scholarly journals Public's perceived importance of non-pharmacological interventions for COVID-19 control in Greece: preliminary evidence from a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni C. Boutsikari ◽  
Anna Christakou ◽  
Michail Elpidoforou ◽  
Ioannis Kopsidas ◽  
Nicholas Nikolovienis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Protection ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Organization ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Public Health Protection

Background: In the early stages of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, while effective pharmaceutical approaches are pending, COVID-19 management relies primarily on non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as social distancing,which requirepublic's engagement and behavioral adjustment. This study aims to evaluate public's perceived importance of the NPIs imposed for COVID-19 control in personal and public health protection in Greece. Methods: This cross-sectional online study, enrolled 657 adult participants from the general Greek population in order to assess their beliefs and evaluate possible factors that influence their perceptions as regards NPI importance in personal and public health protection. Results: Overall, Greeks considered NPIs important for health protection. The participants who were less likely to consider NPIs important were men (OR versus females=1.64, 95% CI:1.15 to 2.36, p=0.007), people younger than 40 years old (OR between ages over 40 versus ages below 40=0.48, 95% CI:0.34 to 0.68, p<0.001), and people who did not chose the Hellenic National Public Health Organization (EODY) to get informed about COVID-19 (OR of EODY versus other sources of information = 0.65, 95% CI:0.46-0.92, p= 0.014). Conclusions: This study profiled Greek people who do and do not consider NPIs important, mainly as of their demographic features. Focused communicational strategies in certain population subgroups are recommended.

scholarly journals Post Covid-19 urbanization requires new standards and per capita in planning, design, and building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdol Aziz Shahraki
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Protection ◽  
Urban Transport ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Public Health Protection ◽  
Urban Places

Abstract This paper studies investment reductions in urban health protection programs in the recent decades under the umbrella of plutocratic ideas. It studies the densely populated slums with little urban spaces, narrow sidewalks, traffic jams, and degraded environmental components. This paper addresses the question of how shall we reopen post-covid-19 cities sustainably and lively? Our method to find a solution is an innovative mathematical model that suggests revision in the current regulations and standards, sizes, and per capita of urban spaces with the help of maximizing necessary investments. This paper analyzes crowded neighborhoods, urban transport sites, and polluted environments where people cannot respect world health organization protocols concerning individual and public health protection. This research aims to maximize investment in public health protection for supplying suitable urban places’ sizes. Outcomes of this research will be helpful to reopen cities in the post-covid-19 everywhere in the world.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Risk Perception of Vulnerable Women on Zika Virus Infection at Primary Health Care Level in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Garcia Serpa Osorio-de-Castro ◽  
Cláudia Du Bocage Santos-Pinto ◽  
Clarice Antunes de Lima ◽  
Elaine Silva Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Data Collection Instrument

Abstract BackgroundThe ZIKV infection outbreak in Brazil surged from late 2014, peaking in 2015. Vulnerable low-income groups, with inadequate housing conditions or sanitation were most affected by ZIKV-related neurologic syndrome. We aim to detect basal knowledge and beliefs, as well as knowledge gaps among vulnerable women.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in two low-income urban community settings: a small municipality in the Center West with few ZIKV infection cases and a large municipality in the Southeast hard-hit by the epidemic. We developed an open-ended data collection instrument centered on awareness of ZIKV infection, sources of information, possible causes, symptoms, risk perception and consequences for pregnant women, and applied it to vulnerable women after informed consent. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and content coded for thematic analysis.ResultsSeventy-nine women responded. The majority had some knowledge of the disease, its causes and consequences but distanced themselves from ZIKV infection. Health services in both communities did not respond adequately and did not contribute to communicate risk for women and children. ConclusionsIn an uncertain future scenario as to reemergence of disease, we propose that awareness will be diminished and acquired knowledge lost. This is a great public health challenge that must be overcome to prepare both vulnerable groups and the health system for public health emergencies.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of overweight and obesity in school going children: 11-15 years in the urban area of Cuttack city

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
S. Suneeti Kanyari ◽  
Durga M. Satapathy ◽  
Rama C. Giri
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children And Adolescent ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: The world health organization has described obesity as one of today’s most neglected public health problems, affecting developed and developing countries in the world. A dramatic increase in overweight and obesity among children and adolescent has raised the concern of various public health physicians especially in developing country like India. This study was conducted with an objective to study the prevalence of overweight and obesity and its associated risk factors among school going children of Cuttack city.Methods: School based cross sectional study was done among the children of 6th to 10th class. To calculate the maximum sample size prevalence of obesity was assumed to be 10%, taking absolute error of 2% and 10% non-response rate the sample was calculated to be 1000. By multistage sampling method the children were selected. Data was collected using a pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire and analyzed by using SPSS version 16.Results: The combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 20.2% and it was higher among boys (20.6%) than girls (19.8%). Overweight and obesity was found to be significantly associated with type of school, parent’s occupation, hours of using TV/computer, eating habit, family history of obesity, type of family and mode of transport to school.Conclusions: Prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be high in school going children, which indicates an urgent need to increase awareness via education and motivation of all stakeholders to prevent the complications in future.

scholarly journals Child feeding practices in a rural Western Kenya community

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace M. Mbagaya
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Child Feeding ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Insufficient Milk

Background: Breastfeeding is nearly universal in Kenya. However, supplementation of breast milk starts too early, thereby exposing the infants to diarrhoea and other infections. Despite the recommendation of the World Health Organization (WHO) of exclusive breastfeeding (EB) from birth to six months, EB is rare and poorly timed and complementary feeding (CF) practices are still common. The study describes feeding practices of children aged 0 to 24 months in the Mumias Division of the Kakamega district in Kenya. Method: Using a cross-sectional study, 180 mothers of infants/children were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, feeding practices and sources of information on the same were obtained from the mothers.Results: Whereas 92.1% of the children were breastfed, only 12.2% of the mothers practiced EB up to 4 to 6 months. Mothers introduced liquids and complementary foods at a mean age of 2.7 months and by the fourth month, more than one-third (34.5%) of the mothers had initiated CF. Apart from water, fresh milk, tea, commercial juices, maize-meal/millet porridge, mashed potatoes, bananas and fruits were also introduced. The perceived reasons for introducing these foods included the child being old enough (33.8%), another pregnancy (25%), insufficient milk (20.3%), sickness of the mother or child (10.5%) and in order for the child to eat other foods (11.4%). Over half (53.3%) of the mothers obtained information on BF and CF from friends, neighbours, media advertisements and health workers.Conclusion: Breastfeeding is common; however, mothers do not seem to practice the WHO recommendations. Mothers in this study area and other rural communities need to be empowered with information on the correct BF and CF practices through existing government health services, nongovernmental organisations and other community-based networks, especially in the light of the HIV/AIDS pandemic.

Women and Continuous Labour Support in Public Health Facilities in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olabisi Fatimo Ibitoye ◽  
Deliwe R Phetlhu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Facilities ◽  
Childbirth Experience ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right

Childbirth is a multifaceted process that is influenced by several factors resulting in an unsatisfactory or satisfactory childbirth experience. Continuous labour support (CLS) has been identified as a positive contributor to a satisfactory birthing experience, and consequently positive maternal health outcomes. The World Health Organization recommended the right of a pregnant woman to have a companion of her choice during labour, but CLS practice remains a mirage in Nigerian hospitals. This descriptive cross-sectional study explores the perceptions, attitudes and preferences of 368 randomly selected women regarding CLS in public hospitals in South West Nigeria. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire developed from the literature review and analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS Version 20. The findings revealed that the participants perceived support from midwives during labour as inadequate but that they were satisfied with professional care at birth. The participants perceived the inclusion of a familiar person for support as beneficial and expressed positive disposition to the introduction of persons from their social network for labour support in public health facilities. The preference for husbands and mothers as labour support persons was higher among the study participants.

scholarly journals Promoting mask use on TikTok: An unconventional approach to public health education (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey H Basch ◽  
Joseph Fera ◽  
Isabela Pierce ◽  
Charles E Basch
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
Public Health Messages ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Health Organization

BACKGROUND Over the past decade, there has been an increasing secular trend in studies of social media and health. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the content and characteristics of TikTok videos related to an important aspect of community mitigation, namely use of masks as a way to interrupt transmission of SARS-CoV-2. METHODS One-hundred trending video with the hashtag #WearAMask, a campaign on TikTok, along with 32 videos posted by the World Health Organization (WHO) that included masks in any way (to date) were included in the sample. Metadata on each post and content categories created using fact sheets from WHO and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) inform characteristics that were coded. RESULTS Videos posted using the hashtag #WearAMask garnered almost a half billion views, (n = 494,824,395) and videos posted by the WHO garnered over 57 million views. While the ratio of trending #WearAMask to WHO videos was ~3:1, the #WearAMask videos received almost 10 times as many cumulative views. A total of 68% of the trending #WearAMask videos used humor (garnering over 355 million cumulative views), but only three of the WHO videos used humor, and while 27% of the trending #WearAMask videos used dance (garnering over 130 million cumulative views), none of the WHO videos used dance. CONCLUSIONS This study is one of the first to describe how TikTok is being used for community mitigation of COVID-19 by promoting mask use. Because of its incredible reach, there is great potential to convey important public health messages to various segments of the population.

Disposal Practices of Unused Medications Among Patients in Public Health Centers of Dessie Town, Northeast Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Haile Kassahun ◽  
Dugessa Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Northeast Ethiopia ◽  
Unused Medications ◽  
At Home

Background: Disposal of pharmaceutical waste among patients is a global challenge especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. Improper medication disposal can lead to health problems and environmental contaminations. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess disposal practices of unused medications among patients in public health centers of Dessie town, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 263 patients in four public health centers of Dessie town, Ethiopia from March to June, 2019. Face-to-face interviews using structured questionnaires were used to collect data from each study subject. Results: The majority of the respondents, 224 (85.17%) had unused medications at their home during the study period. The most commonly reported disposal method in the present study was flushing down into a toilet 66 (25.09%). None of the respondents practiced returning unused medications to Pharmacy. Moreover, 85 (32.31%) of the respondents reported never disposing their medications and believed that it is acceptable to store medications at home for future use. Conclusion: In the present study, there was a high practice of keeping medications at home and most of the disposal practices were not recommended methods. In addition, most of the respondents did not get advice from pharmacists and other health care professionals on how to dispose off unused medications. Hence, there is a need for proper education and guidance of patients regarding disposal practices of unused medications.

Evaluation of Drug Use Based on WHO Prescribing Indicator in Mizan- Tepi University Teaching Hospital, south Western Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Hambisa ◽  
Rediet Feleke ◽  
Ameha Zewudie ◽  
Mohammed Yimam
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hospital Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization

Background:: Rational drug use comprises aspects of prescribing, dispensing and patient use of medicines for different health problems. This study is aimed to assess drug prescribing practice based on the world health organization prescribing indicators in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Methods:: An institutional based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted to evaluate prescribing practices in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Data were collected based on World health organization drug use indicators using prescription papers. 600 prescriptions dispensed through the general outpatient pharmacy of the hospital were collected by systematic random sampling method from prescriptions written for a 1-year time in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. Results:: The present study found that the average number of drugs per prescription was 2.04 ± 0.87 in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital with a range between 1 and 5. Prescribing by generic name was 97.6 % and 47.8% of prescriptions contained antibiotics in the hospital. 27.7% of prescriptions contained at least one injectable medication in Mizan-Tepi University teaching hospital. From prescribed drugs, 96.7% of them were prescribed from Ethiopian essential drug list. Conclusion:: Present study indicated that the average number of drugs prescribed per encounter, the percentage of generic prescribing and prescribing from the EDL were close to optimal value. However, the percentage of encounters with antibiotics and injections prescribed were found be very high. Thus, the study highlights some improvements in prescribing habits, particularly by focusing on the inappropriate consumption of antibiotics and injections.

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