scholarly journals Amphibian diversity and abundance in ponds is lower in exotic plantations than native forests

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maider Iglesias-Carrasco ◽  
Iraide Artexte ◽  
Carlos Cabido ◽  
Aitor Larrañaga
Keyword(s):  
Pond Water ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations ◽  
Exotic Plantations ◽  
Key Drivers

AbstractWhat effect do tree plantations have on the diversity of native organisms? Some studies show that plantations reduce the diversity and abundance of certain taxa, while other studies suggested that plantations help to conserve biodiversity. Pine and eucalyptus plantations are among the most widespread exotic plantations worldwide, and they have negative effects on many taxa. But how do they affect amphibian diversity and abundance? We barely know. We therefore tallied up the number of amphibian taxa and their abundance from 18 ponds in patches of native oak forests, pine or eucalypt plantations. We also quantified water quality by measuring its physicochemistry and identifying the macroinvertebrates present in each pond. There were significantly fewer amphibian species in tree plantations than in native forest. Compared to native forest, the total density of amphibians was also significantly lower in eucalypt, but not pine, plantations. Species varied in the effects of plantations on their presence and abundance. We suggest that the decline in the presence and abundance of amphibians in plantations is linked to the physicochemical of pond water, combined with the relatively low presence of invertebrate. It seems likely that earlier desiccation, greater toxicity, and poor quality detritus in ponds in plantation are key drivers of species decline. The effects of these drivers are expected to worsen as climate change continues.

scholarly journals Native forest replacement by exotic plantations in southern Chile (1985–2011) and partial compensation by natural regeneration

2015 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Zamorano-Elgueta ◽  
José María Rey Benayas ◽  
Luis Cayuela ◽  
Stijn Hantson ◽  
Dolors Armenteras
Keyword(s):  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Exotic Plantations ◽  
Partial Compensation

Buffering of native forest edge microclimate by adjoining tree plantations

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. DENYER ◽  
B. BURNS ◽  
J. OGDEN
Keyword(s):  
Forest Edge ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Native Forest

scholarly journals Low effect on open-farmland birds of young afforestations in heterogeneous Mediterranean croplands

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan S. Sánchez-Oliver ◽  
José M. Rey Benayas ◽  
Luis M. L.M. Carrascal
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Farmland Birds ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The One

Afforestation programs such as the one promoted by the EU Common Agricultural Policy have spread tree plantations on former cropland. These afforestations attract generalist forest and ubiquitous species but may cause severe damage to open habitat species, especially birds of high conservation value. We investigated the effects of young (< 20 yr) tree plantations dominated by pine P. halepensis on bird communities inhabiting the adjacent open farmland habitat in central Spain. We hypothesize that pine plantations with larger surface, and areas at shorter distances from plantations, would result in lower bird species richness and conservation value of open farmland birds. Regression models controlling for the influence of land use types around plantations revealed significant positive effects of distance to pine plantation edge on community species richness in winter, and negative effects on an index of conservation concern (SPEC) during the breeding season. However, plantation area did not have any effect on species richness or community conservation value. Our results indicate that pine afforestation of Mediterranean cropland in heterogeneous agricultural landscapes has an overall low detrimental effect on bird species that are characteristic of open farmland habitat.

“The effects of family therapeutic interventions on mental health and quality of life of children with cancer: A systematic review”

2022 ◽  
pp. 135910452110618
Author(s):  
Konstantina Vasilopoulou ◽  
Angeliki Skoutari ◽  
Konstantinos Siomos ◽  
Nikolaos Christodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Children With Cancer

Background: The diagnosis of a childhood malignancy and the following period are very stressful for the little patient and the whole family. Depression, anxiety, and poor quality of life (QoL) are some of the negative effects of pediatric cancer to the children and their parents. Family therapeutic interventions aim to improve mental health and QoL of these children. Methods: A systematic search of the electronic database PubMed was conducted for articles that studied the effect of family therapeutic interventions on mental health and QoL of children with cancer. Results: A total of 634 articles were evaluated, of which 10 articles met the inclusion criteria. A percentage of 70% of the studies, representing seven different types of interventions, seemed to be beneficial for the participant’s mental health and QoL. The remaining three studies did not significantly improve mental health and QoL. Conclusion: The results of our review indicate that family psychosocial interventions are beneficial for children with cancer. These children and their families are a growing population requiring more patient-centered, time flexible interventions which may enhance family bonding and patients’ positive emotions.

scholarly journals Patient Evaluation of Food Waste in Three Hospitals in Southern Italy

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schiavone ◽  
Pelullo ◽  
Attena
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Side Plate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Campania Region ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Similar Patient

In recent years, food waste has received great attention and is now considered the cause of many negative effects, including health, economic, social and environmental issues. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a sample of 762 inpatients at three hospitals of Campania region in Italy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of food waste occurring in these hospitals using a structured questionnaire and asking inpatients about the average percentage of food they had disposed of in the previous three days. The overall food wasted amounted to 41.6%. The main plates, first (pasta or rice), second plate (meat or fish), resulted in similar amounts of waste (38.5% and 39.7%, respectively). The side plate (vegetable or potatoes), however, generated the greatest amount of waste (55.0%); 40.7% of patients totally discarded this part of their meals. The type of food wastage among the three hospitals reflected similar patient behaviours, with the amount of food wasted never falling below 30%. Females tended to waste more food than males (59.1% vs. 38.2%; p = 0.000). Other variables were correlated with less food waste, such as having a good opinion of the food’s quality (RR = 1.91; 95% C.I. = 1.68–2.17) and satisfaction with the foodservice in general (RR = 1.86; 95% C.I. = 1.64–2.10). Poor quality, different eating habits and the feeling of satiety were the main reasons patients gave for food waste. Our study suggests that the most promising way to reduce food waste in hospitals is to improve the quality of meals and to establish an individual, simplified and flexible meal reservation process based on specific needs and preferences.

Factors influencing early vegetation establishment following soil scarification in a mixed forest in northern Japan

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiya Yoshida ◽  
Yoko Iga ◽  
Megumi Ozawa ◽  
Mahoko Noguchi ◽  
Hideaki Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Dwarf Bamboo ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tall Tree ◽  
Northern Japan

Scarification is widely conducted in northern Japan to remove understory dwarf bamboo species in degraded forests for replacement with tree species. To explore ways to enhance species diversity and restoration of mixed forest at the treated site, we clarified the mechanisms that lead to compositional heterogeneity of plant species. We evaluated the relative importance of environmental factors (scarification properties, soil properties, light conditions, litter cover, and presence of canopy trees) for the demography of tall tree species (emergence, mortality, and growth) and whole vegetation structure (species diversity and composition) over the two growing seasons immediately following scarification. Of tall tree species, Betula spp. were dominant (60% in total density), followed by Abies sachalinensis (Fr. Schm.) Masters, Acer mono Maxim., and Phellodendron amurense Rupr. Light intensity was an important factor, having mostly negative effects on the demography of these species. Soil factors (e.g., nitrogen content, moisture) affected the demography mainly of shade-intolerant or hygrophilous species. In general, extreme environmental conditions led to the dominance of grasses, forbs, and lianas rather than tall trees. Maintenance of canopy cover, which limits light and supplies seeds as well as litter, proved to be most important in promoting plant species diversification on the scarification site.

scholarly journals Gammarus-Microbial Interactions: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Organic Matter Fractions

Gammarusspp. are typically classified as shredders under the functional feeding group classification. In the wild and in the laboratory,Gammarusspp. will often shred leaves, breaking them down into finer organic matter fractions. However, leaf litter is a poor quality food source (i.e., high C : N and C : P ratios) and very little leaf material is assimilated by shredders. In freshwater habitats leaf litter is colonized rapidly (within ∼1-2 weeks) by aquatic fungi and bacteria, making the leaves more palatable and nutritious to consumers. Several studies have shown thatGammarusspp. show preference for conditioned leaves over nonconditioned leaves and certain fungal species to others. Furthermore,Gammarusspp. show increased survival and growth rates when fed conditioned leaves compared to non-conditioned leaves. Thus,Gammarusspp. appear to rely on the microbial biofilm associated with leaf detritus as a source of carbon and/or essential nutrients. Also,Gammarusspp. can have both positive and negative effects on the microbial communities on which they fed, making them an important component of the microbial loop in aquatic ecosystems.

Influence of Recycled Aggregate on Physical and Mechanical Properties of High Performance Recycled Aggregate Concrete

2011 ◽  
Vol 460-461 ◽  
pp. 764-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Dong Xu ◽  
Jia Ying Sun
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Recycled Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Recycled Aggregate ◽  
Ion Permeability ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Aggregate Concrete ◽  
Positive Effects

Influence of recycled aggregate on slump, compressive strength and chloride ion permeability of recycled aggregate concrete was investigated. As is shown by the results, although recycled aggregate belongs to the category of poor quality aggregate, the properties of high performance recycled aggregate concrete are not reduced dramatically with the increasing amount of recycled aggregate, for recycled aggregate have both positive effects and negative effects on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete. The high performance recycled aggregate concrete can be developed by double-mixture of ultra fine fly ash and superplasticizer.

Geographical variation, population structure and gene flow between populations of Chrysophtharta agricola (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a pest of Australian eucalypt plantations

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.F. Nahrung ◽  
G.R. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Eucalypt Plantations ◽  
Pest Outbreaks ◽  
High Allelic Diversity

AbstractChrysophtharta agricola (Chapuis) is a pest of commercial eucalypt plantations in Tasmania and Victoria. Vagility of pest populations may result in difficulty predicting temporal and spatial pest outbreaks, and influence genetic resistance to chemical control. Gene flow in this pest species was estimated to assess predicability of attack, the potential efficacy of natural enemies, and the likelihood of resistance build-up. Ten geographic populations of C. agricola (six from Tasmania, one from the Australian Capital Territory, one from New South Wales and two from Victoria) were examined for genetic variation and gene flow using cellulose acetate allozyme electrophoresis. Six enzyme systems (PGI, PGD, PGM, IDH, HEX and MPI) were consistently polymorphic and scorable and were used to quantify estimated gene flow between populations. FST values and analysis of molecular variance indicated that gene flow was restricted between populations. Chrysophtharta agricola exhibited high levels of heterozygosity, probably because of high allelic diversity, and because all loci examined were polymorphic. The southern-most population was the most genetically different to other Tasmanian populations, and may also have been the most recently colonized. Limited gene flow implies that outbreaks of C. agricola should be spatially predictable and populations susceptible to control by natural enemies. Our results also imply that genetic resistance to chemical control may occur under frequent application of insecticide. However, testing population movement between plantations and native forest also needs to be conducted to assess gene flow between forest types.

scholarly journals Diversity of Diurnal Raptors in a Suburban Area of a City in Southern Chile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Muñoz-Pedreros ◽  
Varia Dellacasa
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Location ◽  
Suburban Area ◽  
Tree Plantations ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Exotic Tree ◽  
Acoustic Surveys ◽  
Raptor Conservation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Raptor conservation programs should be based on knowledge of the birds’ ecology in both natural and urban habitats, justifying the inclusion of ecological studies in suburban zones into regional planning initiatives. The objectives of this study were (a) to determine the use by diurnal raptors of the habitat in a suburban area of a city in southern Chile, and (b) to characterize the different zones into five types of environment, and assess their raptor diversity for consideration in territorial planning. Acoustic surveys were conducted in auditory stations in addition to observations from fixed transects and trails. From a total of 161.39 hours of census, we obtained 664 sightings corresponding to ten species of diurnal raptors. The richest environment was dense forest (eight species), followed by grassland (six species), native forest regeneration (five species), shrubs (four species) and exotic tree plantations (three species). We discuss the relationship between the richness of diurnal raptors, the types of environment in the study area, and the spatial location of the sites, as well as the implications for territorial planning to support the conservation of birds of prey in the suburban zone studied.

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