scholarly journals Gain of function mutagenesis through activation tagging identifies XPB2 and SEN1 helicase genes as potential targets for drought stress tolerance in rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mouboni Dutta ◽  
Mazahar Moin ◽  
Anusree Saha ◽  
Achala Bakshi ◽  
P.B. Kirti
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
High Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Coordinated Expression ◽  
Simulated Drought ◽  
Firm Basis ◽  
Mutant Lines

AbstractWe have earlier reported on the development of an activation tagged gain-of-function mutant population in an indica rice variety, BPT-5204 (Moin et al. 2016). Screening of these gain of function mutants for water-use efficiency (WUE) followed by physiological analyses revealed the activation of two helicases, ATP-dependent RNA (SEN1) and DNA (XPB2) encoding unwinding proteins in two different mutant lines. In the current study, we examined the roles of these genes in stable activation tagged mutants of rice for drought stress responses. Transcript profiling of SEN1 and XPB2 showed their significant up-regulation under various stresses (particularly ABA and PEG). The SEN1 and XPB2 tagged mutants exhibited reduced leaf wilting, improved revival efficiency, high chlorophyll and proline contents, profuse tillering, high quantum efficiency and yield-related traits in response to simulated drought (PEG) and hormone (ABA) treatments with respect to their controls. These observations were further validated under greenhouse conditions by periodic withdrawal of water. Germination of the seeds of these mutant lines indicates their ABA insensitivity under high ABA concentration. Also, the associated high up-regulation of stress-specific genes suggests that their drought tolerance might have been because of the coordinated expression of several stress responsive genes in these two mutants. Altogether, our results provided a firm basis for SEN1 and XPB2 as potential candidates for manipulation of drought tolerance and improving rice performance and yield under limited water conditions.

scholarly journals Spermine: Its Emerging Role in Regulating Drought Stress Responses in Plants

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jahan ◽  
Md. Nazmul Hossain ◽  
Zunaira Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effects Of Drought

In recent years, research on spermine (Spm) has turned up a lot of new information about this essential polyamine, especially as it is able to counteract damage from abiotic stresses. Spm has been shown to protect plants from a variety of environmental insults, but whether it can prevent the adverse effects of drought has not yet been reported. Drought stress increases endogenous Spm in plants and exogenous application of Spm improves the plants’ ability to tolerate drought stress. Spm’s role in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, glyoxalase systems, methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification, and creating tolerance for drought-induced oxidative stress is well documented in plants. However, the influences of enzyme activity and osmoregulation on Spm biosynthesis and metabolism are variable. Spm interacts with other molecules like nitric oxide (NO) and phytohormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, to coordinate the reactions necessary for developing drought tolerance. This review focuses on the role of Spm in plants under severe drought stress. We have proposed models to explain how Spm interacts with existing defense mechanisms in plants to improve drought tolerance.

scholarly journals A Novel WRKY Transcription Factor from Ipomoea trifida, ItfWRKY70, Confers Drought Tolerance in Sweet Potato

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 686
Author(s):  
Sifan Sun ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Shaopei Gao ◽  
Nan Nie ◽  
Huan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Stomatal Aperture ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Ipomoea Trifida ◽  
Positive Role

WRKY transcription factors are one of the important families in plants, and have important roles in plant growth, abiotic stress responses, and defense regulation. In this study, we isolated a WRKY gene, ItfWRKY70, from the wild relative of sweet potato Ipomoea trifida (H.B.K.) G. Don. This gene was highly expressed in leaf tissue and strongly induced by 20% PEG6000 and 100 μM abscisic acid (ABA). Subcellar localization analyses indicated that ItfWRKY70 was localized in the nucleus. Overexpression of ItfWRKY70 significantly increased drought tolerance in transgenic sweet potato plants. The content of ABA and proline, and the activity of SOD and POD were significantly increased, whereas the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 were decreased in transgenic plants under drought stress. Overexpression of ItfWRKY70 up-regulated the genes involved in ABA biosynthesis, stress-response, ROS-scavenging system, and stomatal aperture in transgenic plants under drought stress. Taken together, these results demonstrated that ItfWRKY70 plays a positive role in drought tolerance by accumulating the content of ABA, regulating stomatal aperture and activating the ROS scavenging system in sweet potato.

scholarly journals Comparative Proteomics and Physiological Analyses Reveal Important Maize Filling-Kernel Drought-Responsive Genes and Metabolic Pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Wang ◽  
Tinashe Zenda ◽  
Songtao Liu ◽  
Guo Liu ◽  
Hongyu Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Seed Storage Proteins ◽  
Comparative Proteomics ◽  
Venn Diagram ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Despite recent scientific headway in deciphering maize (Zea mays L.) drought stress responses, the overall picture of key proteins and genes, pathways, and protein–protein interactions regulating maize filling-kernel drought tolerance is still fragmented. Yet, maize filling-kernel drought stress remains devastating and its study is critical for tolerance breeding. Here, through a comprehensive comparative proteomics analysis of filling-kernel proteomes of two contrasting (drought-tolerant YE8112 and drought-sensitive MO17) inbred lines, we report diverse but key molecular actors mediating drought tolerance in maize. Using isobaric tags for relative quantification approach, a total of 5175 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were identified from four experimental comparisons. By way of Venn diagram analysis, four critical sets of drought-responsive proteins were mined out and further analyzed by bioinformatics techniques. The YE8112-exclusive DAPs chiefly participated in pathways related to “protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum” and “tryptophan metabolism”, whereas MO17-exclusive DAPs were involved in “starch and sucrose metabolism” and “oxidative phosphorylation” pathways. Most notably, we report that YE8112 kernels were comparatively drought tolerant to MO17 kernels attributable to their redox post translational modifications and epigenetic regulation mechanisms, elevated expression of heat shock proteins, enriched energy metabolism and secondary metabolites biosynthesis, and up-regulated expression of seed storage proteins. Further, comparative physiological analysis and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction results substantiated the proteomics findings. Our study presents an elaborate understanding of drought-responsive proteins and metabolic pathways mediating maize filling-kernel drought tolerance, and provides important candidate genes for subsequent functional validation.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic studies reveal a key metabolic pathway contributing to a well-maintained photosynthetic system under drought stress in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiping Shi ◽  
Jingye Cheng ◽  
Xiaojie Wen ◽  
Jixiang Wang ◽  
Guanyan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Parental Lines

Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic factors limiting crop productivity. A better understanding of the effects of drought on millet (Setaria italica L.) production, a model crop for studying drought tolerance, and the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for drought stress responses is vital to improvement of agricultural production. In this study, we exposed the drought resistant F1 hybrid, M79, and its parental lines E1 and H1 to drought stress. Subsequent physiological analysis demonstrated that M79 showed higher photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency and drought tolerance than its parents. A transcriptomic study using leaves collected six days after drought treatment, when the soil water content was about ~20%, identified 3066, 1895, and 2148 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in M79, E1 and H1 compared to the respective untreated controls, respectively. Further analysis revealed 17 Gene Ontology (GO) enrichments and 14 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in M79, including photosystem II (PSII) oxygen-evolving complex, peroxidase (POD) activity, plant hormone signal transduction, and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Co-regulation analysis suggested that these DEGs in M79 contributed to the formation of a regulatory network involving multiple biological processes and pathways including photosynthesis, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, redox regulation, hormonal signaling, and osmotic regulation. RNA-seq analysis also showed that some photosynthesis-related DEGs were highly expressed in M79 compared to its parental lines under drought stress. These results indicate that various molecular pathways, including photosynthesis, respond to drought stress in M79, and provide abundant molecular information for further analysis of the underlying mechanism responding to this stress.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic studies reveal a key metabolic pathway contributing to a well-maintained photosynthetic system under drought stress in foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiping Shi ◽  
Jingye Cheng ◽  
Xiaojie Wen ◽  
Jixiang Wang ◽  
Guanyan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Setaria Italica ◽  
Parental Lines

Drought stress is one of the most important abiotic factors limiting crop productivity. A better understanding of the effects of drought on millet (Setaria italica L.) production, a model crop for studying drought tolerance, and the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for drought stress responses is vital to improvement of agricultural production. In this study, we exposed the drought resistant F1 hybrid, M79, and its parental lines E1 and H1 to drought stress. Subsequent physiological analysis demonstrated that M79 showed higher photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency and drought tolerance than its parents. A transcriptomic study using leaves collected six days after drought treatment, when the soil water content was about ∼20%, identified 3066, 1895, and 2148 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in M79, E1 and H1 compared to the respective untreated controls, respectively. Further analysis revealed 17 Gene Ontology (GO) enrichments and 14 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways in M79, including photosystem II (PSII) oxygen-evolving complex, peroxidase (POD) activity, plant hormone signal transduction, and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Co-regulation analysis suggested that these DEGs in M79 contributed to the formation of a regulatory network involving multiple biological processes and pathways including photosynthesis, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, redox regulation, hormonal signaling, and osmotic regulation. RNA-seq analysis also showed that some photosynthesis-related DEGs were highly expressed in M79 compared to its parental lines under drought stress. These results indicate that various molecular pathways, including photosynthesis, respond to drought stress in M79, and provide abundant molecular information for further analysis of the underlying mechanism responding to this stress.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of combined phosphorus and drought stress-responses in two winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangchi Zhang ◽  
Weidan Lu ◽  
Xiaoli Wang ◽  
Bin Ma ◽  
Kaiyong Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Phosphorus Level ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Percentage Content ◽  
Low Phosphorus

Abstract Phosphorus stress and drought stress are common abiotic stresses. In this study, two winter wheat “Xindong20” and “Xindong23” were solution cultured and then treated with drought stress under conventional phosphorus level (CP: 1.0 mmol/L) and low phosphorus level (LP: 0.05 mmol /L), respectively. The results showed that with the increase of drought stress, the LP application was more conducive to the growth of root tips, length, forks, surfarea and root vitality of wheat. Under the LP treatment, the total phosphorus content of root at rewatered 3d was increased by 94.2% in Xindong20 wheat and decreased by 48.9% in Xindong23 wheat, compared with their respective samples at drought 0d. The LP treatment increased the percentage content of K and decreased the P and Ca percentage content. However, under CP treatment, the percentage content of Zn after rewatered 3 days were increased, compared with drought 7d. Based on the GeneChip analysis of root samples from drought 7d, the microarray results showed that 4577 and 202 differentially expressed genes were detected from Xindong20 and Xindong23, respectively. Among them, 89.9% of differentially expressed genes were involved in organelles and vesicles in Xindong20, and 69.8% were involved in genes encoding root anatomical structure, respiratory chain, electron transport chain, ion transport and enzyme activity in Xindong23. Therefore, the supply of low phosphorus has more effects on the drought tolerance of wheat, and the wheat with different drought tolerance has different regulatory genes. The higher drought-tolerant wheat has more genes up-regulation in response to drought stress.

scholarly journals Physiological and Proteomic Analysis Revealed the Response Mechanisms of two Different Grought-resistant Maize Varieties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjie Li ◽  
Mei Yang ◽  
Chengfeng Zhao ◽  
Yifan Wang ◽  
Renhe Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Chaperones ◽  
Electron Flow ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Maize Varieties

Abstract Background: Drought stress seriously limits the seedling growth and yield of maize. Despite previous studies on drought resistance mechanisms by which maize cope with water deficient, the link between physiological and molecular variations are largely unknown. To reveal the complex regulatory mechanisms, comparative physiology and proteomic analyses were conducted to investigate the stress responses of two maize cultivars with contrasting tolerance to drought stress. Results: Physiological results showed that SD609 (drought-tolerant) maintains higher photochemical efficiency by enhancing CEF (cyclic electron flow) protective mechanism and antioxidative enzymes activities. Proteomics analysis revealed a total of 198 and 102 proteins were differentially expressed in SD609 and SD902, respectively. Further enrichment analysis indicated that drought-tolerant ‘SD609’ increased the expression of proteins related to photosynthesis, antioxidants/detoxifying enzymes, molecular chaperones and metabolic enzymes. The up-regulation proteins related to PSII repair and photoprotection mechanisms resulted in more efficient photochemical capacity in tolerant variety under moderate drought. However, the drought-sensitive ‘SD902’ only induced molecular chaperones and sucrose synthesis pathways, and failed to protect the impaired photosystem. Further analysis indicated that proteins related to the electron transport chain, redox homeostasis and heat shock proteins (HSPs) could be important in protecting plants from drought stress. Conclusions: Our experiments explored the mechanism of drought tolerance, and obtained detailed information about the interconnection of physiological research and protein research. In summary, our findings could provide new clues into further understanding of drought tolerance mechanisms in maize.

scholarly journals Yellow nutsedge WRI3/4-like gene improves drought tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana by promoting cuticular wax biosynthesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Cheng ◽  
Shutong Hu ◽  
Yun Han ◽  
Di Xia ◽  
Bang-Lian Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Expression Data ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Transgenic Lines ◽  
Simulated Drought

Abstract Using RACE PCR, full length WRI1-like gene was amplified from yellow nutsedge. Conserved domain and phylogenetic analyses suggested it as WRI3/4-like gene. Tissue-specific expression data showed the highest expression in leaves, followed by roots while the lowest expression was detected in tuber. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing nutsedge WRI3/4-like gene showed significantly improved tolerance to both PEG-simulated drought stress and real dehydration, compared with the wild type (WT). Under normal growth conditions, the expressions of key fatty acid biosynthesis genes was not significantly different between WT and transgenic lines, while the expressions of genes involved in cuticular wax biosynthesis was significantly higher in transgenic lines compared with the WT. The PEG-simulated drought stress did not induce any significant change in the expression of fatty acid and wax biosynthesis genes in WT plants, while the expression of fatty acid and wax biosynthesis genes was significantly increased in transgenic lines compared with WT as well as unstressed transgenic control. The expression of TAG1, the gene involved in triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation, was significantly lower in the transgenic lines than that in the WT in normal growth conditions. Drought stress slightly decreased the expression of TAG1 in the WT, but significantly lowered it in transgenic lines compared with its unstressed transgenic control and WT. Consistent with gene expression data, the cuticular wax content in Arabidopsis leaves was significantly higher in the transgenic lines than in the WT, while the oil content was not significantly different. Our results indicated that WRI3/4-like gene from Cyperus esculentus improves drought tolerance in Arabidopsis probably by promoting cuticular wax biosynthesis and, hence, could be a valuable target for improving drought tolerance in crops through recombinant DNA technology.

scholarly journals Physiological and Differential Proteomic Analyses of Imitation Drought Stress Response in Sorghum bicolor Root at the Seedling Stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 9174
Author(s):  
Hongbing Li ◽  
Yulin Li ◽  
Qingbo Ke ◽  
Sang-Soo Kwak ◽  
Suiqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Root Response

Drought is one of the most important constraints on the growth and productivity of many crops, including sorghum. However, as a primary sensing organ, the plant root response to drought has not been well documented at the proteomic level. In the present study, we compared physiological alteration and differential accumulation of proteins in the roots of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) inbred line BT×623 response to Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-induced drought stress at the seedling stage. Drought stress (up to 24 h after PEG treatment) resulted in increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent lipid peroxidation. The proline content was increased in drought-stressed plants. The physiological mechanism of sorghum root response to drought was attributed to the elimination of harmful free radicals and to the alleviation of oxidative stress via the synergistic action of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase. The high-resolution proteome map demonstrated significant variations in about 65 protein spots detected on Coomassie Brilliant Blue-stained 2-DE gels. Of these, 52 protein spots were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF MS) representing 49 unique proteins; the levels of 43 protein spots were increased, and 22 were decreased under drought condition. The proteins identified in this study are involved in a variety of cellular functions, including carbohydrate and energy metabolism, antioxidant and defense response, protein synthesis/processing/degradation, transcriptional regulation, amino acid biosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism, which contribute jointly to the molecular mechanism of outstanding drought tolerance in sorghum plants. Analysis of protein expression patterns and physiological analysis revealed that proteins associated with changes in energy usage; osmotic adjustment; ROS scavenging; and protein synthesis, processing, and proteolysis play important roles in maintaining root growth under drought stress. This study provides new insight for better understanding of the molecular basis of drought stress responses, aiming to improve plant drought tolerance for enhanced yield.

scholarly journals Comparative Proteomic and Morpho-Physiological Analyses of Maize Wild-Type Vp16 and Mutant vp16 Germinating Seed Responses to PEG-Induced Drought Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Songtao Liu ◽  
Tinashe Zenda ◽  
Anyi Dong ◽  
Yatong Yang ◽  
Xinyue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Proteomics Analysis

Drought stress is a major abiotic factor compromising plant cell physiological and molecular events, consequently limiting crop growth and productivity. Maize (Zea mays L.) is among the most drought-susceptible food crops. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms underlying drought-stress responses remains critical for crop improvement. To decipher the molecular mechanisms underpinning maize drought tolerance, here, we used a comparative morpho-physiological and proteomics analysis approach to monitor the changes in germinating seeds of two incongruent (drought-sensitive wild-type Vp16 and drought-tolerant mutant vp16) lines exposed to polyethylene-glycol-induced drought stress for seven days. Our physiological analysis showed that the tolerant line mutant vp16 exhibited better osmotic stress endurance owing to its improved reactive oxygen species scavenging competency and robust osmotic adjustment as a result of greater cell water retention and enhanced cell membrane stability. Proteomics analysis identified a total of 1200 proteins to be differentially accumulated under drought stress. These identified proteins were mainly involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism, histone H2A-mediated epigenetic regulation, protein synthesis, signal transduction, redox homeostasis and stress-response processes; with carbon metabolism, pentose phosphate and glutathione metabolism pathways being prominent under stress conditions. Interestingly, significant congruence (R2 = 81.5%) between protein and transcript levels was observed by qRT-PCR validation experiments. Finally, we propose a hypothetical model for maize germinating-seed drought tolerance based on our key findings identified herein. Overall, our study offers insights into the overall mechanisms underpinning drought-stress tolerance and provides essential leads into further functional validation of the identified drought-responsive proteins in maize.

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