scholarly journals Transcriptional regulation of genes involved in Zn transport after foliar Zn application to Medicago sativa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Cardini ◽  
Elisa Pellegrino ◽  
Philip J. White ◽  
Barbara Mazzolai ◽  
Marco C. Mascherpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
And Zn Deficiency ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Edible Tissues

ABSTRACTZinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for both plants and animals, and Zn deficiency is one of the most widespread problems for agricultural production. Although many studies have been performed on the biofortification of staple crops with Zn, few studies have focused on forage crops. In this study the molecular mechanisms of Zn transport-related in Medicago sativa L. were investigated following foliar Zn applications aimed at increasing the accumulation of Zn in edible tissues. Zinc uptake and redistribution between shoot and root were determined following the application of six Zn doses to leaves (0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 10 mg Zn plant-1). Twelve putative genes encoding proteins involved in Zn transport (MsZIP1-7, MsZIF1, MsMTP1, MsYSL1, MsHMA4 and MsNAS1) were identified and the changes in their expression following foliar Zn application were quantified using newly designed RT-qPCR assays. Shoot and root Zn concentration was increased following foliar Zn applications ≥ 0.1 mg plant-1. Increased expression of MsZIP2, MsHMA4 and MsNAS1 in shoots, and of MsZIP2 and MsHMA4 in roots, was observed with the largest Zn dose. By contrast, MsZIP3 was downregulated in shoots at Zn doses ≥ 0.1 mg plant-1. Three functional modules were identified in the M. sativa response to foliar Zn application: genes involved in Zn uptake by cells, genes involved in vacuolar Zn sequestration and genes involved in Zn redistribution within the plant. These results will inform genetic engineering strategies aimed at increasing the efficiency of crop Zn biofortification.One-sentence summaryUpregulation of ZIP2, NASI and HMA4 and downregulation of ZIP3 are associated with Zn sequestration and shoot-to-root translocation in Medicago sativa following foliar Zn biofortification

scholarly journals Transcriptional Regulation of Genes Involved in Zinc Uptake, Sequestration and Redistribution Following Foliar Zinc Application to Medicago sativa

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Alessio Cardini ◽  
Elisa Pellegrino ◽  
Philip J. White ◽  
Barbara Mazzolai ◽  
Marco C. Mascherpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Zinc Uptake ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
And Zn Deficiency ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Gene Modules ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Foliar Zinc Application

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants and animals, and Zn deficiency is a widespread problem for agricultural production. Although many studies have been performed on biofortification of staple crops with Zn, few studies have focused on forages. Here, the molecular mechanisms of Zn transport in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were investigated following foliar Zn applications. Zinc uptake and redistribution between shoot and root were determined following application of six Zn doses to leaves. Twelve putative genes encoding proteins involved in Zn transport (MsZIP1-7, MsZIF1, MsMTP1, MsYSL1, MsHMA4, and MsNAS1) were identified and changes in their expression following Zn application were quantified using newly designed RT-qPCR assays. These assays are the first designed specifically for alfalfa and resulted in being more efficient than the ones already available for Medicago truncatula (i.e., MtZIP1-7 and MtMTP1). Shoot and root Zn concentration was increased following foliar Zn applications ≥ 0.1 mg plant−1. Increased expression of MsZIP2, MsHMA4, and MsNAS1 in shoots, and of MsZIP2 and MsHMA4 in roots was observed with the largest Zn dose (10 mg Zn plant−1). By contrast, MsZIP3 was downregulated in shoots at Zn doses ≥ 0.1 mg plant−1. Three functional gene modules, involved in Zn uptake by cells, vacuolar Zn sequestration, and Zn redistribution within the plant, were identified. These results will inform genetic engineering strategies aimed at increasing the efficiency of crop Zn biofortification.

IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT RISKS AND ZN FERTILIZATION NEEDS IN ZN BIOFORTIFICATION BREEDING IN LOWLAND RICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 382-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.H.C. RUBIANES ◽  
B.P. MALLIKARJUNA SWAMY ◽  
S.E. JOHNSON-BEEBOUT
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Greenhouse Experiment ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Soil Zn ◽  
Grain Zn Concentration

SUMMARYAs zinc (Zn) fertilizer and water management affect the expression of Zn-enriched grain traits in rice, we studied the effect of Zn fertilizer and water management on Zn uptake and grain yield of different biofortification breeding lines and the possible biases in selection for high grain Zn content. The first field experiment showed that longer duration genotypes had higher grain Zn uptake rate than shorter duration genotypes during grain filling. In the first greenhouse experiment, neither application of Zn fertilizer at mid-tillering nor application at flowering significantly increased the grain Zn concentration. In the second greenhouse experiment, application of alternate wetting and drying (AWD) significantly increased the available soil Zn and plant Zn uptake but not grain Zn concentration. Terminal drying (TD) did not increase the available soil Zn or grain Zn contents. The second field experiment confirmed that differences in TD were not important in understanding differences between genotypes. Zn application is not always necessary to breeding trials unless there is a severe Zn deficiency and there is no need to carefully regulate TD prior to harvest.

scholarly journals Identification of Differential Drought Response Mechanisms in Medicago sativa subsp. sativa and falcata through Comparative Assessments at the Physiological, Biochemical, and Transcriptional Levels

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2107
Author(s):  
Stacy D. Singer ◽  
Udaya Subedi ◽  
Madeline Lehmann ◽  
Kimberley Burton Burton Hughes ◽  
Biruk A. Feyissa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Drought Response ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drought Resilience ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Protective Proteins

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an extensively grown perennial forage legume, and although it is relatively drought tolerant, it consumes high amounts of water and depends upon irrigation in many regions. Given the progressive decline in water available for irrigation, as well as an escalation in climate change-related droughts, there is a critical need to develop alfalfa cultivars with improved drought resilience. M. sativa subsp. falcata is a close relative of the predominantly cultivated M. sativa subsp. sativa, and certain accessions have been demonstrated to exhibit superior performance under drought. As such, we endeavoured to carry out comparative physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic evaluations of an as of yet unstudied drought-tolerant M. sativa subsp. falcata accession (PI 641381) and a relatively drought-susceptible M. sativa subsp. sativa cultivar (Beaver) to increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the enhanced ability of falcata to withstand water deficiency. Our findings indicate that unlike the small number of falcata genotypes assessed previously, falcata PI 641381 may exploit smaller, thicker leaves, as well as an increase in the baseline transcriptional levels of genes encoding particular transcription factors, protective proteins, and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of stress-related compounds. These findings imply that different falcata accessions/genotypes may employ distinct drought response mechanisms, and the study provides a suite of candidate genes to facilitate the breeding of alfalfa with enhanced drought resilience in the future.

RESIDUAL EFFECTS OF HIGH RATES OF LIMESTONE, P, K AND Mg APPLICATIONS: EVIDENCE OF INDUCED Mn AND Zn DEFICIENCY IN OATS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 757-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. KOWALENKO ◽  
E. F. MAAS ◽  
C. I. VANLAERHOVEN
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonium Acetate ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Field Plot ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
And Zn Deficiency ◽  
Yield Of Oats

In a field plot study to examine the residual effects of heavy rates of coarse limestone (0, 11, 22 and 44 t/ha) in combination with P (560 kg/ha), K (1120 kg/ha), Mg (560 kg/ha) and PKMg (560 + 1120 + 560 kg/ha) applied five growing seasons previously, dry matter production of oats (grain and straw) decreased with increasing rate of limestone application. The decrease was attributed to lime-induced Mn and Zn deficiency. Both Mn and Zn uptake decreased significantly with increased limestone applications. Plant Mn and Zn concentrations were below critical levels in the heavily limed treatments. Neutral normal ammonium acetate soil extractable Mn was significantly related to oats Mn uptake and yield. This same extractant for Zn was not related to uptake of Zn or yield of oats. After the fifth season of cropping, residual limestone (Ca), P and K effects were evident as increased plant uptake and soil extractable Ca, P and K. Residual Mg was shown only by soil extractable Mg.

scholarly journals Quantify the Requirements to Achieve Grain Zn Biofortification of High-yield Wheat on Calcareous Soils

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen Wang ◽  
Zhaohui Wang ◽  
Shasha Li ◽  
Chaopeng Diao ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Harvest Index ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Established Method ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Zn Distribution ◽  
Grain Zn Concentration

AbstractThe solution to address global human Zn deficiency is Zn biofortification of staple food crops, aimed at high grain Zn concentration as well as high yield. However, the desired high grain Zn concentration above 40 mg kg-1 is rarely observed for high-yield wheat on worldwide calcareous soils, due to inadequate Zn uptake or Zn distribution to grain. The present study aims to investigate how much Zn uptake or distribution is adequate to achieve the Zn.t of high-yield wheat on calcareous soils with low available Zn (∼ 0.5 mg kg-1). Of the 123 cultivars tested in a three-year field experiment, 19 high-yield cultivars were identified with similar yields around 7.0 t ha-1 and various grain Zn concentrations from 9.3 to 26.7 mg kg-1. The adequate Zn distribution to grain was defined from the view of Zn biofortification, as the situation where the Zn distribution to grain (Zn harvest index) increased to the observed maximum of ∼ 91.0% and the Zn concentration of vegetative parts (straw Zn concentration) decreased to the observed minimum of ∼ 1.5 mg kg-1 (Zn.m). Under the assumed condition of adequate Zn distribution to grain (∼ 91.0%), all the extra Zn above Zn.m was remobilized from straw to grain and the grain Zn concentration would be increased to its highest attainable level, which was 14.5 ∼ 31.3 mg kg-1 for the 19 high-yield cultivars but still lower than 40 mg kg-1. Thus, even with the adequate Zn distribution to grain, the current Zn uptake is still not adequate and needs to be increased to 308 g ha-1 or higher to achieve Zn.t for high-yield wheat (7.0 t ha-1) on low-Zn calcareous soils. Besides, the established method here can also provide the priority measures and quantitative guidelines to achieve Zn biofortification in other wheat production regions.

The assessment of zinc status of an animal from the uptake of65Zn by the cells of whole blood in vitro

1978 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Chesters ◽  
Marie Will
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Surgical Stress ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Plasma Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Zn Status ◽  
Dietary Deficiency

1.65Zn uptake by blood cells in vitro has been compared with plasma Zn concentration and plasma alkaline phosphatase (EC3.1.3.1) activity as indicators of an animal's Zn status.2. Dietary Zn deficiency, low food intake, reduced dietary protein content and endotoxin administration all reduced plasma Zn concentration in the rat. In each case there was a parallel reduction in plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and an increase in65Zn uptake in vitro by cells of whole blood.3. A similar relationship between the three measurements existed in sheep with lowered plasma Zn concentrations whether these were caused by dietary deficiency or by post-surgical stress.4.65Zn uptake by cells of whole blood did not differentiate dietary Zn deficiency from the other factors which reduce plasma Zn under ‘field’ conditions.5.65Zn uptake by the cells in whole blood in vitro was three to five times less rapid in blood of ruminant origin than in that from non-ruminants. This difference related to the erythrocytes rather than to the leukocytes or the plasma.

scholarly journals The effect of long-term calcium supplementation on indices of iron, zinc and magnesium status in lactating Gambian women

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 821-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liya Yan ◽  
Ann Prentice ◽  
Bakary Dibba ◽  
Landing M. A. Jarjou ◽  
Dorothy M. Stirling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Ferritin Concentration ◽  
And Zn Deficiency ◽  
Zn Concentration

The effect of long-term supplementation with CaCO3 on indices of Fe, Zn and Mg status was investigated in a randomized, double-blind intervention study of sixty lactating Gambian women. The supplement contained 1000 mg Ca and was consumed between meals 5 d/week, for 1 year starting 1.5 weeks postpartum. Compliance was 100%. Plasma ferritin concentration, plasma Zn concentration and urinary Mg output were measured before, during and after supplementation at 1.5, 13, 52 and 78 weeks postpartum. No significant differences in mineral status were observed at any time between women in the supplement and placebo group. Analysis of the longitudinal data series showed that plasma ferritin and Mg excretion were characteristic of the indivdiual (P < 0·001). Within individuals, ferritin concentration was higher at 1.5 weeks postpartum than later in lactation (P = 0.002). Plasma Zn concentration was lower at 1.5 weeks postpartum than at other tima (P < 0·001), an effect which disappeared after albumin correction. Low plasma concentrations of ferritin and Zn indicated that the Gambian women were at high risk of Fe and Zn deficiency. Measurements of α1-antichymotrypsin suggested that the results were not confounded by acute-phase responses. The results of the present study indicate that 1000 mg Ca as CaCO3 given between meals does not deleteriously affect plasma ferritin and Zn concentrations or urinary Mg excretion in women who are at risk of Fe and Zn deficiency

scholarly journals Intestinal and placental zinc transport pathways

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianne Ford
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Apical Membrane ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Acrodermatitis Enteropathica ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Availability

Mammalian members of the cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) and zrt-, irt-like protein (ZIP) families of Zn transporters, initially identified in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Arabidopsis thalania spp., have been cloned during the last 8 years and have been classified as families SLC30 and SLC39 respectively. The cloning of human Zn transporters ZnT-like transporter 1 (hZTL1)/ZnT5 (SLC30A5) and hZIP4 (SLC39A4) were major advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of dietary Zn absorption. Both transporters are localised at the enterocyte apical membrane and are, therefore, potentially of fundamental importance in dietary Zn uptake. hZTL1 mediates Zn uptake when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and hZIP4 is mutated in most cases of the inherited Zn deficiency disease acrodermatitis enteropathica. Localisation of hZTL1/ZnT5 at the apical membrane of the placental syncytiotrophoblast indicates a fundamental role in the transfer of Slc30 Zn to the foetus. Observations in rodent models indicate that in the intestine increased Zn availability increases expression of Zn transporters. Human intestinal Caco-2 cells show a similar response to increasing the Zn2+ concentration of the nutrient medium in relation to the expression of mRNA corresponding to several Zn transporters and that of ZnT1 (SLC30A1) and hZTL1/ZnT5 proteins. In the human placental cell line JAR, however, expression at the mRNA level of a number of Zn transporters is not modified by Zn availability, whilst ZnT1 and hZTL1/ZnT5 proteins are reduced under Zn-supplemented conditions. These differences between Caco-2 and JAR cells in Zn transporter gene responses to Zn supply may reflect the different extracellular Zn concentrations encountered by the corresponding cell types in vitro.

scholarly journals Zinc biofortification potential of diverse mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] genotypes under field conditions

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253085
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar Haider ◽  
Mubshar Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Farooq ◽  
Sami Ul-Allah ◽  
Mohammad Javed Ansari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zinc Fertilization ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
The Impact

Zinc (Zn) is an important micronutrient for crop plants and essential for human health. The Zn-deficiency is an important malnutrition problem known globally. Biofortified foods could overcome Zn deficiency in humans. Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is an important, pulse crop frequently grown in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Mungbean could provide essential micronutrients, including Zn to humans. Therefore, it is very important to investigate the impact of Zn fertilization on the yield and grain biofortification of mungbean. Twelve mungbean genotypes (i.e., NM-28, NM-2011, NM-13-1, NM-2006, NM-51, NM-54, NM-19-19, NM-92, NM-121-25, NM-20-21, 7006, 7008) were assessed for their genetic diversity followed by Zn-biofortification, growth and yield under control (0 kg ha-1) and Zn-fertilized (10 kg ha-1) conditions. Data relating to allometric traits, yield components, grain yield and grain Zn contents were recorded. Zinc fertilization improved entire allometric and yield-related traits. Grain yield of different genotypes ranged from 439 to 904 kg ha-1 under control and 536 to 1462 kg ha-1 under Zn-fertilization. Zinc concentration in the grains varied from 15.50 to 45.60 mg kg-1 under control and 18.53 to 64.23 mg kg-1 under Zn-fertilized conditions. The tested genotypes differed in their Zn-biofortification potential. The highest and the lowest grain Zn contents were noted for genotypes NM-28 and NM-121-25, respectively. Significant variation in yield and Zn-biofortification indicated the potential for improvement in mungbean yield and grain Zn-biofortification. The genotypes NM-28 and NM-2006 could be used in breeding programs for improvement in grain Zn concentration due to their high Zn uptake potential. Nonetheless, all available genotypes in the country should be screened for their Zn-biofortification potential.

scholarly journals Resolution of the proteome, transcript and ionome dynamics upon Zn re-supply in Zn-deficient Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borjana Arsova ◽  
Sahand Amini ◽  
Maxime Scheepers ◽  
Dominique Baiwir ◽  
Gabriel Mazzucchelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Map Kinases ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Zn Deficiency ◽  
List Type ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Zn Uptake ◽  
Zn Concentration ◽  
Zn Homeostasis ◽  
Hydroponically Grown

SummaryRegulation of plant Zn acquisition is poorly understood, while Zn deficiency affects over 2 billion people worldwide. We therefore dissected the dynamic response to changes in Zn supply in Arabidopsis.Hydroponically-grown Zn starved plants were re-supplied with Zn. Subsequent time-resolved sampling strategy allowed concomitant quantification of the dynamics of Zn uptake, microsomal and soluble proteins, and specific transcripts, in space (roots and shoots) and time.Zn accumulates in roots within 10min, but 8h are needed before shoot Zn increases. By 8h, root Zn concentration was ~60% of non-starved plants. Overexpressed root Zn transporters further peaked in 10-30min post re-supply, before reaching a minimum in 120min and 200 ppm Zn. Zn-responding signaling/regulatory molecules include receptor and MAP kinases, calcium signaling proteins, phosphoinositides, G-proteins, COP9 signalosome members, as well as multiple transcription factors.Zn acquisition is a highly controlled dynamic process. Our study identifies novel players in Zn homeostasis and points to cross-talk with other nutrients. It paves the way for directed investigation of so far omitted candidates which dynamically respond to sudden changes in Zn supply but are expressed at similar levels at steady-state Zn deficiency and sufficiency.

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