scholarly journals The validation of new phase-dependent gait stability measures: a modeling approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Jin ◽  
Dinant Kistemaker ◽  
Jaap H. van Dieën ◽  
Andreas Daffertshofer ◽  
Sjoerd M. Bruijn
Keyword(s):  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Gait Stability ◽  
Finite Time Lyapunov Exponent ◽  
Falls In Older Adults ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Coordinate Transforms

ABSTRACTIdentification of individuals at risk of falling is important when designing fall prevention methods. Current stability measures that estimate gait stability and robustness appear limited in predicting falls in older adults. Inspired by recent findings of phase-dependent local stability changes within a gait cycle, we used compass-walker models to test several phase-dependent stability metrics for their usefulness to predict gait robustness. These metrics are closely related to the often-employed maximum finite-time Lyapunov exponent and maximum Floquet multiplier. They entail linearizing the system in a rotating hypersurface orthogonal to the period-one solution, and estimating the local divergence rate of the swing phases and the foot strikes. We correlated the metrics with the gait robustness of two compass walker models with either point or circular feet to estimate their prediction accuracy. To also test for the metrics’ invariance under coordinate transform, we represented the point-feet walker in both Euler-Lagrange and Hamiltonian canonical form. Our simulations revealed that for most of the metrics, correlations differ between models and also change under coordinate transforms, severely limiting the prediction accuracy of gait robustness. The only exception that consistently correlated with gait robustness is the divergence of foot strikes. These results admit challenges of using phase-dependent stability metrics as objective measure to quantify gait robustness.

scholarly journals The validation of new phase-dependent gait stability measures: a modelling approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 201122
Author(s):  
Jian Jin ◽  
Dinant Kistemaker ◽  
Jaap H. van Dieën ◽  
Andreas Daffertshofer ◽  
Sjoerd M. Bruijn
Keyword(s):  
State Space ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Risk Of Falling ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Space Forms ◽  
Gait Stability ◽  
Finite Time Lyapunov Exponent ◽  
Foot Strike ◽  
Falls In Older Adults ◽  
Prevention Methods

Identification of individuals at risk of falling is important when designing fall prevention methods. Current measures that estimate gait stability and robustness appear limited in predicting falls in older adults. Inspired by recent findings on changes in phase-dependent local stability within a gait cycle, we devised several phase-dependent stability measures and tested for their usefulness to predict gait robustness in compass walker models. These measures are closely related to the often-employed maximum finite-time Lyapunov exponent and maximum Floquet multiplier that both assess a system's response to infinitesimal perturbations. As such, they entail linearizing the system, but this is realized in a rotating hypersurface orthogonal to the period-one solution followed by estimating the trajectory-normal divergence rate of the swing phases and the foot strikes. We correlated the measures with gait robustness, i.e. the largest perturbation a walker can handle, in two compass walker models with either point or circular feet to estimate their prediction accuracy. To also test for the dependence of the measures under state space transform, we represented the point feet walker in both Euler–Lagrange and Hamiltonian canonical form. Our simulations revealed that for most of the measures their correlation with gait robustness differs between models and between different state space forms. In particular, the latter may jeopardize many stability measures' predictive capacity for gait robustness. The only exception that consistently displayed strong correlations is the divergence of foot strike. Our results admit challenges of using phase-dependent stability measures as objective means to estimate the risk of falling.

scholarly journals Minimal shoes improve stability and mobility in persons with a history of falls

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Cudejko ◽  
James Gardiner ◽  
Asangaedem Akpan ◽  
Kristiaan D’Août
Keyword(s):  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Stability Margin ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Margin Of Stability ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
History Of ◽  
Falls In Older Adults

AbstractPostural and walking instabilities contribute to falls in older adults. Given that shoes affect human locomotor stability and that visual, cognitive and somatosensory systems deteriorate during aging, we aimed to: (1) compare the effects of footwear type on stability and mobility in persons with a history of falls, and (2) determine whether the effect of footwear type on stability is altered by the absence of visual input or by an additional cognitive load. Thirty participants performed standing and walking trials in three footwear conditions, i.e. conventional shoes, minimal shoes, and barefoot. The outcomes were: (1) postural stability (movement of the center of pressure during eyes open/closed), (2) walking stability (Margin of Stability during normal/dual-task walking), (3) mobility (the Timed Up and Go test and the Star Excursion Balance test), and (4) perceptions of the shoes (Monitor Orthopaedic Shoes questionnaire). Participants were more stable during standing and walking in minimal shoes than in conventional shoes, independent of visual or walking condition. Minimal shoes were more beneficial for mobility than conventional shoes and barefoot. This study supports the need for longitudinal studies investigating whether minimal footwear is more beneficial for fall prevention in older people than conventional footwear.

scholarly journals The Knowledge and Attitudes of Families Regarding Elderly Fall Prevention in Pahlawan Binjai Village

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Indra Agussamad ◽  
Zuraidah Zuraidah ◽  
Rosmega ◽  
Zulkarnain Batubara
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Family Attitudes ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Falls In Older Adults

Knowledge is the result of know that going after someone makes a sensing of a particular object. While the attitude of the views or feelings that accompanied the tendency to act. If knowledge of a person's behavior, the better it would be even better. However, knowledge is either not accompanied with the attitude that knowledge would be meaningless. This study aims to describe a family of knowledge on the prevention of falls in older adults and family attitudes about the prevention of the incidence of falls in older adults at Kelurahan Pahlawan Binjai. This study was used a descriptive design with a purposive sampling technique involving 71 respondents conducted in April 2012. All respondents answered a questionnaire that was given to the respondents.

scholarly journals 42 Fall Brain: Cognitive and Biological Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv9-iv12
Author(s):  
Joe Verghese
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Clinical Predictors ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Falls In Older Adults ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract While many fall prevention strategies targeted against clinical risk factors have been tested, their success in reducing falls has been modest. Current falls research in aging is mostly focused on clinical predictors of falls. Hence, there is a knowledge gap regarding the underlying biological and neural mechanisms of falls. Emerging evidence from our and other studies implicates biological derangements in inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular pathways in the occurrence of disorders of gait, balance, and cognition, which in turn are major risk factors for falls in older adults. A growing understanding of the relationship between cognitive and mobility processes in aging opens up the possibility of novel interventions to improve mobility and reduce risk of falls.

scholarly journals Occupational Therapy and the Use of Technology on Older Adult Fall Prevention: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 702
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Miranda-Duro ◽  
Laura Nieto-Riveiro ◽  
Patricia Concheiro-Moscoso ◽  
Betania Groba ◽  
Thais Pousada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Fall Prevention ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Falls In Older Adults

Introduction: Falls are the second leading cause of accidental or non-intentional deaths worldwide and are the most common problem as people age. The primary purpose of addressing falls is to detect, prevent, treat, and reduce their incidence and consequences. Previous studies identified that multifactorial programs, an interprofessional team, and assistive technology are required to address falls in older adults effectively. Accordingly, the research question is as follows: what are the scope, type of studies, and approaches and strategies to fall risk using technology in the existing occupational therapy literature regarding interventions to address the effects of falls in older adults on daily living? Methods: This scoping review was carried out in January 2020 through Biblioteca Virtual de Salud España, C.I.N.A.H.L., Cochrane Plus, OTSeeker, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results: Twelve papers were included. We analyzed the year and journal of publication, authors’ affiliation, and design of the study, and thematic categories. There were three themes: participants’ characteristics, type of intervention, and fall approach and type of technology used. Discussion and Conclusions: The literature obtained is scarce. It is considered to still be an emerging theme, especially when considering the use of technology for occupational therapy.

Stability of gait and interlimb coordination in older adults

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (9) ◽  
pp. 2560-2569 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Krasovsky ◽  
M. C. Baniña ◽  
R. Hacmon ◽  
A. G. Feldman ◽  
A. Lamontagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Interlimb Coordination ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Gait Stability ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Double Support ◽  
Falls In Older Adults ◽  
Older Subjects

Most falls in older adults occur when walking, specifically following a trip. This study investigated the short- and longer term responses of young ( n = 24, 27.6 ± 4.5 yr) and older adults ( n = 18, 69.1 ± 4.2 yr) to a trip during gait at comfortable speed and the role of interlimb coordination in recovery from tripping. Subjects walked on a self-paced treadmill when forward movement of their dominant leg was unexpectedly arrested for 250 ms. Recovery of center of mass (COM) movements and of double-support duration following perturbation was determined. In addition, the disruption and recovery of interlimb coordination of the arms and legs was evaluated. Although young and older subjects used similar lower limb strategies in response to the trip, older adults had less stable COM movement patterns before perturbation, had longer transient destabilization (>25%) after perturbation, required more gait cycles to recover double-support duration (older, 3.48 ± 0.7 cycles; young, 2.88 ± 0.4 cycles), and had larger phase shifts that persisted after perturbation (older, −83° to −90°; young, −39° to −42°). Older adults also had larger disruptions to interlimb coordination of the arms and legs. The timing of the initial disruption in coordination was correlated with the disturbance in gait stability only in young adults. In older adults, greater initial COM instability was related to greater longer term arm incoordination. These results suggest a relationship between interlimb coordination and gait stability, which may be associated with fall risk in older adults. Reduced coordination and gait stability suggest a need for stability-related functional training even in high-functioning older adults.

Prediction of human gait activities using wearable sensors

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110012
Author(s):  
Ahmed Halim ◽  
A. Abdellatif ◽  
Mohammed I Awad ◽  
Mostafa RA Atia
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Human Gait ◽  
Inertial Measurement Units ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Acceptable Accuracy ◽  
Prediction Time ◽  
Measurement Units

This paper aims to enhance the accuracy of human gait prediction using machine learning algorithms. Three classifiers are used in this paper: XGBoost, Random Forest, and SVM. A predefined dataset is used for feature extraction and classification. Gait prediction is determined during several locomotion activities: sitting (S), level walking (LW), ramp ascend (RA), ramp descend (RD), stair ascend (SA), stair descend (SD), and standing (ST). The results are gained for steady-state (SS) and overall (full) gait cycle. Two sets of sensors are used. The first set uses inertial measurement units only. The second set uses inertial measurement units, electromyography, and electro-goniometers. The comparison is based on prediction accuracy and prediction time. In addition, a comparison between the prediction times of XGBoost with CPU and GPU is introduced due to the easiness of using XGBoost with GPU. The results of this paper can help to choose a classifier for gait prediction that can obtain acceptable accuracy with fewer types of sensors.

scholarly journals Self-perceived gait stability modulates the effect of daily life gait quality on prospective falls in older adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 475-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.H.A. Weijer ◽  
M.J.M. Hoozemans ◽  
J.H. van Dieën ◽  
M. Pijnappels
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Gait Stability ◽  
Gait Quality ◽  
Falls In Older Adults
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