scholarly journals Covid19db – An online database of trials of medicinal products to prevent or treat COVID-19, with a specific focus on drug repurposing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Pantziarka ◽  
Liese Vandeborne ◽  
Lydie Meheus ◽  
Gauthier Bouche
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Repurposed Drugs ◽  
Single Data ◽  
Clinical Trials Registry ◽  
User Friendly

AbstractBackgroundThe global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has prompted an unprecedented international effort to seek medicines for prevention and treatment of infection. Drug repurposing has played a key part in this response. The rapid increase in trial activity has raised questions about efficiency and lack of coordination. Our objective was to develop a user-friendly, open access, online database of interventional trials of medicinal products to monitor and rapidly identify trials of medicinal products.Methods and FindingsUsing the US clinicaltrials.gov (NCT) registry, the EU Clinical Trials Register (EUCTR) and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP), we identified all COVID-19 trials of medicinal products and combined data from the 3 sources into a single data table. Trials that were out of scope and duplicates were excluded. A manual encoding was performed to ascertain key information (e.g. trial aim, type of intervention etc). The database, Covid19db, was published online at: http://www.redo-project.org/covid19db/. Descriptive statistics of the database from April 4th 2020 through to May 19th show an increase from 186 to 955 trials, or an average of 17 new trials registered per day. Over this period, the proportion of trials including a repurposing arm decreased slightly over time (from a maximum of 75% to 68% at the end of the covered period) as did the proportion of trials aiming to prevent infection (from a maximum of 16% to 12% at the end of the covered period). The most popular intervention is hydroxychloroquine (180 trials), followed by azithromycin (57 trials), chloroquine, tocilizumab and lopinavir/ritonavir (36 trials). Total planned enrolment is 468,559 participants as of 19th May 2020.Conclusionswe have developed an open access, online and regularly updated tool to monitor clinical trials of medicinal products to prevent or treat infection by SARS-CoV-2 globally. Our analysis shows a high number of ‘me-too’ trials, in particular for some repurposed drugs, such as hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and tocilizumab, substantiating calls for better coordination and better use of trial resources.

Mapping variation in Basque: The BiV database

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-374
Author(s):  
Beatriz Fernández ◽  
Ane Berro ◽  
Iñigo Urrestarazu ◽  
Itziar Orbegozo
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Research Group ◽  
Linguistic Variation ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Dialectal Variation ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
User Friendly

Abstract The aim of this paper is to present the Euskara Bariazioan/Basque in Variation (BiV) database, a project launched by the Basque and Beyond (Bas&Be) research group. This open-access online database, available in both Basque and English versions, is intended to facilitate research on Basque morphosyntactic features that show cross-dialectal variation. Based on data obtained from questionnaires, the BiV provides the user with a description of each feature together with illustrative examples, and accompanies each entry with a map graphically depicting the distribution of variation. The resulting fine-grained picture of the distribution of morphosyntactic phenomena across Basque varieties has the ultimate goal of improving our understanding of the systematicities and connections that underlie variation. Thanks to its user-friendly format, the database can be used easily by anyone who is interested in Basque morphosyntax in particular and cross-linguistic variation in general. The results obtained thus far show that while some features have the same distribution across Basque varieties as that previously reported, others are spreading and thus have a wider geographical presence than has been described in the literature.

scholarly journals Main Protease Inhibitors and Drug Surface Hotspot for the Treatment of COVID-19: Drug Repurposing and Molecular Docking Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Md Sorwer Alam Parvez ◽  
Kazi Faizul Azim ◽  
Abdus Shukur Imran ◽  
Topu Raihan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Target Drug ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Docking Approach ◽  
Repurposed Drugs

<div>The world is facing an unprecedented global pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2. In the absence</div><div>of a specific therapeutic agent to treat COVID-19 patients, the present study aimed to virtually screen out</div><div>the effective drug candidates from the approved main protease protein (MPP) inhibitors and their</div><div>derivatives for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Here, drug repurposing and molecular docking were</div><div>employed to screen approved MPP inhibitors and their derivatives. The approved MPP inhibitors against</div><div>HIV and HCV were prioritized, whilst hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, remdesivir, and alpha-ketoamide</div><div>were studied as control. The target drug surface hotspot was also investigated through the molecular</div><div>docking technique. ADME analysis was conducted to understand the pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness</div><div>of the screened MPP inhibitors. The result of this study revealed that Paritaprevir (-10.9 kcal/mol), and its</div><div>analog (CID 131982844)(-16.3 kcal/mol) showed better binding affinity than the approved MPP inhibitor</div><div>compared in this study including favipiravir, remdesivir, and alpha-ketoamide. A comparative study among</div><div>the screened putative MPP inhibitors revealed that amino acids T25, T26, H41, M49, L141, N142, G143,</div><div>C145, H164, M165, E166, D187, R188, and Q189 are at critical positions for becoming the surface hotspot</div><div>in the MPP of SARS-CoV-2. The study also suggested that paritaprevir and its' analog (CID 131982844),</div><div>may be effective against SARS-CoV-2 as these molecules had the common drug-surface hotspots on the</div><div>main protease protein of SARS-CoV-2. Other pharmacokinetic parameters also indicate that paritaprevir</div><div>and its top analog (CID 131982844) will be either similar or better-repurposed drugs than already approved</div><div>MPP inhibitors. </div><div><br></div>

scholarly journals An Update on Antiviral Therapy Against SARS-CoV-2: How Far Have We Come?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omkar Indari ◽  
Shweta Jakhmola ◽  
Elangovan Manivannan ◽  
Hem Chandra Jha
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Treatment Research ◽  
Repurposed Drugs ◽  
Approved Drugs

COVID-19 pandemic has spread worldwide at an exponential rate affecting millions of people instantaneously. Currently, various drugs are under investigation to treat an enormously increasing number of COVID-19 patients. This dreadful situation clearly demands an efficient strategy to quickly identify drugs for the successful treatment of COVID-19. Hence, drug repurposing is an effective approach for the rapid discovery of frontline arsenals to fight against COVID-19. Successful application of this approach has resulted in the repurposing of some clinically approved drugs as potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 candidates. Several of these drugs are either antimalarials, antivirals, antibiotics or corticosteroids and they have been repurposed based on their potential to negate virus or reduce lung inflammation. Large numbers of clinical trials have been registered to evaluate the effectiveness and clinical safety of these drugs. Till date, a few clinical studies are complete and the results are primary. WHO also conducted an international, multi-country, open-label, randomized trials-a solidarity trial for four antiviral drugs. However, solidarity trials have few limitations like no placebos were used, additionally any drug may show effectiveness for a particular population in a region which may get neglected in solidarity trial analysis. The ongoing randomized clinical trials can provide reliable long-term follow-up results that will establish both clinical safety and clinical efficacy of these drugs with respect to different regions, populations and may aid up to worldwide COVID-19 treatment research. This review presents a comprehensive update on majorly repurposed drugs namely chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir-ritonavir, favipiravir, ribavirin, azithromycin, umifenovir, oseltamivir as well as convalescent plasma therapy used against SARS-CoV-2. The review also summarizes the data recorded on the mechanism of anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of these repurposed drugs along with the preclinical and clinical findings, therapeutic regimens, pharmacokinetics, and drug-drug interactions.

scholarly journals A Database of Drug Repurposing Clinical Trials in Oncology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Pantziarka ◽  
Liese Vandeborne ◽  
Gauthier Bouche
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Online Database ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Clinical Trial Activity

Drug repurposing is an expanding field in medicine but to date there has been little analysis on the degree of clinical trial activity in oncological repurposing. Such analysis is hampered by the lack of a single unified source of clinical trial data. Utilising publicly available registry data, we report on the construction of an online database of clinical trials assessing the use of licensed non-cancer drugs as therapeutic agents against cancer. We outline the methodology for the construction and maintenance of the database, called the ReDO_Trials_DB (https://www.anticancerfund.org/en/redo-trials-db). Summary statistics are reported and also discussion of the research questions arising from the data.

scholarly journals Main Protease Inhibitors and Drug Surface Hotspot for the Treatment of COVID-19: Drug Repurposing and Molecular Docking Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Md Sorwer Alam Parvez ◽  
Kazi Faizul Azim ◽  
Abdus Shukur Imran ◽  
Topu Raihan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Target Drug ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Main Protease ◽  
Docking Approach ◽  
Repurposed Drugs

<div>The world is facing an unprecedented global pandemic caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2. In the absence</div><div>of a specific therapeutic agent to treat COVID-19 patients, the present study aimed to virtually screen out</div><div>the effective drug candidates from the approved main protease protein (MPP) inhibitors and their</div><div>derivatives for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Here, drug repurposing and molecular docking were</div><div>employed to screen approved MPP inhibitors and their derivatives. The approved MPP inhibitors against</div><div>HIV and HCV were prioritized, whilst hydroxychloroquine, favipiravir, remdesivir, and alpha-ketoamide</div><div>were studied as control. The target drug surface hotspot was also investigated through the molecular</div><div>docking technique. ADME analysis was conducted to understand the pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness</div><div>of the screened MPP inhibitors. The result of this study revealed that Paritaprevir (-10.9 kcal/mol), and its</div><div>analog (CID 131982844)(-16.3 kcal/mol) showed better binding affinity than the approved MPP inhibitor</div><div>compared in this study including favipiravir, remdesivir, and alpha-ketoamide. A comparative study among</div><div>the screened putative MPP inhibitors revealed that amino acids T25, T26, H41, M49, L141, N142, G143,</div><div>C145, H164, M165, E166, D187, R188, and Q189 are at critical positions for becoming the surface hotspot</div><div>in the MPP of SARS-CoV-2. The study also suggested that paritaprevir and its' analog (CID 131982844),</div><div>may be effective against SARS-CoV-2 as these molecules had the common drug-surface hotspots on the</div><div>main protease protein of SARS-CoV-2. Other pharmacokinetic parameters also indicate that paritaprevir</div><div>and its top analog (CID 131982844) will be either similar or better-repurposed drugs than already approved</div><div>MPP inhibitors. </div><div><br></div>

Repositioning of Drugs as a promising strategy to fight COVID-19

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Yadav ◽  
Jurnal Reang ◽  
Vinita Sharma ◽  
Jaseela Majeed ◽  
Swaminathan Jambulingam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Repurposed Drugs ◽  
And Control

Background and Objective: With the initial case of corona reported from Wuhan, China on 31st December 2020, there has been an unprecedented rise in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), with over 200 countries all across the world in less than 3 months. By the October 2020, about 40 million population of the world got infected and over one million deaths occurred. Since no WHO and FDA approved medications or vaccines for COVID-19 were available, there was an impatient bustling need to develop a drug for the treatment. Drug repurposing emerged as the easiest and fast emerging strategy to get medicine for COVID-19 with rapid approvals for the clinical trials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the status of drug repurposing under the clinical and its impact for the development of medicine for COVID-19. Methodology: The study was undertaken to review various clinical trials from www.clinicaltrials.gov website. We evaluated 220 ongoing clinical trials with the strategy of ‘drug repurposing’ against COVID-19, analyzed them as per their chemical structure and possible biological targets. Results: It was noticed that some of the early repurposed drugs like chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, ACE inhibitors and ARBs, did not succeed and remained controversial. While many of the antiviral drugs like remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir, ritonavir, oseltamivir could be taken for the clinical trials in various countries, remdesivir could succeed to a great extent as compared to other drugs. WHO has come up with an initiative known as multi-country ‘Solidarity Trial’ for developing a potential drug or therapy against COVID-19. However, the most preferred drugs used for repurposing like hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir have not shown predictable results in solidarity trials. Conclusions: The analyses of several ongoing and partially concluded clinical trials suggest that drug repurposing can be one of the major strategies for the treatment of COVID-19. Further, guidelines framed by the WHO through Infection Prevention and Control for monitoring the widespread of this COVID-19 across the world is another aggressive attempt finding the solution for the treatment for COVID-19.

COVID-19 Global Pandemic Fight by Drugs: A Mini-Review on Hope and Hype

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Tekale ◽  
Vishnu Gore ◽  
Pravin Kendrekar ◽  
Shivaji Thore ◽  
László Kótai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Current Medical ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
The City

: Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was firstly identified in the city of Wuhan of China in December 2019, which was spread and become a global issue due to its high transmission rate. To date, the outbreak of COVID-19 has resulted in infection to 150,356,672 people and the death of 3,167,010 patients. It paralyzed the economy of all the countries worldwide. Unfortunately, no specific FDA-approved antiviral treatment or vaccine is available to curb the outbreak. Considering the possible mutations of SARS-CoV-2, the current medical emergency required a longer time for drug design and vaccine development. Drug repurposing is a promising option for potent therapeutic against the pandemic. The present review encompasses various drugs or appropriate combinations of already FDA-approved antimalarial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibiotic therapeutic candidates for use in the clinical trials as a ray of hope against COVID-19. It is expected to deliver better clinical and laboratory outcomes of drugs as a prevention strategy for the eradication of the disease.

scholarly journals Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Control between Drug Repurposing and Vaccination: A Comprehensive Overview

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1317
Author(s):  
Ahmed A. Al-Karmalawy ◽  
Raya Soltane ◽  
Ayman Abo Elmaaty ◽  
Mohamed A. Tantawy ◽  
Samar A. Antar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Repurposed Drugs ◽  
The Impact

Respiratory viruses represent a major public health concern, as they are highly mutated, resulting in new strains emerging with high pathogenicity. Currently, the world is suffering from the newly evolving severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This virus is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a mild-to-severe respiratory tract infection with frequent ability to give rise to fatal pneumonia in humans. The overwhelming outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 continues to unfold all over the world, urging scientists to put an end to this global pandemic through biological and pharmaceutical interventions. Currently, there is no specific treatment option that is capable of COVID-19 pandemic eradication, so several repurposed drugs and newly conditionally approved vaccines are in use and heavily applied to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The emergence of new variants of the virus that partially or totally escape from the immune response elicited by the approved vaccines requires continuous monitoring of the emerging variants to update the content of the developed vaccines or modify them totally to match the new variants. Herein, we discuss the potential therapeutic and prophylactic interventions including repurposed drugs and the newly developed/approved vaccines, highlighting the impact of virus evolution on the immune evasion of the virus from currently licensed vaccines for COVID-19.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 Vaccines: Recent Development, Challenges and Prospects

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Yuxin Yan ◽  
Yoongxin Pang ◽  
Zhuoyi Lyu ◽  
Ruiqi Wang ◽  
Xinyun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
World Population ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Hygienic Measures ◽  
Repurposed Drugs

The highly infectious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with the pathogenic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread to become a global pandemic. At present, the world is relying mainly on containment and hygiene-related measures, as well as repurposed drugs to control the outbreak. The development of COVID-19 vaccines is crucial for the world to return to pre-pandemic normalcy, and a collective global effort has been invested into protection against SARS-CoV-2. As of March 2021, thirteen vaccines have been approved for application whilst over 90 vaccine candidates are under clinical trials. This review focuses on the development of COVID-19 vaccines and highlights the efficacy and vaccination reactions of the authorised vaccines. The mechanisms, storage, and dosage specification of vaccine candidates at the advanced stage of development are also critically reviewed together with considerations for potential challenges. Whilst the development of a vaccine is, in general, in its infancy, current progress is promising. However, the world population will have to continue to adapt to the “new normal” and practice social distancing and hygienic measures, at least until effective vaccines are available to the general public.

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