scholarly journals eDNA metabarcoding reveals a core and secondary diets of the greater horseshoe bat with strong spatio-temporal plasticity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orianne Tournayre ◽  
Maxime Leuchtmann ◽  
Maxime Galan ◽  
Marine Trillat ◽  
Sylvain Piry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
The Core ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Dietary Plasticity ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Elusive Species ◽  
Horseshoe Bat ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insect Phenology

AbstractDietary plasticity is an important issue for conservation biology as it may be essential for species to cope with environmental changes. However, this process still remains scarcely addressed in the literature, potentially because diet studies have long been constrained by methodological limits. The advent of molecular approaches now makes it possible to get a precise picture of diet and its plasticity, even for endangered and elusive species. Here we focused on the greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) in Western France, where this insectivorous species has been classified as ‘Vulnerable’ on the Regional Red List in 2016. We applied an eDNA metabarcoding approach on 1986 fecal samples collected in six maternity colonies at three sampling dates. We described its diet and investigated whether the landscape surrounding colonies and the different phases of the maternity cycle influenced the diversity and the composition of this diet. We showed that R. ferrumequinum feed on a highly more diverse spectrum of prey than expected from previous studies, therefore highlighting how eDNA metabarcoding can help improving diet knowledge of a flying elusive endangered species. Our approach also revealed that R. ferrumequinum diet is composed of two distinct features: the core diet consisting in a few preferred taxa shared by all the colonies (25% of the occurrences) and the secondary diet consisting in numerous rare prey that were highly different between colonies and sampling dates (75% of the occurrences). Energetic needs and constraints associated with the greater horseshoe bat life-cycle, as well as insect phenology and landscape features, strongly influenced the diversity and composition of both the core and whole diets. Further research should now explore the relationships between R. ferrumequinum dietary plasticity and fitness, to better assess the impact of core prey decline on R. ferrumequinum populations viability.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES ON BLACK MARLIN, Makaira indica (Cuvier, 1832) ABUNDANCES IN THE EASTERN INDIAN OCEAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Bram Setyadji ◽  
Zulkarnaen Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Standardized Index ◽  
By Catch ◽  
The Impact

Black marlin (Makaira indica) is commonly caught as frozen by-catch from Indonesian tuna longline fleets. Its contribution estimated 18% (~2,500 tons) from total catch in Indian Ocean. Relative abundance indices as calculated based on commercial catches are the input data for several to run stock assessment analyses that provide models to gather information useful information for decision making and fishery management, however, little are known about the influence of environmental factors to its abundance. In this paper, the abundance was represented as standardized index in order to eliminate any bias on other factors which might influence it. Data were collected from August 2005 to December 2017 through scientific observer program (2005-2017) and national observer program (2016-2017). Most of the vessels monitored were based in Benoa Port, Bali. Overall, time trends of abundance was fluctuated, although, there was increasing trend since 2010 then dropped significantly into relatively similar figure in 2005. Even though, Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Sea Surface Height (SSH) were statistically significant when incorporating into the models, but it allegedly wasn’t the main driver in determining the abundance of black marlin. Instead, it was more likely driven by spatio-temporal factors (year and area) effect rather than environmental changes.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF THE PORT STRUCTURE IN THE SPATIO-TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF THE SEDIMENTARY AND BATHYMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A MOROCCAN ATLANTIC BAY, STUDY CASE BAY OF SAFI CITY

2022 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W3-2021 ◽  
pp. 215-221
Author(s):  
A. Minoubi ◽  
M. Bouchkara ◽  
K. El Khalidi ◽  
M. Chaibi ◽  
M. Ayt Ougougdal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Temporal Evolution ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Sedimentary Facies ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Port Construction

Abstract. This study focuses on morpho-sedimentary changes in the bay of Safi (Atlantic coast of Morocco), due to a progressive extension of the port. For this purpose, several bathymetric and sedimentary surveys carried out by the Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service of the Navy (SHOM) in 1892, 1906 and 1940 respectively, coupled with a bathymetric and sedimentary measurement mission in 2009, were analyzed to understand the impact of the port developments on the bottom of Safi Bay. This analysis consists of making maps of the evolution of (i) sedimentary facies (of different dates 1892, 1906, 1940 and 2009) and (ii) the shallow seabed of the three periods 1892–1906, 1906–1940 and 1940–2009. The sedimentary facies maps show that the facies appear unstable and evolve intermittently in response to environmental changes in the bay (port construction and expansion). In addition, the overlay of the bathymetric maps indicates that the bay has undergone changes (lowering, stability, and raising) controlled by hydrodynamic conditions before, during, and even after harbor construction. Analysis of the data showed that the expansion of the port often reshaped the morphology of the bay's seabed. The consequences of these evolutions are the appearance of the fattening or the erosion of the bank and the filling of small depressions of sediments. This evolution is reflected in the modification of the funds near the port and the beach of Safi.

scholarly journals Modelled land use and land cover change emissions – A spatio-temporal comparison of different approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang A. Obermeier ◽  
Julia E. M. S. Nabel ◽  
Tammas Loughran ◽  
Kerstin Hartung ◽  
Ana Bastos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Legacy Effects ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Carbon

Abstract. Quantifying the net carbon flux from land use and land cover changes (fLULCC) is critical for understanding the global carbon cycle, and hence, to support climate change mitigation. However, large-scale fLULCC is not directly measurable, but has to be inferred from models instead, such as semi-empirical bookkeeping models, and process-based dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs). By definition, fLULCC estimates are not directly comparable between these two different model types. As an example, DGVM-based fLULCC in the annual global carbon budgets is estimated under transient environmental forcing and includes the so-called Loss of Additional Sink Capacity (LASC). The LASC accounts for the impact of environmental changes on land carbon storage potential of managed land compared to potential vegetation which is not represented in bookkeeping models. In addition, fLULCC from transient DGVM simulations differs depending on the arbitrary chosen simulation time period and the historical timing of land use and land cover changes (including different accumulation periods for legacy effects). An approximation of fLULCC by DGVMs that is independent of the timing of land use and land cover changes and their legacy effects requires simulations assuming constant pre-industrial or present-day environmental forcings. Here, we analyze three DGVM-derived fLULCC estimations for twelve models within 18 regions and quantify their differences as well as climate- and CO2-induced components. The three estimations stem from the commonly performed simulation with transiently changing environmental conditions and two simulations that keep environmental conditions fixed, at pre-industrial and present-day conditions. Averaged across the models, we find a global fLULCC (under transient conditions) of 2.0 ± 0.6 PgC yr-1 for 2009–2018, of which ∼40 % are attributable to the LASC (0.8 ± 0.3 PgC yr-1). From 1850 onward, fLULCC accumulated to 189 ± 56 PgC with 40 ± 15 PgC from the LASC. Regional hotspots of high cumulative and annual LASC values are found in the USA, China, Brazil, Equatorial Africa and Southeast Asia, mainly due to deforestation for cropland. Distinct negative LASC estimates, in Europe (early reforestation) and from 2000 onward in the Ukraine (recultivation of post-Soviet abandoned agricultural land), indicate that fLULCC estimates in these regions are lower in transient DGVM- compared to bookkeeping-approaches. By unraveling spatio-temporal variability in three alternative DGVM-derived fLULCC estimates, our results call for a harmonized attribution of model-derived fLULCC. We propose an approach that bridges bookkeeping and DGVM approaches for fLULCC estimation by adopting a mean DGVM-ensemble LASC for a defined reference period.

SPATIO-TEMPORAL CHAOS IN AN ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITY AS A RESPONSE TO UNFAVOURABLE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES

2001 ◽  
Vol 04 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 227-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
SERGEI V. PETROVSKII ◽  
HORST MALCHOW
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Chaotic Dynamics ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Ecological Community ◽  
Species Extinction ◽  
Population Extinction ◽  
Small Domain ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

The impact of ecological chaos on population dynamics has been an issue of intense discussion over the last decade. While many authors consider chaotic dynamics as a favourable factor facilitating species biodiversity, there is also a strong opinion that chaos may enhance population extinction. In this paper we show that chaotic spatio-temporal dynamics in an ecological community can arise as a response of the community to unfavourable environmental changes. Appearing in that way, chaos can prevent species extinction in a situation when it would be inevitable otherwise. We also show that an essential consequence of chaotic dynamics is that the issue of species extinction is subject to the size of the domain inhabited by the population, the extinction more likely happens in a small domain than in a large one.

Eastern Mediterranean climate reconstruction over the last 12,000 yrs based on a non-continuous varve sediment record from Vouliagmeni lake, Gulf of Corinth (Greece)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandros Emmanouilidis ◽  
Ingmar Unkel ◽  
Joanna Seguin ◽  
Pavlos Avramidis
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Climate Reconstruction ◽  
Laminated Sediments ◽  
Grain Size Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Gulf Of Corinth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Varve Counting

<p>Understanding the mechanisms that formed past climatic and environmental changes is essential in order to produce models of future climatic trends. Climatically highly sensitive areas like the Eastern Mediterranean are characterized as key sites for those studies and can imprint regional and large-scale atmospheric patterns as well as the impact of those changes into early human societies. Still, the distinction between regional and global climatic signals is challenging, due to variations between chronological control and environmental factors occurring in each study site. Annually laminated sediments assist to that problem since they can provide information on temperature fluctuations, precipitation, volcanism, solar activity etc, up to seasonal scale through coherent varve chronology. In this study, we present a multi-proxy climate reconstruction of eastern Mediterranean over the last 12000 years, based on a non-continuous varved sediment core from Vouliagmeni lake, located in the eastern part of Gulf of Corinth, Greece. The compiled dataset consists of: (a) grain size analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements, (b) high-resolution X-ray fluorescence data, (c) mineralogical analysis, (d) Computed Tomography (CT) and μCT analysis (e) AMS radiocarbon dating correlated with varve counting, (f) isotopic composition (δ<sup>18</sup>O, δ<sup>13</sup>C) on selected samples and (g) diatom analysis. For the determination of lamination boundaries and thickness, standard Computed Tomography was conducted with the highest possible resolution (0.3 mm) and combined with μCT results from selected sections from the core. Sedimentological changes were also documented through the 2D Haunsfield model that was constructed for the core and further correlated with the other studied proxies. The chronological framework of the core was established at 12,500 cal BP through a combination of Bayesian age-depth modelling and varve counting. Accumulation rates change drastically at around 3000 cal BP at the approximate time of extensive urban growth in the study area, as indicated from historical reports. Different precipitation/temperature and runoff patterns for the catchment area were recognized, through the different proxies examined, providing signals of long scale and regional climatic anomalies. The covariation of δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub> and δ<sup>18</sup>O characterizes the lake system as evaporatively dominant, whereas elemental ratios and isotopic data determine wet (1200-1800 cal BP, 2200-300 cal BP, 4500-4800 cal BP, 5800-6600 cal BP, 9500-10500 cal BP) and arid phases (3000-3200 cal BP, 3800 cal BP, 7100 cal BP) that correspond also to changes in water level, stratification and the formation of laminations. Addressing the fact that laminated sediments in Eastern Mediterranean that extend in 12 ka years are scarce, Vouliagmeni lake seems to present a very promising geoarchive.</p>

scholarly journals SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS ALONG THE TERRAIN GRADIENT OF DIVERSE LANDSCAPE

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. V. Ramachandra ◽  
Settur Bharath ◽  
Aithal Bharath
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Lulc Change ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

Land use (LU) land cover (LC) information at a temporal scale illustrates the physical coverage of the Earth’s terrestrial surface according to its use and provides the intricate information for effective planning and management activities. LULC changes are stated as local and location specifc, collectively they act as drivers of global environmental changes. Understanding and predicting the impact of LULC change processes requires long term historical restorations and projecting into the future of land cover changes at regional to global scales. The present study aims at quantifying spatio temporal landscape dynamics along the gradient of varying terrains presented in the landscape by multi-data approach (MDA). MDA incorporates multi temporal satellite imagery with demographic data and other additional relevant data sets. The gradient covers three different types of topographic features, planes; hilly terrain and coastal region to account the signifcant role of elevation in land cover change. The seasonality is another aspect to be considered in the vegetation dominated landscapes; variations are accounted using multi seasonal data. Spatial patterns of the various patches are identifed and analysed using landscape metrics to understand the forest fragmentation. The prediction of likely changes in 2020 through scenario analysis has been done to account for the changes, considering the present growth rates and due to the proposed developmental projects. This work summarizes recent estimates on changes in cropland, agricultural intensifcation, deforestation, pasture expansion, and urbanization as the causal factors for LULC change.

Soziale Disziplinierung im flexiblen Kapitalismus

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (136) ◽  
pp. 339-356
Author(s):  
Tobias Wölfle ◽  
Oliver Schöller
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Municipal Level

Under the term “Hilfe zur Arbeit” (aid for work) the federal law of social welfare subsumes all kinds of labour disciplining instruments. First, the paper shows the historical connection of welfare and labour disciplining mechanisms in the context of different periods within capitalist development. In a second step, against the background of historical experiences, we will analyse the trends of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” during the past two decades. It will be shown that by the rise of unemployment, the impact of labour disciplining aspects of “Hilfe zur Arbeit” has increased both on the federal and on the municipal level. For this reason the leverage of the liberal paradigm would take place even in the core of social rights.

Designing a CRM Framework for online & offline sports footwear retailers

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Cueva ◽  
Guillem Rufian ◽  
Maria Gabriela Valdes
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Customer Relationship ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
Brick And Mortar ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Impact

The use of Customer Relationship Managers to foster customers loyalty has become one of the most common business strategies in the past years.  However, CRM solutions do not fill the abundance of happily ever-after relationships that business needs, and each client’s perception is different in the buying process.  Therefore, the experience must be precise, in order to extend the loyalty period of a customer as much as possible. One of the economic sectors in which CRM’s have improved this experience is retailing, where the personalized attention to the customer is a key factor.  However, brick and mortar experiences are not enough to be aware in how environmental changes could affect the industry trends in the long term.  A base unified theoretical framework must be taken into consideration, in order to develop an adaptable model for constructing or implementing CRMs into companies. Thanks to this approximation, the information is complemented, and the outcome will increment the quality in any Marketing/Sales initiative. The goal of this article is to explore the different factors grouped by three main domains within the impact of service quality, from a consumer’s perspective, in both on-line and off-line retailing sector.  Secondly, we plan to go a step further and extract base guidelines about previous analysis for designing CRM’s solutions focused on the loyalty of the customers for a specific retailing sector and its product: Sports Running Shoes.

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