scholarly journals Dose old age lead to gluttony? Effects of aging on predation and locomotion in the assassin bug Amphibolus venator

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentarou Matsumura ◽  
Mana Iwaya ◽  
Naohisa Nagaya ◽  
Ryusuke Fujisawa ◽  
Takahisa Miyatake
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Foraging Ability ◽  
Assassin Bug ◽  
Effects Of Aging

AbstractAnimal behaviors are often affected by aging. In many insect species, locomotor activity decreases with aging. Foraging ability may also decrease with aging. However, few studies have investigated the effects of aging on both locomotor activity and foraging ability. In the present study, we tested the aging effect on locomotor activity and foraging ability in the assassin bug Amphibolus venator. The present results showed that locomotor activity decreased with age, similar to findings in many other animal species. However, foraging ability increased with age. Namely, the decline in locomotor activity with age did not lead to a decline in foraging ability. The positive relationship between foraging ability and age may be related to the type of predation, sit-and-wait, used by A. venator via alterations in investment in reproductive traits with age.

scholarly journals Age-dependent walking and feeding of the assassin bug Amphibolus venator

Behaviour ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Kentarou Matsumura ◽  
Mana Iwaya ◽  
Naohisa Nagaya ◽  
Ryusuke Fujisawa ◽  
Takahisa Miyatake
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
The Other ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Assassin Bug ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Animal behaviours often dependent on age. In many insect species, walking shows an age-dependent decline, and food intake may also be dependent on age. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between age and walking or food intake. In the present study, we compared walking traits and food intake among individuals of different ages in the assassin bug Amphibolus venator (Hemiptera, Reduviidae). The present results showed an age-dependent decline in walking, similar to findings in many animal species. On the other hand, food intake showed a positive correlation with age. Therefore, the decline in walking did not lead to a decline in feeding. The positive relationship between food intake and age may be related to the type of predation, sit-and-wait, used by A. venator via alterations in investment in reproductive traits with age.

Effects of aging on entrainment and rate of resynchronization of circadian locomotor activity

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (5) ◽  
pp. R1099-R1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Zee ◽  
R. S. Rosenberg ◽  
F. W. Turek
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Phase Advance ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Free Running Period ◽  
Related Phase

The phase angle of entrainment of the circadian rhythm of the locomotor activity rhythm to a light-dark (LD) cycle was examined in young (2-5 mo old) and middle-aged (13-16 mo old) hamsters. An age-related phase advance in the onset of locomotor activity relative to lights off was seen during stable entrainment to a 14:10-h LD cycle. In addition, the effects of age on the rate of reentrainment of the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity were examined by subjecting young and middle-aged hamsters to either an 8-h advance or delay shift of the LD cycle. Middle-aged hamsters resynchronized more rapidly after a phase advance of the LD cycle than did young hamsters, whereas young hamsters were able to phase delay more rapidly than middle-aged hamsters. The age-related phase advance of activity onset under entrained conditions, and the alteration of responses in middle-aged hamsters reentraining to a phase-shifted LD cycle, may be due to the shortening of the free-running period of the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity with advancing age that has previously been observed in this species.

scholarly journals Age-related differences in binaural masking level differences: behavioral and electrophysiological evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 2939-2952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Anderson ◽  
Robert Ellis ◽  
Julie Mehta ◽  
Matthew J. Goupell
Keyword(s):  
Aging Effect ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Behavioral Experiment ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Frequency Following Response ◽  
Binaural Processing ◽  
Threshold Difference ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Effects Of Aging

The effects of aging and stimulus configuration on binaural masking level differences (BMLDs) were measured behaviorally and electrophysiologically, using the frequency-following response (FFR) to target brainstem/midbrain encoding. The tests were performed in 15 younger normal-hearing (<30 yr) and 15 older normal-hearing (>60 yr) participants. The stimuli consisted of a 500-Hz target tone embedded in a narrowband (50-Hz bandwidth) or wideband (1,500-Hz bandwidth) noise masker. The interaural phase conditions included NoSo (tone and noise presented interaurally in-phase), NoSπ (noise presented interaurally in-phase and tone presented out-of-phase), and NπSo (noise presented interaurally out-of-phase and tone presented in-phase) configurations. In the behavioral experiment, aging reduced the magnitude of the BMLD. The magnitude of the BMLD was smaller for the NoSo–NπSo threshold difference compared with the NoSo–NoSπ threshold difference, and it was also smaller in narrowband compared with wideband conditions, consistent with previous measurements. In the electrophysiology experiment, older participants had reduced FFR magnitudes and smaller differences between configurations. There were significant changes in FFR magnitude between the NoSo to NoSπ configurations but not between the NoSo to NπSo configurations. The age-related reduction in FFR magnitudes suggests a temporal processing deficit, but no correlation was found between FFR magnitudes and behavioral BMLDs. Therefore, independent mechanisms may be contributing to the behavioral and neural deficits. Specifically, older participants had higher behavioral thresholds than younger participants for the NoSπ and NπSo configurations but had equivalent thresholds for the NoSo configuration. However, FFR magnitudes were reduced in older participants across all configurations. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Behavioral and electrophysiological testing reveal an aging effect for stimuli presented in wideband and narrowband noise conditions, such that behavioral binaural masking level differences and subcortical spectral magnitudes are reduced in older compared with younger participants. These deficits in binaural processing may limit the older participant's ability to use spatial cues to understand speech in environments containing competing sound sources.

scholarly journals Anti-aging properties of metformin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Anna Małgorzata Łopuszyńska ◽  
Mateusz Pawlicki ◽  
Magdalena Kozioł ◽  
Aleksandra Krasa ◽  
Ewa Piekarska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Aging Effect ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Ampk Signaling ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Aging Properties ◽  
Effects Of Aging

 Introduction: Life expectancy of human population is being constantly prolonged, hence there is a lot of research into drug that will prevent the effects of aging. There are many reports that metformin, which is a drug used in type 2 diabetes, has anti-aging effects. It belongs to the group of biguanides and has been used since the 1950s. It is a relatively safe, cheap and effective drug, which makes it a promising subject for many studies. The purpose of this review is to present the latest developments in this field. Material and methods: PubMed scientific base was searched using following keywords: metformin, aging, anti-aging, in years 2017-2021. Results: Numerous studies show that metformin has an impact on aging through the nutrient pathway, AMPK signaling pathway, and its effects on reactive oxygen species. In addition, it has an anti-cancer effect, inhibiting, among others, rectal cancer cells and p53 mutant colon cancer. Research in rodents has shown that this drug has anti-aging effects on many organs, including the CNS, ovaries, prostate, heart muscle and skin. Conclusions: Metformin, which is the most commonly used oral drug in type 2 diabetes, has many other mechanisms of action. Its anti-aging effect works on many organs in our bodies, which gives hope to find an anti-aging substance. However, multicentre, randomized trials are needed to determine the exact anti-aging dose, its possible side effects, and effects on various organisms. 

scholarly journals Rescue of skeletal muscle α-actin–null mice by cardiac (fetal) α-actin

2009 ◽  
Vol 185 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen J. Nowak ◽  
Gianina Ravenscroft ◽  
Connie Jackaman ◽  
Aleksandra Filipovska ◽  
Stefan M. Davies ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Pathological Features ◽  
Congenital Myopathies ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Mouse Lines

Skeletal muscle α-actin (ACTA1) is the major actin in postnatal skeletal muscle. Mutations of ACTA1 cause mostly fatal congenital myopathies. Cardiac α-actin (ACTC) is the major striated actin in adult heart and fetal skeletal muscle. It is unknown why ACTC and ACTA1 expression switch during development. We investigated whether ACTC can replace ACTA1 in postnatal skeletal muscle. Two ACTC transgenic mouse lines were crossed with Acta1 knockout mice (which all die by 9 d after birth). Offspring resulting from the cross with the high expressing line survive to old age, and their skeletal muscles show no gross pathological features. The mice are not impaired on grip strength, rotarod, or locomotor activity. These findings indicate that ACTC is sufficiently similar to ACTA1 to produce adequate function in postnatal skeletal muscle. This raises the prospect that ACTC reactivation might provide a therapy for ACTA1 diseases. In addition, the mouse model will allow analysis of the precise functional differences between ACTA1 and ACTC.

scholarly journals Gompertz’ Hazard Law as a Network Principle of Aging

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Jakob Korf ◽  
Arthur A. Sas
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Small World ◽  
Small World Network ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Mortality Pattern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gompertz Law

Background: Life-spanning population survivorship curves (the number of survivors versus age) are conventionally regarded as a demographic issue. Most often, the term hazard, the relative mortality per age-interval, is used as a typical survivorship parameter. Population survivorship curves are construed from cross-sectional data (single event per individual; here, mortality). Objective: We tested (quantitatively) how Gompertz’ law describes the mortality pattern of a wide variety of organisms, some of them fed with lifespan affecting diets. Moreover, we tested (semi-quantitatively) whether Gompertz’ law describes the disintegration of a (biological) small-world network. Methods: The Gompertz tests, explored in demographic data of humans (male/female) and 4 animal species (mice, honeybees, fruit flies, houseflies), were analyzed with conventional software. The Gompertz law was examined in a small-world network model. Results: Gompertz' law applies to all cohorts; thus, with or without exposure to experimental conditions. It describes in all cohorts old-age slowing of mortality. Gompertz’ law is compatible with a gradual and random increase of connections in the network model. Conclusion: Old-age deceleration of mortality is a characteristic of many populations. Aging has to be understood as a lifetime increasing of excitatory or, alternatively, of decreasing inhibitory (biological) connections, thereby facilitating pathogenic mechanisms.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN ANTARA DUKUNGAN SOSIAL KELUARGA DENGAN SUCCESSFUL AGING PADA LANSIA DI RW 06 DESA BULU KECAMATAN AGROMULYO SALATIGA

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayan Nandia Sari ◽  
Christiana Hari Soetjiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Successful Aging ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Data Use ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Family Social Support

This study aims to determine whether or not there is a relationship between family social support and successful aging in the elderly. Successful aging is meant to achieve success in old age with one of the factors being family social support. The subjects of this study were elderly aged between 60-85 years in RW 06 Desa Bulu kec. Argomulyo Salatiga. Data use taken quantitative method with a sample model of saturated and sampling nonprobability sampling. Based on the results of the study the results of correlation coefficient (r) = 0.042; p <0.05 with the influence of social support on successful aging at 4.8% and 95.2% influenced by other factors. The researcher concluded that there was a positive relationship between social support and successful aging in the elderly in RW 06 Desa Bulu Kec. Argomulyo Salatiga. Keywords: Family Social Support; Successful aging

scholarly journals Relationship between longevity and selected production, reproduction and type traits

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Strapák ◽  
J. Candrák ◽  
J. Aumann
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Milk Traits ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Dairy Traits ◽  
Type Traits ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values

The correlations between longevity, functional longevity, stayability and selected milk, reproductive and type traits were estimated; it was done on the basis of estimated breeding values for longevity, functional longevity, dairy traits, reproductive traits and stayability rates at the age of 60, 72, 84, and 96 months. The correlation between breeding values for longevity and functional longevity was 0.69. The correlations between longevity and stayability at 60, 72, 84, and 96 months of age were around 0.75 (from 0.73 to 0.76) whereas the correlation with stayability at 48 months was considerably lower (0.64). The breeding values for dairy traits showed a positive relationship with longevity (from 0.37 to 0.46) and a slightly negative correlation with breeding values for functional longevity (from &ndash;0.10 to &ndash;0.20). A low relationship was found between longevity and reproductive traits. Between the type traits and longevity traits only the conformation score for the form (0.18) and for the udder showed a positive correlation (0.24). The correlation between the form and functional longevity remained approximately on the same level whereas the correlation with the main udder score decreased to 0.08, which indicated a positive relationship between milk traits and udder scores. &nbsp;

scholarly journals P4-410: EFFECTS OF AGING, SEX AND MENOPAUSE ON TOTAL BRAIN VOLUME AT MIDDLE AND EARLY OLD AGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. P1459-P1459
Author(s):  
Stephanie Than ◽  
Chris Moran ◽  
Richard Beare ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Amanda Vincent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Total Brain Volume ◽  
Total Brain ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Early Old Age
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