scholarly journals Do professional fights go too long?: A video review of concussions and their consequences in professional boxing and MMA matches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Bernick ◽  
Tucker Hansen ◽  
Winnie Ng ◽  
Vernon Williams ◽  
Margaret Goodman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Analysis ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Combat Sport ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Video Review ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Retrospective Video Analysis ◽  
Professional Boxing

AbstractObjectivesDetermine, through video reviews, how often concussions occur in combat sport matches, how well non-medical personnel can be trained to recognize concussions and how often fights are judged to continue too long.MethodsThis is a retrospective video analysis by an 8 person panel of 60 professional fights (30 boxing and 30 mixed martial arts). Through video review, medical and non-medical personnel recorded details about each probable concussion and determined if and when they would have stopped the fight compared to the official stoppage time.ResultsA concussion was recorded in 47/60 fights. The fighter that sustained the first concussion ultimately lost 98% of the time. The physician and non-physician raters had 86% agreement regarding the number of concussions that occurred to each fighter per match. The mean number of concussions per minute of fight time was 0.08 (0.06 for boxers and 0.10 for MMA). When stratifying by outcome of the bout, the mean number of concussion per minute for the winner was 0.01 compared to the loser at 0.15 concussions per minute. The physician raters judged that 24 of the 60 fights (11 boxing [37%]; 13 MMA [43 %]) should have been stopped sooner than what occurred.ConclusionRecognizing that the losing fighter almost always is concussed first and tends to sustain more concussions during the fight, along with the demonstration that non-physician personnel can be taught to recognize concussion, may guide policy changes that improve brain health in combat sports.

scholarly journals Football concussion case series using biomechanical and video analysis

Neurology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (23 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S2.2-S2
Author(s):  
Mirellie Kelley ◽  
Jillian Urban ◽  
Derek Jones ◽  
Alexander Powers ◽  
Christopher T. Whitlow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Linear Acceleration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Rotational Acceleration ◽  
Impact Location ◽  
Injury Mechanisms ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Impact Data

Approximately 1.1–1.9 million sport-related concussions among athletes ≤18 years of age occur annually in the United States, but there is limited understanding of the biomechanics and injury mechanisms associated with concussions among lower level football athletes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to combine biomechanical head impact data with video analysis to characterize youth and HS football concussion injury mechanisms. Head impact data were collected from athletes participating on 22 youth and 6 HS football teams between 2012 and 2017. Video was recorded, and head impact data were collected during all practices and games by instrumenting players with the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System. For each clinically diagnosed concussion, a video abstraction form was completed, which included questions concerning the context in which the injury occurred. Linear acceleration, rotational acceleration, and impact location were used to characterize the concussive event and each injured athlete's head impact exposure on the day of the concussion. A total of 9 (5 HS and 4 youth) concussions with biomechanics and video of the event were included in this study. The mean [range] linear and rotational acceleration of the concussive impacts were 62.9 [29.3–118.4] g and 3,056.7 [1,046.8–6,954.6] rad/s2, respectively. Concussive impacts were the highest magnitude impacts for 6 players and in the top quartile of impacts for 3 players on the day of injury. Concussions occurred in both practices (N = 4) and games (N = 5). The most common injury contact surface was helmet-to-helmet (N = 5), followed by helmet-to-ground (N = 3) and helmet-to-body (N = 1). All injuries occurred during player-to-player contact scenarios, including tackling (N = 4), blocking (N = 4), and collision with other players (N = 1). The biomechanics and injury mechanisms of concussions varied among athletes in our study; however, concussive impacts were among the highest severity for each player and all concussions occurred as a result of player-to-player contact.

scholarly journals Video Analysis and Verification of Direct Head Impacts Recorded by Wearable Sensors in Junior Rugby League Players

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauchlan John Carey ◽  
Douglas P Terry ◽  
Andrew McIntosh ◽  
Peter Stanwell ◽  
Grant L Iverson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Analysis ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Video Review ◽  
Direct Head ◽  
Elite Level

Abstract Background: Rugby League is a high-intensity collision sport that carries a risk of concussion. Youth athletes are considered to be more vulnerable and take longer to recover from concussion than adult athletes. Purpose: To review head impact events in elite level junior representative rugby league and to verify and analyze x-patchTM recorded impacts via video analysis.Study Design: Observational case series.Methods: The x-patchTM was used on twenty-one adolescent players (thirteen forwards and eight backs) during a 2017 junior representative rugby league competition. Game day footage, recorded by a trained videographer from a single camera, was synchronized with accelerometer timestamps. Impacts were double verified by video review. Impact rates, playing characteristics, and game play situations were described.Results: The x-patchTM recorded 624 impacts 20g between game start and finish, of which 564 (90.4%) were verified on video. Upon video review, 413 (73.2%) of all verified impacts 20g where determined to be direct head impacts. Direct head impacts 20g occurred at a rate of 5.2 impacts per game hour; 7.6 for forwards and 3.0 for backs (range=0-18.2). A defender’s arm directly impacting the head of the ball carrier was the most common event, accounting for 21.3% (n=120) of all impacts, and 46.7% of all “hit-up” impacts. There were no medically diagnosed concussions during the competition.Conclusion: The majority (90.4%) of impacts 20g recorded by the x-patchTM sensor were verified by video. Double verification of direct head impacts in addition to cross-verification of sensor recorded impacts using a secondary source such as synchronized video review can be used to ensure accuracy and validation of data.

scholarly journals Theoretical Basis of Technical-tactical Behavior and its Application in Ultimate Full Contact Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Fernando C. Loio Pinto ◽  
Henrique P. Neiva ◽  
Ricardo Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Combat Sport ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Training Models ◽  
Full Contact ◽  
Physiological Load ◽  
Tactical Training ◽  
Tactical Knowledge

Background: Technical-tactical training has been shown to be relevant to performance in a competition. In this regard, several studies have analysed the efficiency of technical-tactical dynamics in combat sports. However, these researchers have mainly focused on technical efficiency, and therefore more research is needed regarding tactical efficiency. Furthermore, to the best of our knowledge, there are no published experiential studies on Ultimate Full Contact. Objective: This brief review will analyse the theoretical basis of technical-tactical behaviour for training application in Ultimate Full Contact, characterising the modality under cognitive and dynamic-ecological approaches. This knowledge can be transferred and applied to similar modalities, such as Pankration, Free Fight, Shooto, and Mixed Martial Arts (MMA). Conclusion: The theoretical technical-tactical knowledge created through competition is essential because it is the only way that improvement in the training process can occur. Ultimate Full Contact is characterised as a combat sport of special complexity and intermitent intensity, where the technical-tactical factors are decisive for the performance while the physical component can be a conditioning factor. A careful regulation between technical-tactical training load and physiological load is essential to obtain adjustable adaptations. Both cognitive and dynamic-ecological approaches should be considered based on the respective training models.

A Modified Syringe Plunger Device Significantly Reduces Guidewire Threading Time Regardless of Experience Level or the Presence of Presbyopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
August Ysa ◽  
Marta Lobato ◽  
Ederi Mikelarena ◽  
Amaia Arruabarrena ◽  
Roberto Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Endovascular Techniques ◽  
Professional Background ◽  
New Device ◽  
Absolute Time ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Single Center Study ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a new guidewire threading instrument (GTI) in reducing guidewire threading times compared with the traditional freehand method. Materials and Methods: This prospective, controlled, single-center study recruited 100 subjects (mean age 45.2±11.3 years; 43 men) and divided them into 2 groups depending on their professional background: 50 experienced medical personnel (performed or assisted in >50 catheter-based procedures) and 50 medical personnel with no experience in endovascular techniques (inexperienced group). The threading time of both groups was recorded using the conventional freehand method and with the GTI for both 0.035- and 0.014-inch platforms. Users of eyeglasses for presbyopia were tested with and without glasses. Median values are reported with the interquartile range (IQR; Q1, Q3) in parentheses. Results: The mean insertion times with both the 0.035-inch and 0.014-inch guidewires in the overall study group were significantly better with the use of the GTI compared with the traditional freehand method (p<0.001). Both the experienced and the inexperienced participants improved their insertion times using the GTI with both guidewire platforms (p<0.001). The threading time with the new device was also significantly reduced (p<0.001) for both participants with presbyopia and those without. When comparing the median absolute time improvement (difference between freehand/GTI insertion times) for the 0.014-inch platform, the inexperienced group showed a greater improvement in their performance [3.52 seconds (IQR 2.76, 5.12)] compared with the experienced group [1.87 seconds (IQR 1.37, 2.66), p<0.001]. The median “absolute time improvement” was also significantly greater for the presbyopic group [5.75 seconds (IQR 3.14, 8.20)] vs the group without age-related visual impairment [2.64 seconds (IQR 1.65, 3.36), p<0.001]. Conclusion: This simple and inexpensive homemade device facilitates wire threading of low-profile catheters and seems to be especially helpful for trainees with no experience and presbyopic operators.

scholarly journals Practices of Weight Regulation Among Elite Athletes in Combat Sports: A Matter of Mental Advantage?

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Pettersson ◽  
Marianne Pipping Ekström ◽  
Christina M. Berg
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Combat Sport ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
National Team ◽  
Common Notion ◽  
Age Range

Context The combination of extensive weight loss and inadequate nutritional strategies used to lose weight rapidly for competition in weight-category sports may negatively affect athletic performance and health. Objective To explore the reasoning of elite combat-sport athletes about rapid weight loss and regaining of weight before competitions. Design Qualitative study. Setting With grounded theory as a theoretical framework, we employed a cross-examinational approach including interviews, observations, and Internet sources. Sports observations were obtained at competitions and statements by combat-sport athletes were collected on the Internet. Patients or Other Participants Participants in the interviews were 14 Swedish national team athletes (9 men, 5 women; age range, 18 to 36 years) in 3 Olympic combat sports (wrestling, judo, and taekwondo). Data Collection and Analysis Semistructured interviews with 14 athletes from the Swedish national teams in wrestling, judo, and taekwondo were conducted at a location of each participant's choice. The field observations were conducted at European competitions in these 3 sports. In addition, interviews and statements made by athletes in combat sports were collected on the Internet. Results Positive aspects of weight regulation other than gaining physical advantage emerged from the data during the analysis: sport identity, mental diversion, and mental advantage. Together and individually, these categories point toward the positive aspects of weight regulation experienced by the athletes. Practicing weight regulation mediates a self-image of being “a real athlete.” Weight regulation is also considered mentally important as a part of the precompetition preparation, serving as a coping strategy by creating a feeling of increased focus and commitment. Moreover, a mental advantage relative to one's opponents can be gained through the practice of weight regulation. Conclusions Weight regulation has mentally important functions extending beyond the common notion that combat-sport athletes reduce their weight merely to gain a physical edge over their opponents.

scholarly journals Radiation protection effect of mobile shield barrier for the medical personnel during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a quasi-experimental prospective study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e027729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang Hyun Chung ◽  
Young Sook Park ◽  
Sang Bong Ahn ◽  
Byoung Kwan Son
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Mean

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of radiation protection offered by a newly designed mobile shield barrier for medical personnel during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).DesignQuasi-experimental prospective study.SettingERCP procedures conducted between October 2016 and June 2017 at a single secondary referral hospital that performs approximately 250 therapeutic ERCP procedures annually.InterventionsThe mobile shield barrier was a custom-made 2 mm Pb shielding plate (width: 120 cm, height: 190 cm) with a 0.5 mm Pb window (width: 115 cm, height: 60 cm) on its upper part was used. Four wheels were attached to the bottom to allow easy moving.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe radiation doses were measured during ERCP using personal thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) badges on both sides of the mobile shield barrier (patient’s side: TLD1 and medical staff’s side: TLD2). The radiation doses were also measured on the outer surface of the thyroid shield of the endoscopist (TLD3), and on the chest area inside the protective apron of the endoscopist (TLD4) and the main assistant (TLD5). The TLD was changed and reported once every 3 months. The radiation dose measured by TLD badges were compared.ResultsDuring the study period, a total of 128 ERCP procedures were performed. The mean fluoroscopy time per procedure was 244.9±257.0 s and the mean number of digital radiographs per procedure was 3.7±1.0. TLD1 (outside the barrier) had a mean radiation dose of 26.85±3.47 mSv and all the other TLDs (inside the barrier) had less than 1 mSv (p<0.001). In the post hoc analysis, the difference between TLD1 and others showed a statistical significance; however, there were no significant differences between the TLDs inside the barrier.ConclusionOur mobile shield barrier was useful to reduce the radiation exposure of medical personnel during ERCP.

scholarly journals Can height categories replace weight categories in striking martial arts competitions? A pilot study

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gal Dubnov-Raz ◽  
Yael Mashiach-Arazi ◽  
Ariella Nouriel ◽  
Raanan Raz ◽  
Naama W. Constantini
Keyword(s):  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Combat Sports ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Disordered Eating Behaviors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Current Weight ◽  
Karate Athletes

Abstract In most combat sports and martial arts, athletes compete within weight categories. Disordered eating behaviors and intentional pre-competition rapid weight loss are commonly seen in this population, attributed to weight categorization. We examined if height categories can be used as an alternative to weight categories for competition, in order to protect the health of athletes. Height and weight of 169 child and adolescent competitive karate athletes were measured. Participants were divided into eleven hypothetical weight categories of 5 kg increments, and eleven hypothetical height categories of 5 cm increments. We calculated the coefficient of variation of height and weight by each division method. We also calculated how many participants fit into corresponding categories of both height and weight, and how many would shift a category if divided by height. There was a high correlation between height and weight (r = 0.91, p<0.001). The mean range of heights seen within current weight categories was reduced by 83% when participants were divided by height. When allocating athletes by height categories, 74% of athletes would shift up or down one weight category at most, compared with the current categorization method. We conclude that dividing young karate athletes by height categories significantly reduced the range of heights of competitors within the category. Such categorization would not cause athletes to compete against much heavier opponents in most cases. Using height categories as a means to reduce eating disorders in combat sports should be further examined.

scholarly journals Video Analysis and Verification of Direct Head Impacts Recorded by Wearable Sensors in Junior Rugby League Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauchlan Carey ◽  
Douglas P. Terry ◽  
Andrew S. McIntosh ◽  
Peter Stanwell ◽  
Grant L. Iverson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Analysis ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Rugby League ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Youth Athletes ◽  
Video Review ◽  
Direct Head ◽  
Elite Level

Abstract Background Rugby league is a high-intensity collision sport that carries a risk of concussion. Youth athletes are considered to be more vulnerable and take longer to recover from concussion than adult athletes. Purpose To review head impact events in elite-level junior representative rugby league and to verify and describe characteristics of X-patchTM-recorded impacts via video analysis. Study Design Observational case series. Methods The X-patchTM was used on twenty-one adolescent players (thirteen forwards and eight backs) during a 2017 junior representative rugby league competition. Game-day footage, recorded by a trained videographer from a single camera, was synchronised with X-patchTM-recorded timestamped events. Impacts were double verified by video review. Impact rates, playing characteristics, and gameplay situations were described. Results The X-patchTM-recorded 624 impacts ≥ 20g between game start and finish, of which 564 (90.4%) were verified on video. Upon video review, 413 (73.2%) of all verified impacts ≥ 20g where determined to be direct head impacts. Direct head impacts ≥ 20g occurred at a rate of 5.2 impacts per game hour; 7.6 for forwards and 3.0 for backs (range = 0–18.2). A defender’s arm directly impacting the head of the ball carrier was the most common event, accounting for 21.3% (n = 120) of all impacts, and 46.7% of all “hit-up” impacts. There were no medically diagnosed concussions during the competition. Conclusion The majority (90.4%) of head impacts ≥ 20g recorded by the X-patchTM sensor were verified by video. Double verification of direct head impacts in addition to cross-verification of sensor-recorded impacts using a secondary source such as synchronised video review can be used to ensure accuracy and validation of data.

scholarly journals Estimating the effect of tracking tag weight on insect movement using video analysis: A case study with a flightless orthopteran

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0255117
Author(s):  
Oto Kaláb ◽  
David Musiolek ◽  
Pavel Rusnok ◽  
Petr Hurtik ◽  
Martin Tomis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Video Analysis ◽  
Movement Speed ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Insect Movement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Light Medium

In this study, we describe an inexpensive and rapid method of using video analysis and identity tracking to measure the effects of tag weight on insect movement. In a laboratory experiment, we assessed the tag weight and associated context-dependent effects on movement, choosing temperature as a factor known to affect insect movement and behavior. We recorded the movements of groups of flightless adult crickets Gryllus locorojo (Orthoptera:Gryllidae) as affected by no tag (control); by light, medium, or heavy tags (198.7, 549.2, and 758.6 mg, respectively); and by low, intermediate, or high temperatures (19.5, 24.0, and 28.3°C, respectively). Each individual in each group was weighed before recording and was recorded for 3 consecutive days. The mean (± SD) tag mass expressed as a percentage of body mass before the first recording was 26.8 ± 3.7% with light tags, 72 ± 11.2% with medium tags, and 101.9 ± 13.5% with heavy tags. We found that the influence of tag weight strongly depended on temperature, and that the negative effects on movement generally increased with tag weight. At the low temperature, nearly all movement properties were negatively influenced. At the intermediate and high temperatures, the light and medium tags did not affect any of the movement properties. The continuous 3-day tag load reduced the average movement speed only for crickets with heavy tags. Based on our results, we recommend that researchers consider or investigate the possible effects of tags before conducting any experiment with tags in order to avoid obtaining biased results.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document