scholarly journals Expression profiling reveals novel role of Hunchback in retinal glia cell development and blood-brain barrier integrity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Montserrat Torres-Oliva ◽  
Julia Schneider ◽  
Gordon Wiegleb ◽  
Felix Kaufholz ◽  
Nico Posnien
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Cell Development ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Gene Clustering ◽  
Glia Cell ◽  
Blood Brain

AbstractThe development of different cell types must be tightly coordinated in different organs. The developing head of Drosophila melanogaster represents an excellent model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying this coordination because the eye-antennal imaginal discs contain the organ anlagen of nearly all adult head structures, such as the compound eyes or the antennae. We studied the genome wide gene expression dynamics during eye-antennal disc development in D. melanogaster to identify new central regulators of the underlying gene regulatory network. Expression based gene clustering and transcription factor motif enrichment analyses revealed a central regulatory role of the transcription factor Hunchback (Hb). We confirmed that hb is expressed in two polyploid retinal subperineurial glia cells (carpet cells). Our functional analysis shows that Hb is necessary for carpet cell development and loss of Hb function results in abnormal glia cell migration and photoreceptor axon guidance patterns. Additionally, we show for the first time that the carpet cells are an integral part of the blood-brain barrier.

scholarly journals Neuroinflammatory mechanisms of blood-brain barrier damage in ischemic stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (2) ◽  
pp. C135-C153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjun Yang ◽  
Kimberly E. Hawkins ◽  
Sylvain Doré ◽  
Eduardo Candelario-Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain

As part of the neurovascular unit, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a unique, dynamic regulatory boundary that limits and regulates the exchange of molecules, ions, and cells between the blood and the central nervous system. Disruption of the BBB plays an important role in the development of neurological dysfunction in ischemic stroke. Blood-borne substances and cells have restricted access to the brain due to the presence of tight junctions between the endothelial cells of the BBB. Following stroke, there is loss of BBB tight junction integrity, leading to increased paracellular permeability, which results in vasogenic edema, hemorrhagic transformation, and increased mortality. Thus, understanding principal mediators and molecular mechanisms involved in BBB disruption is critical for the development of novel therapeutics to treat ischemic stroke. This review discusses the current knowledge of how neuroinflammation contributes to BBB damage in ischemic stroke. Specifically, we provide an updated overview of the role of cytokines, chemokines, oxidative and nitrosative stress, adhesion molecules, matrix metalloproteinases, and vascular endothelial growth factor as well as the role of different cell types in the regulation of BBB permeability in ischemic stroke.

The treatment of brain metastasis from breast cancer, role of blood-brain barrier disruption and early experience with trastuzumab

Therapy ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Marie Tyson ◽  
Dale F Kraemer ◽  
Matthew A Hunt ◽  
Leslie L Muldoon ◽  
Peter Orbay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Brain Metastasis ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Early Experience ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Barrier Disruption ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Disruption ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Brain Barrier Disruption

scholarly journals Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid inflammation and the blood-brain barrier in older surgical patients: the Role of Inflammation after Surgery for Elders (RISE) study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarinnapha M. Vasunilashorn ◽  
◽  
Long H. Ngo ◽  
Simon T. Dillon ◽  
Tamara G. Fong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Csf Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Our understanding of the relationship between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remains limited, which poses an obstacle to the identification of blood-based markers of neuroinflammatory disorders. To better understand the relationship between peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) markers of inflammation before and after surgery, we aimed to examine whether surgery compromises the blood-brain barrier (BBB), evaluate postoperative changes in inflammatory markers, and assess the correlations between plasma and CSF levels of inflammation. Methods We examined the Role of Inflammation after Surgery for Elders (RISE) study of adults aged ≥ 65 who underwent elective hip or knee surgery under spinal anesthesia who had plasma and CSF samples collected at baseline and postoperative 1 month (PO1MO) (n = 29). Plasma and CSF levels of three inflammatory markers previously identified as increasing after surgery were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and chitinase 3-like protein (also known as YKL-40). The integrity of the BBB was computed as the ratio of CSF/plasma albumin levels (Qalb). Mean Qalb and levels of inflammation were compared between baseline and PO1MO. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine the correlation between biofluids. Results Mean Qalb did not change between baseline and PO1MO. Mean plasma and CSF levels of CRP and plasma levels of YKL-40 and IL-6 were higher on PO1MO relative to baseline, with a disproportionally higher increase in CRP CSF levels relative to plasma levels (CRP tripled in CSF vs. increased 10% in plasma). Significant plasma-CSF correlations for CRP (baseline r = 0.70 and PO1MO r = 0.89, p < .01 for both) and IL-6 (PO1MO r = 0.48, p < .01) were observed, with higher correlations on PO1MO compared with baseline. Conclusions In this elective surgical sample of older adults, BBB integrity was similar between baseline and PO1MO, plasma-CSF correlations were observed for CRP and IL-6, plasma levels of all three markers (CRP, IL-6, and YKL-40) increased from PREOP to PO1MO, and CSF levels of only CRP increased between the two time points. Our identification of potential promising plasma markers of inflammation in the CNS may facilitate the early identification of patients at greatest risk for neuroinflammation and its associated adverse cognitive outcomes.

scholarly journals The Role of Autophagy during Group BStreptococcusInfection of Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelium

2014 ◽  
Vol 289 (52) ◽  
pp. 35711-35723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Cutting ◽  
Yvette Del Rosario ◽  
Rong Mu ◽  
Anthony Rodriguez ◽  
Andreas Till ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain

Role of thrombin-PAR1-PKCθ/δ axis in brain pericytes in thrombin-induced MMP-9 production and blood–brain barrier dysfunction in vitro

Neuroscience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 350 ◽  
pp. 146-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Machida ◽  
Shinya Dohgu ◽  
Fuyuko Takata ◽  
Junichi Matsumoto ◽  
Ikuya Kimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Brain Pericytes

scholarly journals Pseudogene ACTBP2 increases blood–brain barrier permeability by promoting KHDRBS2 transcription through recruitment of KMT2D/WDR5 in Aβ1–42 microenvironment

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianshuo Liu ◽  
Xiaobai Liu ◽  
Defeng Zhao ◽  
Xuelei Ruan ◽  
Rui Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Bbb Permeability ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
And Function

AbstractThe blood–brain barrier (BBB) has a vital role in maintaining the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). Changes in the structure and function of BBB can accelerate Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. β-Amyloid (Aβ) deposition is the major pathological event of AD. We elucidated the function and possible molecular mechanisms of the effect of pseudogene ACTBP2 on the permeability of BBB in Aβ1–42 microenvironment. BBB model treated with Aβ1–42 for 48 h were used to simulate Aβ-mediated BBB dysfunction in AD. We proved that pseudogene ACTBP2, RNA-binding protein KHDRBS2, and transcription factor HEY2 are highly expressed in ECs that were obtained in a BBB model in vitro in Aβ1–42 microenvironment. In Aβ1–42-incubated ECs, ACTBP2 recruits methyltransferases KMT2D and WDR5, binds to KHDRBS2 promoter, and promotes KHDRBS2 transcription. The interaction of KHDRBS2 with the 3′UTR of HEY2 mRNA increases the stability of HEY2 and promotes its expression. HEY2 increases BBB permeability in Aβ1–42 microenvironment by transcriptionally inhibiting the expression of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5. We confirmed that knocking down of Khdrbs2 or Hey2 increased the expression levels of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-5 in APP/PS1 mice brain microvessels. ACTBP2/KHDRBS2/HEY2 axis has a crucial role in the regulation of BBB permeability in Aβ1–42 microenvironment, which may provide a novel target for the therapy of AD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document