scholarly journals Distinct growth stages shaped by an interplay of deterministic and neutral processes are indispensable for functional anammox biofilms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Niederdorfer ◽  
Lisa Fragner ◽  
Ling Yuan ◽  
Damian Hausherr ◽  
Jing Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Network Modelling ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Deterministic Processes ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Nitrogen Elimination

AbstractComplex microbial biofilms orchestrating mainstream anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) represent one of the most promising energy-efficient mechanisms of fixed nitrogen elimination from anthropogenic waste waters. However, little is known about the ecological processes that are driving microbial community assembly leading to functional anammox biofilms in engineered ecosystems. Here, we use fluorescence in situ hybridization and 16S rRNA sequencing combined with network modelling to elucidate the contribution of stochastic and deterministic processes during anammox biofilm development from first colonization to maturation in a carrier-based anammox reactor. We find that distinct stages of biofilm development emerge naturally in terms of structure and community composition. These stages are characterized by dynamic succession and an interplay of stochastic and deterministic processes. The staged process of biofilm establishment appears to be the prerequisite for the anticipated growth of anammox bacteria and for reaching a biofilm community structure with the desired metabolic capacities. We discuss the relevance of this improved understanding of anammox community ecology and biofilm development concerning its practical application in the start-up and configuration of anammox biofilm reactors.

scholarly journals Enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria for short start-up of the anammox process: a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (30) ◽  
pp. 13958-13978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mumtazah Ibrahim ◽  
Norjan Yusof ◽  
Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Mohd Ali Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Process

scholarly journals Start up and Stabilization of Anammox Process in an Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (an MBR)

2017 ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
S. Suneethi ◽  
Kurian Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Aquatic Toxicity ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Seed Culture ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Process

Release of nitrate and ammonia rich wastewaters into the natural waters promotes eutrophication, aquatic toxicity and deterioration in water quality. Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX) process is an advanced biological nitrogen removal alternative to traditional nitrification – denitrification, which removes ammonia using nitrite as the electron acceptor without oxygen. The feasibility to enrich ANAMMOX bacteria from anaerobic seed culture to start up an Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor (An MBR) for N – removal is reported in this paper. The seed culture used was anaerobic digester sludge collected from a Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) in Chennai. Stabilization performance of An MBR is reported for a period of 250 days, for the presence of ANAMMOX bacteria and its sustained activity in terms of Nitrogen transformations to Ammonia, Nitrite and Nitrate along with Hydrazine and Hydroxylamine.

scholarly journals Start-Up of Anammox SBR from Non-Specific Inoculum and Process Acceleration Methods by Hydrazine

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Ivar Zekker ◽  
Oleg Artemchuk ◽  
Ergo Rikmann ◽  
Kelvin Ohimai ◽  
Gourav Dhar Bhowmick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Optimum Salinity ◽  
Anammox Process

Biological nutrient removal from wastewater to reach acceptable levels is needed to protect water resources and avoid eutrophication. The start-up of an anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process from scratch was investigated in a 20 L sequence batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic sludge at 30 ± 0.5 °C with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2–3 days. The use of NH4Cl, NaNO2, and reject water as nitrogen sources created different salinity periods, in which the anammox process performance was assessed: low (<0.2 g of Cl−/L), high (18.2 g of Cl−/L), or optimum salinity (0.5–2 g of Cl−/L). Reject water feeding gave the optimum salinity, with an average nitrogen removal efficiency of 80%, and a TNRR of 0.08 kg N/m3/d being achieved after 193 days. The main aim was to show the effect of a hydrazine addition on the specific anammox activity (SAA) and denitrification activity in the start-up process to boost the autotrophic nitrogen removal from scratch. The effect of the anammox intermediate hydrazine addition was tested to assess its concentration effect (range of 2–12.5 mg of N2H4/L) on diminishing denitrifier activity and accelerating anammox activity at the same time. Heterotrophic denitrifiers’ activity was diminished by all hydrazine additions compared to the control; 5 mg of N2H4/L added enhanced SAA compared to the control, achieving an SAA of 0.72 (±0.01) mg N/g MLSS/h, while the test with 7.5 mg of N2H4/L reached the highest overall SAA of 0.98 (±0.09) mg N g/MLSS/h. The addition of trace amounts of hydrazine for 6 h was also able to enhance SAA after inhibition by organic carbon source sodium acetate addition at a high C/N ratio of 10/1. The start-up of anammox bacteria from the aerobic–anaerobic suspended biomass was successful, with hydrazine significantly accelerating anammox activity and decreasing denitrifier activity, making the method applicable for side-stream as well as mainstream treatment.

scholarly journals Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation: From Laboratory to Full-Scale Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shou-Qing Ni ◽  
Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Fast Start ◽  
Full Operation

From discovery in the early 1990s to completion of full-scale anammox reactor, it took almost two decades to uncover the secret veil of anammox bacteria. There were three milestones during the commercialization of anammox: the development of the first enrichment culture medium, the completion of the first commercial anammox reactor, and the fast start-up of full-scale anammox plant. Till now, the culture of anammox bacteria experienced a big progress through two general strategies: (a) to start up a reactor from scratch and (b) to seed the reactor with enriched anammox sludge. The first full-scale anammox reactor took 3.5 years to realize full operation using the first approach due to several reasons besides the lack of anammox sludge. On the other hand, the first Asian anammox reactor started up in two months, thanks to the availability of anammox seed. Along with the implementation of anammox plants, anammox eventually becomes the priority choice for ammonium wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Start-Up, Modelling and Simulation of the Anammox Process in a Membrane Bioreactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Cema ◽  
Adam Sochacki ◽  
Jakub Kubiatowicz ◽  
Piotr Gutwiński ◽  
Joanna Surmacz-Górska
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Anammox Process

There are certain well-known methods of diminishing concentrations of nitrogen compounds, but they are ineffective in case of nitrogen-rich wastewater with a low content of biodegradable carbon. Partial nitritation followed by anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) process appear to be an excellent alternative for traditional nitrification and denitrification. This paper presents the feasibility of successful start-up of Anammox process in a laboratory-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR). It was shown that the combination of membrane technology and Anammox process allowed to create a new highly efficient and compact system for nitrogen removal. It was possible to achieve average nitrogen removal efficiency equal to 76.7 ± 8.3%. It was shown that the start-up period of 6 months was needed to obtain high nitrogen removal efficiency. The applied biochemical model of the Anammox process was based on the state-of-the-art Activated Sludge Model No.1 (ASM 1) which was modified for accounting activity of autotrophs (nitrite-oxidising bacteria and nitrateoxidising bacteria) and anammox bacteria. In order to increase the predictive power of the simulation selected parameters of the model were adjusted during model calibration. Readjustment of the model parameters based on the critically evaluated data of the reactor resulted in a satisfactory match between the model predictions and the actual observations.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Removal Characteristics and Comparison of the Microbial Community Structure in Different Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation Reactors

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiu Zhang ◽  
Wei Lv ◽  
Shugeng Li ◽  
Zhongxuan Geng ◽  
Hainan Yao
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Microbial Community Structure ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation

Nitrogen removal characteristics and the comparison of the microbial community structure were investigated in different anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) reactors: an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) and a biofilter reactor. The Anammox systems were inoculated with sludge from the second settling tank of a wastewater treatment plant in Guangzhou, China. After successful start up of Anammox, the microbial community structure of different Anammox reactors were studied through high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that anaerobic ammonium oxidation in the ASBR reactor could successfully start up after 134 days, while Anammox in the biofilter could start up after 114 days. In both systems, total nitrogen removal was at 80% after more than 200 days of operation. The diversity of denitrifying microorganisms was high in both reactors, with Planctomycetes as the main taxa. Anammox bacteria belonging to the genera Candidatus Anammoxoglobus and Kuenenia, were dominant in the ASBR, while all three genera of Candidatus, Anammoxoglobus, Kuenenia, and Brocadia, could be detected in the biofilter reactor. Therefore, the biofilter starts up faster than the ASBR, and contains richer species, which makes it more suitable to domesticate Anammox bacteria.

scholarly journals Nitrogen isotope effects can be used to diagnose N transformations in wastewater anammox systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Magyar ◽  
Damian Hausherr ◽  
Robert Niederdorfer ◽  
Nicolas Stöcklin ◽  
Jing Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Effect ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Isotope Effects ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Inverse Isotope Effect

AbstractAnaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) plays an important role in aquatic systems as a sink of bioavailable nitrogen (N), and in engineered processes by removing ammonium from wastewater. The isotope effects anammox imparts in the N isotope signatures (15N/14N) of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate can be used to estimate its role in environmental settings, to describe physiological and ecological variations in the anammox process, and possibly to optimize anammox-based wastewater treatment. We measured the stable N-isotope composition of ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate in wastewater cultivations of anammox bacteria. We find that the N isotope enrichment factor 15ε for the reduction of nitrite to N2 is consistent across all experimental conditions (13.5‰ ± 3.7‰), suggesting it reflects the composition of the anammox bacteria community. Values of 15ε for the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate (inverse isotope effect, − 16 to − 43‰) and for the reduction of ammonium to N2 (normal isotope effect, 19–32‰) are more variable, and likely controlled by experimental conditions. We argue that the variations in the isotope effects can be tied to the metabolism and physiology of anammox bacteria, and that the broad range of isotope effects observed for anammox introduces complications for analyzing N-isotope mass balances in natural systems.

Biofilm development during the start-up of a sulfate-reducing down-flow fluidized bed reactor at different COD/SO42− ratios and HRT

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 910-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Z. Piña-Salazar ◽  
F. J. Cervantes ◽  
M. Meraz ◽  
L. B. Celis
Keyword(s):  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Fluidized Bed Reactor ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sulfate Removal ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Suspended Biomass ◽  
High Sulfate ◽  
Biofilm Development

In sulfate-reducing reactors, it has been reported that the sulfate removal efficiency increases when the COD/SO42− ratio is increased. The start-up of a down-flow fluidized bed reactor constitutes an important step to establish a microbial community in the biofilm able to survive under the operational bioreactor conditions in order to achieve effective removal of both sulfate and organic matter. In this work the influence of COD/SO42− ratio and HRT in the development of a biofilm during reactor start-up (35 days) was studied. The reactor was inoculated with 1.6 g VSS/L of granular sludge, ground low density polyethylene was used as support material; the feed consisted of mineral medium at pH 5.5 containing 1 g COD/L (acetate:lactate, 70:30) and sodium sulfate. Four experiments were conducted at HRT of 1 or 2 days and COD/SO42− ratio of 0.67 or 2.5. The results obtained indicated that a COD/SO42− ratio of 2.5 and HRT 2 days allowed high sulfate and COD removal (66.1 and 69.8%, respectively), whereas maximum amount of attached biomass (1.9 g SVI/L support) and highest sulfate reducing biofilm activity (10.1 g COD-H2S/g VSS-d) was achieved at HRT of 1 day and at COD/sulfate ratios of 0.67 and 2.5, respectively, which suggests that suspended biomass also played a key role in the performance of the reactors.

Rapid start-up of one-stage deammonification MBBR without addition of external inoculum

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 2541-2550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Kanders ◽  
Daniel Ling ◽  
Emma Nehrenheim
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Laboratory Reactor ◽  
Set Up

In recent years, the anammox process has emerged as a useful method for robust and efficient nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). This paper evaluates a one-stage deammonification (nitritation and anammox) start-up using carrier material without using anammox inoculum. A continuous laboratory-scale process was followed by full-scale operation with reject water from the digesters at Bekkelaget WWTP in Oslo, Norway. A third laboratory reactor was run in operational mode to verify the suitability of reject water from thermophilic digestion for the deammonification process. The two start-ups presented were run with indigenous bacterial populations, intermittent aeration and dilution, to favour growth of the anammox bacterial branches. Evaluation was done by chemical and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses. The results demonstrate that anammox culture can be set up in a one-stage process only using indigenous anammox bacteria and that a full-scale start-up process can be completed in less than 120 days.

scholarly journals Temperature modulates stress response in anammox reactors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Niederdorfer ◽  
Damian Hausherr ◽  
Alejandro Palomo ◽  
Jing Wei ◽  
Paul Magyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Stress Susceptibility

AbstractAutotrophic nitrogen removal by anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria is an energy-efficient nitrogen removal process in wastewater treatment. However, full-scale deployment under mainstream conditions remains challenging for practitioners due to the high stress susceptibility of anammox bacteria towards fluctuations in dissolved oxygen and temperature. Here, we investigated the response of microbial biofilms with verified anammox activity to oxygen shocks under favorable and cold temperature regimes. Genome-centric metagenomics and metatranscriptomics were used to investigate the stress response on various biological levels. We show that temperature regime and strength of oxygen perturbations induced divergent responses from the process level down to the transcriptional profile of individual taxa. Temperature induced distinct transcriptional states in compositionally identical communities and transient pulses of dissolved oxygen resulted in the upregulation of stress-response only under favorable temperatures. Anammox species and other key biofilm taxa display different transcriptional responses to the induced stress regimes.

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