belite Cement Clinker Produced with Mineral Waste

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2378-2385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Jun Liu ◽  
Yong Chao Zheng
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Tricalcium Silicate ◽  
Dicalcium Silicate ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Belite Cement ◽  
Mineral Waste

This paper presents a laboratory study on active belite cement linker using mineral waste as one of the major raw meal components. The main chemical component of mineral waste employed in this study is silica (SiO2), around 70%. The raw meals were soaked in Muffle Furnace at 1350oC for 10 minutes and 20minutes respectively, then, cooled down to room temperature using air blower. Boron Oxide was used to stabilize high temperature phases of C2S. QXRD analysis indicates that active belite cement clinker has major mineral components consisting of Dicalcium Silicate (C2S), Ferrite (C2 (A0.48F1.52) O5) and trace amount of Tricalcium Silicate (C3S). Among them, Dicalcium silicate is over 85 percent, Ferrite around 10 percent and Tricalcium silicate less than 10 percent. Also, significant amount of high temperature polymorphic C2S was stabilized under room temperature. Among polymorphic belite phases, αH-C2S accounts for around 66% of cement clinker, and αL-C2S for about 22% of cement clinker. Scanning Eαlectronic Microscope (SEM) analysis also shows coαnsiderable round grains of C2S. TGA-DSC spectrum indicated there is no significant phase change while cement clinker was cooling down. Also, the mechanical tests on active belite cement show that active belite cement clinker has a slow strength development at early ages, but rapid strength gain over 70Mpa at 28 days. Thus, this active belite cement clinker demonstrates very promising prospect in sustainable cement industry development.

scholarly journals Theoretical Study on the Production of Environment-Friendly Recycled Cement Using Inorganic Construction Wastes as Secondary Materials in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihoon Kim ◽  
Sungho Tae ◽  
Rakhyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Gypsum Board ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Waste Gypsum ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
By Products

The cement industry endeavors to reduce CO2 emissions from cement manufacturing by utilizing industrial by-products as alternative fuels and developing secondary concrete products from construction wastes. With these efforts, the cement industry is attempting to become more eco-friendly and reduce environmental load. This study analyzed the possibility of using inorganic construction wastes to produce environmentally friendly recycled cement using the process of proportioning. To this end, the types and production trends of recyclable construction wastes and previous studies on the development of recycled cement using such construction wastes were analyzed. Based on this analysis, recyclable inorganic construction wastes were selected, and real waste was collected. The chemical composition of each inorganic construction waste was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence, and the composition of ordinary commercial cement was used as the baseline. After the collected inorganic construction wastes were mixed, they were fired using the Bogue formula. The mineral components of clinker, which was generated from the firing process, were predicted and analyzed. Waste gypsum board and ceiling materials were shown to contain large amounts of CaO, which could substitute limestone—a key component of cement. These results suggested that if the limestone content was greater than 85 wt %, mixing inorganic construction wastes in appropriate proportions could be used to develop various types of Portland cement.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document