scholarly journals Classification of Indian States and Union Territories based on their Soil Macronutrient and Organic Carbon Profiles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashant Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Absolute Correlation

AbstractSoil fertility determines the successful development of a plant, and therefore it is important to achieve food security. Imbalanced and inadequate use of chemical fertilizers, irregular irrigation and harmful cultural practices deplete the soil profile nutrient profile, which is critical for the successful crop production. This study presents the results of the classification of the states across India based on their soil macronutrient profile. The entanglement coefficient of Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) and the neighbour-joining method was 0.81. Absolute correlation values were determined among the different classes of the soil nitrogen content and the corresponding classes of the soil phosphorus content. The K-mean clustering method divided the states and union territories into the three clusters. Overall, this works represents the grouping of Indian soils based on their soil macronutrient and organic carbon content.

scholarly journals Characterization of Fusarium Spp. Inciting Vascular Wilt of Tomato and Its Management by a Chaetomium-Based Biocontrol Consortium

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Govindan Pothiraj ◽  
Zakir Hussain ◽  
Awani Kumar Singh ◽  
Amolkumar U. Solanke ◽  
Rashmi Aggarwal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Disease ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Vascular Wilt ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Wilt Incidence

Though the vascular wilt of tomato caused by the species of Fusarium is globally reported to be a complex disease in certain countries, for example, India, our studies indicated that the disease is caused by either Fusarium oxysporum f. spp. lycopersici (Fol) or Fusarium solani (FS) with the Fol being widely prevalent. In assessing the genetic diversity of 14 Fol strains representing the four Indian states by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averaging using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) amplicons, the strains distinguished themselves into two major clusters showing no correlation with their geographic origin. In pot experiments under polyhouse conditions, the seed dressing and soil application of a talc-based formulation of a biocontrol treatment, TEPF-Sungal-1 (Pseudomonas putida) + S17TH (Trichoderma harzianum) + CG-A (Chaetomium globosum), which inhibited Fol, was equally effective like the cell suspensions and was even better than the fungicidal mixture (copper oxychloride-0.25% + carbendazim-0.1%) in promoting the crop growth (52.3%) and reducing vascular wilt incidence (75%) over the control treatment, despite the challenge of inoculation with a highly pathogenic TOFU-IHBT strain. This was associated with significant expressions of the defense genes, indicating the induction of host resistance by a biocontrol consortium. In field experiments on two locations, the bioconsortium was highly effective in recording maximum mean fruit yields (54.5 and 60%) and a minimum mean vascular wilt incidence (37.5%) in comparison to the untreated control. Thus, Chaetomium-based bioconsortium demonstrated consistency in its performance across the two experiments in 2 years under the two field conditions.

The impact of erosion on the classification of Mollisols in Iowa

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Fenton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Taxonomy ◽  
Field Mapping ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Taxonomic System

Fenton, T. E. 2012. The impact of erosion on the classification of Mollisols in Iowa. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 413–418. The fertile black soils in the Great Plains and Western States of the United States are dark brown Chernozems in the Canadian system of soil taxonomy and Mollisols, when a mollic epipedon is present, according to the United States soil taxonomy. Other primary criteria are organic carbon content, color, structure, and thickness of the mollic epipedon. Accelerated erosion can affect all of these properties and is especially critical for soils that have slope gradients of more than 2%. Accelerated erosion and erosion phases are recognized in field mapping based on the amount of A horizon remaining but criteria provided in the Soil Taxonomy guidelines conflict with procedures outlined in the Soil Survey Field Manual and result in a dichotomy between the classification system and field mapping practices. Soil map unit data for the five most extensive Mollisol soil series in Iowa that have multiple phases of slope and erosion were summarized and variations between the taxonomic and survey principles were identified. Eroded units comprise 26 to 77% of the total mapped area of the series studied and do not qualify as Mollisols under the taxonomic system. However, under the principle of following the genetic thread to classify soils, the taxonomic system should be modified to accommodate the eroded units that have the same genetic pathway as their uneroded counterparts. This could be accomplished by placing primary emphasis on the organic carbon content and waiving the color requirement for eroded soil map units.

First identification of core accessions of Jatropha curcas from India based on molecular genetic diversity

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratima Sinha ◽  
Md Aminul Islam ◽  
Madan Singh Negi ◽  
Shashi Bhushan Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Indian States ◽  
The Core ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Molecular Genetic Diversity ◽  
Entire Collection

We report on identification of core collection from 192 accessions collected from 12 Indian states and five other countries based on 109 polymorphic amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Pairwise Jaccard's similarity coefficient for accessions varied from 0.25 to 1 with a maximum genetic distance of 0.75 obtained between accessions Jc428 (from Mexico) and J204 (from Madurai, Tamil Nadu). Both UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Averages) clustering and principal coordinate analyses showed similar grouping of accessions in three major clusters in which Mexican accessions clustered separately from Indian, Chinese and African accessions. Results obtained from analysis of molecular variance indicated that 59% of the genetic variation was distributed among the populations, while 41% of variation was within the populations. A total of 16 (8.3% of the entire collection) core accessions were identified, which contained the entire allelic diversity of 192 accessions with respect to the sampled AFLP loci. The core accessions would be highly useful for future genetic improvement of Jatropha. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on identification of core accessions in Jatropha.

Application of DNA fingerprinting for the classification of selected almond [Prunus dulcis (Miller) D. A. Webb] cultivars

2000 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 995 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. Woolley ◽  
G. G. Collins ◽  
M. Sedgley
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method ◽  
Prunus Webbii

Almond cultivars developed in Australia are thought to have descended from 2 breeding lines, 1 from hard-shelled Spanish/Jordan types, and the other from paper-shell Californian types. However, the precise derivation of many individual Australian cultivars is uncertain. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to estimate the genetic similarities between 50 accessions of almond cultivars derived from Australia, California, Europe and the Middle East, and individual accessions of Prunus orientalis (Miller) D. A. Webb and Prunus webbii (Spach) Vieh. Amplification products were analysed using the simple matching coefficient and the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages to cluster individuals into a dendrogram. Cultivars known to have originated in Europe or the Middle East clustered in a different group from those known to have originated in California confirming the 2 suspected breeding lines. The origin of some common Australian commercial cultivars was inferred by their placement on the dendrogram, and the possible parentage of some Australian selections is discussed.

RELATIONS BETWEEN AGGREGATE STABILITY AND ORGANIC COMPONENTS FOR A SILT LOAM SOIL

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. PERFECT ◽  
B. D. KAY
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Aggregate Stability ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Organic Carbon Pool ◽  
Wet Aggregate Stability

Rates of change in wet-aggregate stability under different cropping systems have been reported. These data were used to infer rates of change in the amount of stabilizing materials present. Increases in wet-aggregate stability did not correlate with increases in total organic carbon content, suggesting that some components of the organic carbon pool are more actively involved in stabilizing aggregates than others. Assuming a linear relation between these active components and wet-aggregate stability, the amount of stabilizing materials present should increase exponentially with time when forages are introduced onto soil previously used for row crop production. Key words: Soil structure, wet-aggregate stability, organic matter, corn, forages

scholarly journals Boron availability in relation to some important soil chemical properties in acid soils of Cooch Behar district, West Bengal

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2400-2403
Author(s):  
Dipa Kundu ◽  
Rubina Khanam ◽  
Sushanta Saha ◽  
Umalaxmi Thingujam ◽  
G. C. Hazra
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Global Positioning

In the present study, we investigated the distribution of soil available boron and its relationship with some soil properties in the samples collected from different locations in acidic alluvial soils of Cooch Behar district in West Bengal during 2013-2014. For the study about two hundred fifty (250) georeferenced surface soil samples covering 11 blocks of the districts were collected with the help of a global positioning system (GPS). The soil results revealed that pH of the analyzed samples varied from 4.91-7.28 (mean value 5.68) which indicated that soils of the district were in the acidic to slightly acidic in reaction. Organic carbon content of the soils varied from 0.42 to 1.62 % with a mean value of 0.96 % and about 93.7 % of the samples were high whereas about 5.2 and 1.2 % of the samples analyzed were in medium and low category, respectively. Results also indicated that the available B content in the soils of the districts ranged from 0.04 to 3.87 mg kg-1 with a mean value of 0.51 mg kg-1 and about 38.26 % soil samples were classified under low, whereas, 3.58 and 0.35 % samples were categorized as medium and high in available B content. It was further indicated that the content of available B in soil was positively correlated with organic carbon (r = 0.170**) and negatively correlated with pH (r = -0.021). Organic carbon status was also found to be positively and non significantly correlated with soil pH (r = 0.062). The results of the study would be immensely helpful for the extension workers to recommended B application considering pH and organic carbon status in acidic soils of the district for a profitable crop production.

scholarly journals Rose Germplasm Analysis with RAPD Markers

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.H. Jan ◽  
D.H. Byrne ◽  
J. Manhart ◽  
H. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Similarity Matrix ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Traditional Classification ◽  
Germplasm Analysis ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Unweighted Pair Group Method

The genus Rosa consists of more than 100 species classified into four subgenera, Eurosa, Platyrhodon, Hesperhodos, and Hulthemia, and distributed widely throughout the northern hemisphere. The subgenus Eurosa includes 11 sections. The other subgenera are monotypic. One hundred and nineteen accessions and 213 markers of 36 rose species that include eight sections of the subgenus Eurosa and one species each from the subgenera Hesperhodos and Platyrhodon were used to calculate a similarity matrix, which was clustered with the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic means (UPGMA). The RAPD markers distinguished between all the rose accessions, and species grouped into their respective sections. Therefore, classification of Rosa using RAPD data generally supports traditional classification. The Asian rose sections (Laevigatae, Banksianae, Bracteatae, Pimpinellifoliae, Chinenses, and Synstylae) were consistently separated from the primarily North American sections (Cassiorhodon and Carolinae). The Cassiorhodon and Carolinae sections were grouped together with the subgenera Hesperhodos and Platyrhodon. Both subgenera separated out at the same level as sections within the subgenus Eurosa, suggesting that they are more appropriately classified as sections within the subgenus Eurosa. Sections Cassiorhodon and Carolinae overlapped, and are probably best grouped as one section as previously suggested.

scholarly journals Zbiorowiska namułkowe z klasy Isoëto-Nanojuncetea Br.-Bl. et Tx. 1943 w Polsce [Occurrence of the Isoëto-Nanojuncetea-class communities in Poland]

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 1-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Popiela
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Numerical Classification ◽  
Character Species ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés ◽  
Complete Catalogue ◽  
Made In

The <em>Isoëto-Nanojuncetea</em>-class includes short-lived and ephemerical communities occurring on temporarily flooded places in Western, Southern and Central Europe and Northern Africa. Results of the numerical classification of 739 phytosociological releves of the communities occurring in Poland are presented and discussed. Ali the releves were made in accordance with the principles of the BRAUN-BLANQUET school of syntaxonomy. The calculations were performed using NCLAS program of the SYN-TAX IV package. The JACCARD formuła and the unweighted pair-group method, using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) were applied. There is a strong habitat and floristic differentation of the communities of the <em>Isoëto-Nanojuncetea</em>-class occurring in Poland. The results of the numerical classification indicate that, the distuinguished communities belong to two alliances: the <em>Radiolion linoidis</em> (Rivas Goday 1961) Pietsch 1965 (for associations occurring on synanthropic localities like stubble fields) and the <em>Elatini-Eleocharition ovatae</em> Pietsch 1965 (for communities growing on bottoms of dried ponds and exposed river or lakę banks). The distinguished communities arę phytosociologically characterized on basis of 223 selected releves. These arę: <em>Spergulario-Illecebretum verticillati, Ranunculo-Myosuretum minimi, Centaurium pulchellum-Pottia truncata-commumiy, Heleocharetum ovatae, Cyperetum flavescentis</em> and <em>Cyperus fuscus-Limosella aquatica</em>-commumiy. The study focused on: (1) attempting to solve the problem of phytosociological classification for the communities occurring in Poland, (2) preparing a complete catalogue of them and (3) giving the full list of character species (also among bryophytes) of distinguished syntaxa. It has led to finding out the relation between the communities occurring in Poland and the associations of Western Europe. The problem of the naturality of certain distinguished associations was discussed. The paper gives also some open questions demanding further studies and some suggestions of methods to be applied.

scholarly journals Characterization and Classification of Soils of Bharuch Taluka in Bharuch District of Gujarat

Agropedology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Jangir ◽  
◽  
R. P. Sharma ◽  
G. Tiwari ◽  
B. Dash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Base Saturation ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Alkaline Ph ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
High Base

A detailed soil survey was undertaken at 1:10000 scale to describe, characterize, classify and evaluate the soils of Bharuch taluka, Bharuch district, Gujarat. Old and recent basaltic alluvial plains are the major landforms of the area. A total of 74 pedons, representing old (41 pedons) and recent (33 pedons) alluvial plains were studied. The soils were correlated and three soil series viz. Umraj, Derol and Singdot were identified. The Umraj belong to a very fine, smectitic Typic Haplusterts covers 30,839 ha (48.5 %) area, whereas Derol and Singdot a fine, smectitic Vertic Haplustepts and fine, mixed, Typic Haplustepts covers 20,604 ha (32.5 %) and 4,164 ha (6.6 %) area, respectively. The sand, silt and clay in the soils varied from 8 to 31, 24 to 49 and 23 to 67 per cent, respectively. The soils were very deep, neutral to slightly alkaline (pH 7.3 to 8.4) with low to medium in organic carbon content (0.14 to 0.58 %), low to high in calcium carbonate (1.9 to 16.5 %) with medium to high CEC [39.4 to 62.0 cmol (p+) kg-1] and high base saturation (67.4 to 92.0 %). Soils were assessed as highly to moderately suitable for major crops (cotton, pigeonpea, maize, sugarcane, wheat and chickpea).

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