scholarly journals Joint CBC-ICT Interpretation for the pre-surgical screening of COVID 19 asymptomatic cases: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanzeel Imran ◽  
Humera Altaf Naz ◽  
Hamza Khan ◽  
Ali Haider Bangash ◽  
Laraib Bakhtiar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Monocyte Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Limited Health

AbstractBackgroundOn 26th, February 2020, first cases of COVID 19 were confirmed in Pakistan. Since then, surgeries were halted in a bid to prevent transmission. However, since such a long halt is infeasible, a general protocol of screening the carriers, especially asymptomatic carries, is a dire need of time. The objective of our study is to propose an economically feasible protocol of COVID 19 screening. Simple but effective screening strategies can help to restore the workings of hospital surgical departments.MethodsWe analyzed the clinical data of patients turning up for elective surgeries at the Rawal General Hospital (RGH), Islamabad from the 24th of March to the 15th of May, 2020. Asymptomatic patients with negative COVID 19 contact and travel histories were screened with COVID 19 Immunochromatography (ICT) IgM / IgG Ab Test. Complete blood count (CBC) was done and interpreted in conjunction with the ICT results.Results39 patients with a mean age of 49 years were studied. The result of ICT for COVID-19 was positive in 9 cases (23%). The entire positive ICT patients population expressed significantly lower lymphocyte count (p<0.01); 8 patients had high monocyte count (p<0.05) whereas only 4 patients had a combined high neutrophil and monocyte count (P<0.05). All of these four patients with high neutrophil count were females. The combined interpretation of CBC and ICT IgM / IgG Ab Test had a high accuracy in diagnosing asymptomatic COVID-19 carriers that were later confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR).ConclusionWe propose that joint CBC-ICT interpretation should be adopted on a large scale to help in the diagnoses of asymptomatic carriers as both tests are simple and inexpensive and thus suit the developing countries’ limited health budget. Future research projects should be adopted in order to assess the accuracy of the proposed protocol on a large scale.

scholarly journals Covid-19 Positive Antenatal Patients in Obstetrics and Gynea Unit, Peshawar

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Rabeea Sadaf ◽  
Muhammed Zahid ◽  
Nasreen Kishwar ◽  
Umaiyma Farhad ◽  
Behzad Khan Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cesarean Birth ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Antenatal Visits

OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to determine the frequency of COVID-19 positive antenatal patients admitted in Obstetrics & Gynecology unit Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar with the concerns that pregnant women may be more susceptible to COVID-19 as they may be more vulnerable to respiratory infection. METHODOLOGY: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted at Obstetrics & Gynecology units Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from May 12th, 2020, to November 29th, 2020, screening and testing of patients admitted for childbirth was in HMC. Screening consisted of questions related to travel, contacts, and symptoms of COVID-19. All patients without a prior diagnosis of COVID-19 underwent SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing of nasopharyngeal swabs, with rapid testing available. Patients scheduled for cesarean birth were screened and tested at preoperative visits RESULTS:  One hundred eighty-two patients presenting for antenatal visits were screened; 6.5% (12 out of 182) were previously diagnosed with COVID-19. The remaining 170 patients were tested at admission, and 17.6% (30 out of 170) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Twenty-two of the 30 who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (73.3%) were asymptomatic. The overall prevalence of positive test results among asymptomatic patients was 14.1% (22 out of 156). The prevalence of positive test results among asymptomatic patients increased from 1.29% (2 out of 155). CONCLUSION: The evidence on this novel infection is changing almost daily, although it will likely be many months before, we can determine the true impact it will have on both maternal and fetal well‐being. In the interim, our primary responsibility is to ensure all women have access to safe maternity services. KEYWORDS: Asymptomatic, COVID-19 Positive, Antenatal Patients, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Infection

A large-scale population-based epidemiological study on the prevalence of central sensitization syndromes in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Haruyama ◽  
Toshimi Sairenchi ◽  
Koji Uchiyama ◽  
Keisuke Suzuki ◽  
Koichi Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Sensitization ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Coffee Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Potential Factors

Abstract To investigate the prevalence of CSS in a general population. A large-scale cross-sectional study on 21,661 residents (7,531 men, 14,130 women) in a community in Japan was performed. CSS were assessed using Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI-A, B). Participants with a CSI-A score ≥40 was defined as having CSS. Age, sex, district, CSI-B (10 CSS-related diseases), lifestyle, and mental health factors were rated in a self-reported survey. The prevalence of CSS and its relationship with potential factors were examined by sex using descriptive and logistic regression models. The prevalence of CSS was 5.4% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 5.1 to 5.7) in all participants. It significantly differed between men (3.6%, 95% CI 3.2 to 4.1) and women (6.3%, 95% CI 5.6 to 6.7). A CSI-A score ≥40 correlated with more than one CSI-B disease, exercise habits, sleeping hours per day, perceived stress, and resilience in both men and women. In women, age, ex-smokers, coffee intake (≥1 day per week), and alcohol intake correlated with CSS. The prevalence of CSS was 5.4% in the community examined and was higher in women than in men. CSS-related diseases and many factors correlated with CSS. The present results provide important information for future research on CSS.

scholarly journals Speech Therapy and Self-awareness About Stuttering for Adults Who are Stutters in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiza Iqbal ◽  
Muhamad Dzahir Bin Kasa ◽  
Yahya Don
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Males And Females

All over the world extra than 70 pile human beings whichever stutter, who is in relation to 1% on the population (Bloodstein &amp; Bernstein-Ratner, 2008).  Recent research bear referred to troubling findings related to the cognitive, affective, and communal blessing over human beings who stutter people who stutters. The level of understanding among adult stutters in Pakistan concerning the problem of stuttering Awareness and speech therapy. For this study, cross sectional study design was used. Research has been conducted in Govt. and private sector tertiary care Hospitals in Lahore Pakistan. The study is completed within four months from December 2018 to February 2019. Between the ages of Dec 2018 to March 2019, adult stuttering clients were taken, over 15 years of age. Inclusion requirements included all the males and females above 15 years of age who were stuttering. This involves pupils, males and females with blockage, delay, prolongation or any other primary or secondary signs stuttering. Both congenital or chronic disease stutters were ruled out. All patients were briefly interviewed before they were considered as part of the study to ensure that they met the criteria for inclusion. A Performa was established and validated by 10 experts after literature review and expert opinion (having a minimum of 5 years of field experience). There is a significant correlation between Understanding regarding the Stuttering issues and understanding of Stuttering Self Therapy. Awareness on the issue of Stuttering on the understanding of speech therapy for Stutter individuals is shown to be substantially successful. These approaches of speech therapy differ by individual because of the differences between them. It was also found that the more stutter has knowledge of his question with expression the more he performs and utilizes psychological self-help strategies. The study was conducted only on adult stutters. It was a short-run analysis. Sample was taken from a single Pakistani city. Large-scale analysis should be performed for large sample size. The research should include more than in Pakistani city population. Research may also involve children who stutter in future research.

scholarly journals Frequency distribution of dental caries disease among the local community of Harichand

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-316
Author(s):  
Haroon Haroon ◽  
Tauseef Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Inamullah Inamullah ◽  
Arif Jan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Male To Female

A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the dental caries disease and associated risk factors among the study subjects in Harichand, Pakistan. A total of 150 patients were investigated, of which male to female percentage was (77%) and (23%) respectively. The maximum tooth decay (33%) was found in the age (years) of 21-30. The results showed that decayed and missing teeth (DMT) were (57%), followed by decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) (27%) and filled teeth (FT) (16%). Most of the patients were suffering from score 6, (30%). The DMT and score 6 was recorded high among the study subjects in Harichand. This study will update the epidemiology of dental caries diseases, increase awareness, and provide the base line information for future research and intervention. Further studies are recommended on large scale.

Clinical and Laboratory Predictors of Mortality in Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Real ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Biochemical ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes numerous symptoms, and laboratory and radiologic features can help diagnose and manage the patients with COVID-19. Objectives: The present study aimed to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features and outcomes of COVID-19 patients and compare clinical features between the intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU admitted patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 781 patients hospitalized following COVID-19 in Rasoul Akram Hospital from February to May…Epidemiological, demographic, clinical, laboratory, therapeutic, and outcomes of patients were collected. Routine blood tests included complete blood count, coagulation profile, and serum biochemical tests. Confirmed infection was defined as positive real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to SARS-CoV-2 in their nasopharyngeal specimens or typical clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings of COVID-19 infection altogether. All data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 21). Results: In the current study, 225 patients died during hospitalization and 556 patients were discharged. The mean age of the patients was 64 years. PCR test was performed for all patients, and the test result was positive for 120 (15.36%) patients. Hypertension (31.8%) and tuberculosis (1.4%) were the most and least common underlying diseases among patients. Demographic characteristics and underlying diseases of the patients in the two groups of positive and negative PCR did not significantly differ (P>0.05). Cough (75.7%) and seizure (2.4%) were the most and least commonly observed symptoms. Moreover, the distribution of cases presented with fatigue and diarrhea was significantly higher in the group with negative PCR, compared to the positive PCR group (P<0.05). Conclusion: As evidenced by the obtained results, the mere PCR cannot be a reliable criterion for the diagnoses of COVID-19. Seizure as the rarest symptom cannot differentiate between COVID-19 and other infections. Positive PCR, dyspnea, and myalgia can increase the odds of mortality by two times. Hospitalization in ICU was the main variable that increased the odds of death by 10 times.

Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study of the Problem Areas in Diabetes Survey among Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 2393-PUB
Author(s):  
KENICHIRO TAKAHASHI ◽  
MINORI SHINODA ◽  
RIKA SAKAMOTO ◽  
JUN SUZUKI ◽  
TADASHI YAMAKAWA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetes Survey

Gambling-like video game practices: A cross-sectional study of links with problem gambling and disordered gaming

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Zendle
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Video Gaming ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Streaming Services ◽  
Clinically Significant

A variety of practices have recently emerged which are related to both video games and gambling. Most prominent of these are loot boxes. However, a broad range of other activities have recently emerged which are also related to both gambling and video games: esports betting, real-money video gaming, token wagering, social casino play, and watching videos of both loot box opening and gambling on game streaming services like Twitch.Whilst a nascent body of research has established the robust existence of a relationship between loot box spending and both problem gambling and disordered gaming, little research exists which examines whether similar links may exist for the diverse practices outlined above. Furthermore, no research has thus far attempted to estimate the prevalence of these activities.A large-scale survey of a representative sample of UK adults (n=1081) was therefore conducted in order to investigate these issues. Engagement in all measured forms of gambling-like video game practices were significantly associated with both problem gambling and disordered gaming. An aggregate measure of engagement was associated with both these outcomes to a clinically significant degree (r=0.23 and r=0.43). Engagement in gambling-like video game practices appeared widespread, with a 95% confidence interval estimating that 16.3% – 20.9% of the population engaged in these activities at least once in the last year. Engagement in these practices was highly inter-correlated: Individuals who engaged in one practice were likely to engage in several more.Overall, these results suggest that the potential effects of the blurring of lines between video games and gambling should not primarily be understood to be due to the presence of loot boxes in video games. They suggest the existence of a convergent ecosystem of gambling-like video game practices, whose causal relationships with problem gambling and disordered gaming are currently unclear but must urgently be investigated.

scholarly journals Examination of Construct Validity and Criterion-Related Validity of the German Motor Test in Egyptian Schoolchildren

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8341
Author(s):  
Osama Abdelkarim ◽  
Julian Fritsch ◽  
Darko Jekauc ◽  
Klaus Bös
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Latent Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Order ◽  
Motor Test ◽  
Health Related

Physical fitness is an indicator for children’s public health status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the construct validity and the criterion-related validity of the German motor test (GMT) in Egyptian schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 931 children aged 6 to 11 years (age: 9.1 ± 1.7 years) with 484 (52%) males and 447 (48%) females in grades one to five in Assiut city. The children’s physical fitness data were collected using GMT. GMT is designed to measure five health-related physical fitness components including speed, strength, coordination, endurance, and flexibility of children aged 6 to 18 years. The anthropometric data were collected based on three indicators: body height, body weight, and BMI. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted with IBM SPSS AMOS 26.0 using full-information maximum likelihood. The results indicated an adequate fit (χ2 = 112.3, df = 20; p < 0.01; CFI = 0.956; RMSEA = 0.07). The χ2-statistic showed significant results, and the values for CFI and RMSEA showed a good fit. All loadings of the manifest variables on the first-order latent factors as well as loadings of the first-order latent factors on the second-order superordinate factor were significant. The results also showed strong construct validity in the components of conditioning abilities and moderate construct validity in the components of coordinative abilities. GMT proved to be a valid method and could be widely used on large-scale studies for health-related fitness monitoring in the Egyptian population.

scholarly journals 425. The Utility of Paired Upper and Lower COVID-19 Sampling in Patients with Artificial Airways

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S279-S279
Author(s):  
Eimear Kitt ◽  
Julia S Sammons ◽  
Kathleen Chiotos ◽  
Susan E Coffin ◽  
Susan E Coffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends upper respiratory tract (URT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing as the initial diagnostic test for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Lower respiratory tract (LRT) testing for patients requiring mechanical ventilation is also recommended. The goal of this study was to evaluate concordance between paired URT and LRT specimens in children undergoing pre-admission/procedure screening or diagnostic testing. We hypothesized that &lt; 10% of paired tests would have discordant results. Methods Single center cross-sectional study including children with artificial airways who had paired URT and LRT SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing between 4/1/2020 and 6/8/2020. URT specimens included nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and aspirates. LRT specimens included tracheal aspirates and bronchoalveolar lavages. URT and LRT specimens were classified as paired if the two specimens were collected within 24 hours. Artificial airways included tracheostomies and endotracheal tubes. Tests were classified as diagnostic versus screening based on the indication selected in the order. Results 102 paired specimens were obtained during the study period. Fifty-nine were performed for screening and 43 were performed for diagnosis of suspected SARS-CoV-2. Overall, 94 specimens (92%) were concordant, including 89 negative from both sources and 5 positive from both sources. Eight specimens (8%) were discordant, all of which were positive from the URT and negative from the LRT (Figure 1). Among patients undergoing screening, 3 of 4 positive tests were discordant and among symptomatic patients, 5 of 9 positive tests were discordant. There were no instances of a positive LRT specimen with a negative URT specimen. Figure 1. Performance of upper and lower respiratory tract SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing in children with artificial airways Conclusion Overall, most paired samples from the URT and LRT yielded concordant results with no pairs positive from the LRT and negative from the URT. These data support the CDC recommendation that URT specimens are the preferred initial SARS-CoV-2 test, while LRT specimens should be collected only from mechanically ventilated with suspected SARS-CoV-2. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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