scholarly journals Divergent effects of Wolbachia on host temperature preference

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T.J. Hague ◽  
Chelsey N. Caldwell ◽  
Brandon S. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Host Behavior ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Bacterial Endosymbiont ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Important Host ◽  
Bacterial Replication ◽  
Induced Changes

ABSTRACTHeritable symbionts can modify a range of ecologically important host traits, including behavior. About half of all insect species are infected with maternally transmitted Wolbachia, a bacterial endosymbiont known to alter host reproduction, nutrient acquisition, and virus susceptibility. Here, we broadly test the hypothesis that Wolbachia modify host behavior by assessing the effects of eight different Wolbachia strains on the temperature preference of six Drosophila melanogaster-subgroup species. Four of the seven host genotypes infected with A-group Wolbachia strains (wRi in D. simulans, wHa in D. simulans, wSh in D. sechellia, and wTei in D. teissieri) prefer significantly cooler temperatures relative to uninfected genotypes. Contrastingly, when infected with divergent B-group wMau, D. mauritiana prefer a warmer temperature. For most strains, changes to host temperature preference do not alter Wolbachia titer. However, males infected with wSh and wTei experience an increase in titer when shifted to a cooler temperature for 24 hours, suggesting that Wolbachia-induced changes to host behavior may promote bacterial replication and influence Wolbachia transmission rates. Modifications to host temperature preference likely influence host thermoregulation, and understanding the fitness consequences of these effects is crucial for predicting evolutionary outcomes of host-symbiont interactions, including how Wolbachia spread to become common.

scholarly journals Pervasive Effects of Wolbachia on Host Temperature Preference

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. J. Hague ◽  
Chelsey N. Caldwell ◽  
Brandon S. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Adult Males ◽  
Temperature Preference ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Host Behavior ◽  
Important Host ◽  
Bacterial Replication ◽  
The One ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Heritable symbionts can modify a range of ecologically important host traits, including behavior. About half of all insect species are infected with maternally transmitted Wolbachia, a bacterial endosymbiont known to alter host reproduction, nutrient acquisition, and virus susceptibility. Here, we broadly test the hypothesis that Wolbachia modifies host behavior by assessing the effects of eight different Wolbachia strains on the temperature preference of six Drosophila melanogaster subgroup species. Four of the seven host genotypes infected with A-group Wolbachia strains (wRi in Drosophila simulans, wHa in D. simulans, wSh in Drosophila sechellia, and wTei in Drosophila teissieri) prefer significantly cooler temperatures relative to uninfected genotypes. Contrastingly, when infected with divergent B-group wMau, Drosophila mauritiana prefers a warmer temperature. For most strains, changes to host temperature preference do not alter Wolbachia titer. However, males infected with wSh and wTei tend to experience an increase in titer when shifted to a cooler temperature for 24 h, suggesting that Wolbachia-induced changes to host behavior may promote bacterial replication. Our results indicate that Wolbachia modifications to host temperature preference are likely widespread, which has important implications for insect thermoregulation and physiology. Understanding the fitness consequences of these Wolbachia effects is crucial for predicting evolutionary outcomes of host-symbiont interactions, including how Wolbachia spreads to become common. IMPORTANCE Microbes infect a diversity of species, influencing the performance and fitness of their hosts. Maternally transmitted Wolbachia bacteria infect most insects and other arthropods, making these bacteria some of the most common endosymbionts in nature. Despite their global prevalence, it remains mostly unknown how Wolbachia influence host physiology and behavior to proliferate. We demonstrate pervasive effects of Wolbachia on Drosophila temperature preference. Most hosts infected with A-group Wolbachia prefer cooler temperatures, whereas the one host species infected with divergent B-group Wolbachia prefers warmer temperatures, relative to uninfected genotypes. Changes to host temperature preference generally do not alter Wolbachia abundance in host tissues, but for some A-group strains, adult males have increased Wolbachia titer when shifted to a cooler temperature. This suggests that Wolbachia-induced changes to host behavior may promote bacterial replication. Our results help elucidate the impact of endosymbionts on their hosts amid the global Wolbachia pandemic.

scholarly journals Pervasive effects of Wolbachia on host activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T.J. Hague ◽  
H. Arthur Woods ◽  
Brandon S. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Host Behavior ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Host Sex ◽  
Somatic Tissues ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ABSTRACTHeritable symbionts have diverse effects on the physiology, reproduction, and fitness of their hosts. Maternally transmitted Wolbachia are one of the most common endosymbionts in nature, infecting about half of all insect species. We test the hypothesis that Wolbachia alter host behavior by assessing the effects of 14 different Wolbachia strains on the locomotor activity of nine Drosophila host species. We find that Wolbachia alter the activity of six different host genotypes, including all hosts in our assay infected with wRi-like Wolbachia strains (wRi, wSuz, wAur), which have rapidly spread among Drosophila species in only the last 13,000 years. While Wolbachia effects on host activity were common, the direction of these effects varied unpredictability and sometimes depended on host sex. We hypothesize that the prominent effects of wRi-like Wolbachia may be explained by patterns of Wolbachia titer and localization within host somatic tissues, particularly in the central nervous system. Our findings support the view that Wolbachia have wide-ranging effects on host behavior. The fitness consequences of these behavioral modifications are important for understanding the evolution of host-symbiont interactions, including how Wolbachia spread within host populations.

scholarly journals Hox dosage contributes to flight appendage morphology in Drosophila

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Paul ◽  
Guillaume Giraud ◽  
Katrin Domsch ◽  
Marilyne Duffraisse ◽  
Frédéric Marmigère ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Hox Genes ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Hox Proteins ◽  
Spatial Expression ◽  
Flying Insects

AbstractFlying insects have invaded all the aerial space on Earth and this astonishing radiation could not have been possible without a remarkable morphological diversification of their flight appendages. Here, we show that characteristic spatial expression profiles and levels of the Hox genes Antennapedia (Antp) and Ultrabithorax (Ubx) underlie the formation of two different flight organs in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We further demonstrate that flight appendage morphology is dependent on specific Hox doses. Interestingly, we find that wing morphology from evolutionary distant four-winged insect species is also associated with a differential expression of Antp and Ubx. We propose that variation in the spatial expression profile and dosage of Hox proteins is a major determinant of flight appendage diversification in Drosophila and possibly in other insect species during evolution.

scholarly journals Effects of a New Pedestrian Pathway in Grand Teton National Park on Breeding Sagebrush Songbirds

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Anna Chalfoun
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Human Presence ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Natural Landscapes ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Induced Changes

Human-induced changes to natural landscapes have become ubiquitous, resulting in exposure of wildlife populations to novel stressors (Munns 2006). While it is clear that changes such as habitat loss can directly impact wildlife species, less clear is the extent to which human presence itself functions as a disturbance that influences wildlife behaviors with important fitness consequences. Animals clearly respond to perceived risk of predation by natural predators via, for example, fleeing, or altering foraging and/or breeding habitat selection (Marzluff 1988, Hakkarainen et al. 2001, Frid and Dill2002, Blumstein 2006, Borkowski et al. 2006, Fontaine and Martin 2006). Such responses can alter access to important resources, energy budgets, and therefore attributes such as body condition (Bechet et al. 2004) with potential impacts to survival and reproductive output. Of critical importance to the management of wildlife populations is therefore to determine 1) whether wildlife species perceive human presence as predation risk, 2) how individuals respond to such risk, and 3) how such responses influence fitness consequences and therefore population dynamics and community structure.

Effect of melatonin on Aβ42 induced changes in the mitochondrial function related to Alzheimer’s disease in Drosophila melanogaster

2019 ◽  
Vol 711 ◽  
pp. 134376
Author(s):  
Rehana Khatoon ◽  
Md. Zeeshan Rasheed ◽  
Mahika Rawat ◽  
M. Mumtaz Alam ◽  
Heena Tabassum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Induced Changes

Photoperiod-Induced Changes in Metabolic Response to Temperature in Drosophila melanogaster Meigen

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Lanciani ◽  
J. T. Giesel ◽  
J. F. Anderson ◽  
S. S. Emerson
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Induced Changes

scholarly journals Role of Critical Size on Adult life History Traits in Drosophila Melanogaster.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushboo Sharma ◽  
Mallikarjun N. Shakarad
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Critical Size ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Critical Duration ◽  
Feeding Duration ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Access To Food

Abstract BackgroundSilver-spoon hypothesis suggests that fitness of individuals is high under good adult conditions provided their development itself has been in good conditions and those who have grown in resource-poor conditions are at a permanent disadvantage. Using two types of Drosophila melanogaster populations grown under two conditions we tested the validity of silver-spoon hypothesis. Three populations were selected for faster pre-adult development as a result of which they had access to food for a shorter duration while the three control populations had access to food for longer duration as growing larvae. In the second set-up the access to food was curtailed immediately on attainment of critical size. We assessed biomolecule levels, copulation latency, copulation duration, life-time realized oviposition and longevity to validate the silver-spoon hypothesis. ResultsRestricted feeding duration as a consequence of selection for faster per-adult development had no fitness consequences in selected populations. However, starvation during post-critical duration resulted in reduced fitness. ConclusionOur results show that the silver-spoon model is applicable only under extreme nutrition curtailment and not applicable to biological systems that have genetically evolved to limit food intake.

scholarly journals The fitness consequences of P element insertion in Drosophila melanogaster

1988 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter F. Eanes ◽  
Cedric Wesley ◽  
Jody Hey ◽  
David Houle ◽  
James W. Ajioka
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
African Population ◽  
P Element ◽  
Insertion Event ◽  
Element Insertion ◽  
Lethal Mutations ◽  
Fitness Consequences ◽  
Per Se

SummaryIn this study we estimate the frequency at which P-element insertion events, as identified by in situ hybridization, generate lethal and mild viability mutations. The frequency of lethal mutations generated per insertion event was 0·004. Viability dropped an average of 1% per insertion event. Our results indicate that it is deletions and rearrangements resulting from the mobilization of P elements already in place and not the insertions per se that cause the drastic effects on viability and fitness observed in most studies of P–M dysgenesis-derived mutations. Elements of five other families (I, copia, 412, B104, and gypsy) were not mobilized in these crosses. Finally, we contrast the density of P elements on the X chromosome with the density on the four autosomal arms in a collection of thirty genomes from an African population. The relative number of P elements on the X chromosome is too high to be explained by either a hemizygous selection or a neutrality model. The possible reasons for the failure to detect selection are discussed.

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