scholarly journals An approach to stress assessment during hunting: Cortisol levels of wild boar (Sus scrofa) during drive hunts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Güldenpfennig ◽  
Marion Schmicke ◽  
Martina Hoedemaker ◽  
Ursula Siebert ◽  
Oliver Keuling
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Impact

AbstractOnly little is known about the effect of stress (both short-term and long-term) on wildlife species. To get an idea of stress in wildlife, we investigated the cortisol level of wild boar during drive hunts in Lower Saxony, Germany. Cortisol as one of the main stress hormone in mammals is considered to have negative impacts on the animal’s well-being if expressed excessively (repeatedly over a longer period). We analysed serum cortisol levels of 115 samples using a radioimmunoassay and compared sampling month, hunting grounds, age classes and sexes, as well as possible correlations between cortisol level and weight and pregnancy status of female wild boar. We found that cortisol levels during these drive hunts exhibit wide variation. The mean cortisol level was 411.16 nmol/L with levels ranging from 30.60 nmol/L (minimum) to 1,457.92 nmol/L (maximum). Comparing age groups and sexes, we found significant differences between the sexes, with females having a higher cortisol levels than males. After grouping age groups and sexes together, we also found significant differences based on the age-sex group. We found no correlation between cortisol levels and weight, but significantly higher cortisol levels in pregnant females compared to non-pregnant females. No differences were found between sampling months and locations, respectively. These results show the impact of drive hunts on stress in wild boar; nevertheless, this impact of drive hunts as performed in most parts of Central Europe seems to be not as high as imagined. Still, we need more information about cortisol levels and stress in (hunted) wildlife species.

scholarly journals An approach to assess stress in response to drive hunts using cortisol levels of wild boar (Sus scrofa)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine Güldenpfennig ◽  
Marion Schmicke ◽  
Martina Hoedemaker ◽  
Ursula Siebert ◽  
Oliver Keuling
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Lower Saxony ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effect Of Age

AbstractHunting can easily be linked to stress in wildlife. Drive hunts performed two to three times in one area during the respective hunting period, are thought to decrease the pressure hunting places on wildlife. Nevertheless, the expression of cortisol—one of the main mammalian stress hormones—is considered to have negative impacts on animals’ well-being if expressed excessively, which may occur during some (especially repeated) hunting events. We explored the effect of drive hunts on cortisol levels in wild boar in Lower Saxony, Germany, compared these cortisol levels to reference values given by a similar study, and investigated the effect of age, sex, and pregnancy. Blood collected from wild boar shot on drive hunts was analysed using a radioimmunoassay. As expected, we observed elevated cortisol levels in all samples, however, we still found significant differences between age groups and sexes, as well as an influence of pregnancy on cortisol levels. The effect of drive hunts on cortisol levels appears to be weaker than predicted, while the effects of other variables, such as sex, are distinct. Only half of the evaluated samples showed explicitly increased cortisol levels and no significant differences were found between sampling months and locations. Group living animals and pregnant females showed significantly higher cortisol levels. The impact of hunting is measurable but is masked by natural effects such as pregnancy. Thus, we need more information on stress levels in game species.

The Impact of High Cortisol Level in Increasing Incidence of Infection Cases Among Acute Stroke Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 3079-3084
Author(s):  
Indah Ari Handaayani ◽  
Muhammad Hamdan ◽  
Paulus Sugianto ◽  
Achmad Firdaus Sani ◽  
Mohammad Saiful Ardhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Serum Cortisol Level ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Infection in the stroke was a treatment major problem, because it determines the prognosis. In the acute phase of stroke, high level cortisol may lead to a decreased immune system and patients tend to be more susceptible to infection. The correlation of serum cortisol level among acute stroke patients with incidence of infection was not fully investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between initial serum cortisol levels and the incidence of infection in acute stroke patients. A prospective cohort study was conducted on 32 of acute stroke patients who admitted in RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya during the period December 2015 to February 2016. Total of 2 cc to the venous blood within 48 hours in onset of stroke being examined of serum cortisol. During the 7 days of hospitalization, the patient was observed for signs of infection, both clinically and the investigation in accordance with the operational definition. In the infected group there were 8 people (50%) with high cortisol levels (p = 0.015; RR 15,000; 95% IK 1.583-143,171); 6 people were (50%) using urine catheter (p = 0.049; RR 6,667; 95% IK 1.067-30.085); And 6 people were (54.5%) using NGT (p = 0,035; RR 7,200; 95% IK 1.311-39,557). In multivariate analysis obtained that Odds Ratio (OR) 15,468 based on high cortisol and OR 7,469 based on NGT usage. High cortisol levels and the use of NGT had the effect on the incidence of infection in acute stroke.

Impact of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) on Pregnant Women: A Review

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Habeeb ◽  
Manju Chugani
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

: The novel coronavirus infection (COVID‐19) is a global public health emergency.Since its outbreak in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the infection has spread at an alarming rate across the globe and humans have been locked down to their countries, cities and homes. As of now, the virus has affected over 20million people globally and has inflicted over 7 lac deaths. Nevertheless, the recovery rate is improving with each passing day and over 14 million people have recuperated so far. The statistics indicate that nobody is immune to the disease as the virus continues to spread among all age groups; newborns to the elders, and all compartmentsincluding pregnant women. However, pregnant women may be more susceptible to this infection as they are, in general, highly vulnerable to respiratory infections. There is no evidence for vertical transmission of the COVID-19 virus among pregnant women, but an increased prevalence of preterm deliveries. Besides this, the COVID-19 may alter immune response at the maternal-fetal interface and affect the well-being of mothers as well as infants. Unfortunately, there is limited evidence available in the open literature regarding coronavirus infection during pregnancy and it now appears that certain pregnant women have infected during the present 2019-nCoV pandemic. In this short communication, we study the impact of the COVID-19 infection on vertical transmission and fetal outcome among pregnant women.

scholarly journals PSIII-13 Preliminary assessment of the impact of liver abscess presence on stress-related physiological parameters associated with well-being in feedlot cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Faith Baier ◽  
Temple Grandin ◽  
Terry Engle ◽  
Lily Edwards-Callaway
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Hair Cortisol ◽  
Liver Abscesses ◽  
Hair Samples ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Liver abscesses can affect cattle performance, though the impact on well-being is relatively unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between liver abscess presence and stress-related parameters in feedlot cattle. Three hundred and sixty-three feedlot steers (675 ± 2.3 kg) that were enrolled in a nutrition feeding experiment were allocated to one of three groups based on the liver abscess score assigned after slaughter. The liver abscess scoring groups were: no liver abscess presence (NLA; n = 316); mild liver abscess presence (MLA; n = 21) and severe liver abscess presence (SLA; n = 24). Two animals were unable to be assigned liver abscess scores. Two days prior to slaughter, at the time of weighing, hair samples were collected from the right rump of each animal and analyzed for cortisol concentrations. Additionally, during restraint, infrared thermography was used to quantify eye temperatures and a mobility score was assigned to each animal upon chute exit. During slaughter, exsanguination blood was collected from 115 of the 363 animals and analyzed for serum cortisol concentrations. Cattle were blocked by nutrition feeding treatments and data were analyzed using analyses of variance to determine differences in outcome variables between liver abscess score groups. All animals were included in the infrared analysis and 115 animals were included in the serum and hair cortisol analyses. Infrared thermography (P = 0.55), hair cortisol (P = 0.96), and serum cortisol (P = 0.21) were similar across all liver abscess scores. All animals exhibited normal mobility, thus these values were not included in the analysis. The data indicate that under the conditions of this experiment, liver abscesses did not impact measured stress-related outcomes. Additional research is necessary to understand the impact of liver abscess presence on other stress-related parameters associated with well-being in cattle.

scholarly journals Cancer-Related Concerns Among Women With a New Diagnosis of Gynecological Cancer: An Exploration of Age Group Differences

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Myers Virtue ◽  
Sharon L. Manne ◽  
Melissa Ozga ◽  
David W. Kissane ◽  
Stephen Rubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Gynecological Cancer ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
New Diagnosis ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveThe study aimed to characterize cancer-related concerns among women with a new diagnosis of gynecological cancer from a developmental life stage perspective. The study compared the degree of cancer-related concern between young women (45 years or younger), middle age women (46–64 years), and older women (65 years or older).Materials/MethodsData from women (N = 243) with a condition diagnosed as primary gynecological cancer who were participating in a randomized control trial were analyzed. Women completed a measure that assessed the degree of concern in 12 cancer-related domains (physical functioning, cancer treatment, emotional functioning, sexual functioning, disease progression/death, own well-being, partner well-being, relationship with spouse/partner, body image, relationship with others, employment, and finances). Multivariate comparisons were made between the 3 age groups on the cancer-related concerns.ResultsThere were age group differences in overall cancer-related concern and specific cancer-related domains. Young women reported the greatest cancer-related concern (P < 0.001). They reported greater concern over emotional functioning (P < 0.001) and sexual functioning (P < 0.001) compared to the middle- and older-age groups. Older women reported less concern over the impact of cancer on finances (P = 007). There were no differences between age groups in concern over physical impairment, cancer treatment, disease progression/death, own well-being, partner well-being, relationship with spouse/partner, body image, and relationship with others.ConclusionsAge may play an important role in the impact of a gynecological cancer diagnosis in domains of functioning, specifically emotional functioning, sexual functioning, and finances. Other cancer-related areas may represent more universal degree of impact. Professionals may benefit from considering the impact of cancer from a developmental life stage perspective.

Increased Total Serum Random Cortisol Levels Predict Mortality in Critically Ill Trauma Patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1112-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urmil Pandya ◽  
Nathan Polite ◽  
Teresa Wood ◽  
Michael Lieber
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity Score ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Dysfunction in the hypothalamopituitary adrenal axis is thought to exist; however, there continues to be controversy about what level of serum cortisol corresponds to adrenal insufficiency. Few studies have focused on the significance of serum random cortisol in the critically ill trauma patient. Trauma patients with total serum random cortisol levels drawn in the intensive care unit within the first seven days of hospitalization were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome measured was in-hospital mortality. Two hundred forty-two patients were analyzed. Non-survivors had significantly higher mean cortisol levels than survivors (28.7 ± 15.80 mg/dL vs 22.9 ± 12.35 mg/dL, P = 0.01). Patients with cortisol 30 mg/dL or greater were more likely to die with odds ratio of 2.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.5 to 5). The odds ratio increased to 4.0 and 3.8 (95% CI, 1.4 to 11.4 and 1.3 to 10.9) when cortisol was drawn on hospital Day 2 and Days 3 through 7, respectively. Among nonsurvivors, patients with an injury severity score less than 25 had significantly higher cortisol levels than patients with an Injury Severity Score 25 or higher (35.3 ± 19.21 mg/dL vs 25.7 ± 13.21 mg/dL, P = 0.009). Patients with massive transfusion, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, or solid organ injury did not have significantly different cortisol levels. The covariate-adjusted area under the receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that cortisol level has a 77 per cent accuracy in differentiating survivors from nonsurvivors. Higher cortisol levels were predictive of mortality in critically ill trauma patients. Whether serum cortisol level is a marker that can be modified remains an area of interest for future study.

scholarly journals The Impact of Technological Advancement on Digital Addiction Level of Youth in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S) ◽  
pp. 775-783
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The People ◽  
Digital Addiction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

As India is overrunning towards digitalization, and along with showing technological advancements and conveniences, it has also presented some unfortunate consequences for the youth. This research paper focuses on the serious concern of negative effects of technology on the teenagers and youngsters of the country. The researcher has attempted to identify the various factors having influence on youth’s digital addiction level and also analysis the impact of demographic variables on it. The study has been conducted through the structured questionnaire rolling among the people of different age groups to analyse the perception of the different occupation on the addiction level of the youth. With the sample size of 405 people, the finding has uncovered the facts of addiction level, and the mess between the youth and overuse of gadget. The results also suggest how the parents can tackle with the negative effects of technology for the well-being of their children.

scholarly journals Effects of Serum Cortisol Levels on Perinatal Prognosis in Patients with Hypertensive Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaoxiang Huo ◽  
Yeqiang Qin ◽  
Xiucui Bao ◽  
Xiaoling Yao ◽  
Zhangwei Pu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
The Other ◽  
Serum Cortisol Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Case Number

Objective: To investigate the effect of serum cortisol level on perinatal prognosis in patients with hypertensive disorder during pregnancy. Methods: In this study, different degrees of patients with hypertensive disorder during pregnancy who were admitted from August 2018 to August 2019 in our hospital were selected as the research subjects, and divided into groups according to the severity of the patients' conditions. The 120 patients were divided into gestational hypertension group, preeclampsia group and eclampsia group, with 40 cases each, and another 40 healthy pregnant women were selected. The detection of serum cortisol levels was carried out for the above 4 groups of pregnant women. Results: The serum cortisol level in the control group was (260.35 ± 10.96) nmol / L. The case number of neonatal asphyxia was 1 (2.50%), the case number of premature births was 1 (2.50%), the number of fetal growth restriction was 1 (2.50%), the number of deaths was 0, and the other three groups were higher than this. It showed as gestational hypertension <preeclampsia <eclampsia. The Apgar score of pregnant women in the control group was (9.13 ± 0.29), the ZL index was (1.07 ± 0.07), and the other three groups were lower than this. It showed as gestational hypertension> preeclampsia> eclampsia. There were significant differences between groups (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Early detection of serum cortisol levels in pregnant women is beneficial to timely improve the symptoms of gestational hypertension, thereby suppressing the effects of serum cortisol on perinatal infants and improving the prognosis of newborns.

scholarly journals Children Coping, Contextual Risk and their Interplay during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Spanish Case

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Domínguez-Álvarez ◽  
Laura López-Romero ◽  
Aimé Isdahl-Troye ◽  
José Antonio Gómez-Fraguela ◽  
Estrella Romero
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risk And Resilience ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Child Coping ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the lives of millions of people around the globe and some of the unprecedent emerged disruptions, are likely to have been particularly challenging for young children (e.g., school closures, social distancing measures, movement restrictions). Studying the impact of such extraordinary circumstances on their well-being is crucial to identify processes leading to risk and resilience. To better understand how Spanish children have adapted (or fail to) to the stressful disruptions resulting from the pandemic outbreak, we examined the effects of child coping and its interactions with contextual stressors (pandemic and family-related) on child adjustment, incorporating in our analysis a developmental perspective. Data was collected in April 2020, through parent-reports, during the acute phase of the pandemic and, temporarily coinciding with the mandatory national quarantine period imposed by the Spanish Government. A sample of 1,123 Spanish children (50% girls) aged three to 12 (Mage = 7.26; SD = 2.39) participated in the study. Results showed differences in the use of specific strategies by children in different age groups (i.e., 3-6, 7-9 and 10-12-year-olds). Despite the uncontrollable nature of the pandemic-related stressors, child disengagement coping was distinctively associated to negative outcomes (i.e., higher levels of behavioral and emotional difficulties), whereas engagement coping predicted psychosocial adjustment across all age groups. Moreover, interactively with child coping, parent fear of the future and parent dispositional resilience appear as relevant contextual factors to predict both negative and positive outcomes, but their effects seem to be age dependent, suggesting a higher contextual vulnerability for younger children. These findings might have implications for identifying individual and contextual risk and informing potential preventive interventions aimed to reduce the impact of future pandemic outbreaks on children of different ages.

scholarly journals Effects of Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon Essential Oil Aromatherapy on Mood States and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Healthy Volunteers

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Chaiyavat Chaiyasut ◽  
Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi ◽  
Jakkrit Wongwan ◽  
Kanyarat Thiwan ◽  
Wandee Rungseevijitprapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Litsea Cubeba ◽  
Salivary Cortisol Level ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Impact

Aromatherapy is one of the complementary therapies to improve health. The aromatic essential oils have been used in the treatment procedure through inhalation of essential oil vapor, massage, and herbal bathing. Litsea species are generally used in traditional medicine, and Litsea cubeba (Lour.) Persoon is a potent fumigant plant, used in cosmetics and foods as essence. The chemical composition of the essential oil of different parts of L. cubeba has been found to be varied. L. cubeba essential oil (LEO) is known for the treatment of cognition-associated discomforts. The current study assessed the impact of inhalation of LEO on mood states and salivary cortisol levels of healthy people. Fifteen healthy volunteers were involved in the study. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) Questionnaire and ELISA methods were employed to determine the mood states and salivary cortisol level, respectively. (-)-β-pinene, β-citral, cis- and trans-citral, citronellal, limonene, linalool, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one were detected in LEO by GC-MS analysis. The heart rate and blood pressure were not affected significantly during LEO exposure. The inhalation of LEO significantly improved the total mood disturbance and reduced the confusion among the healthy human subjects. LEO inhalation reduced the salivary cortisol level at a notable level. The results of the current study warrant further studies on the beneficial effect of LEO aromatherapy in healthy and diseased subjects to uncover the therapeutic nature of the L. cubeba plant.

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