scholarly journals Frequency distribution of dental caries disease among the local community of Harichand

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-316
Author(s):  
Haroon Haroon ◽  
Tauseef Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Inamullah Inamullah ◽  
Arif Jan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Male To Female

A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the dental caries disease and associated risk factors among the study subjects in Harichand, Pakistan. A total of 150 patients were investigated, of which male to female percentage was (77%) and (23%) respectively. The maximum tooth decay (33%) was found in the age (years) of 21-30. The results showed that decayed and missing teeth (DMT) were (57%), followed by decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) (27%) and filled teeth (FT) (16%). Most of the patients were suffering from score 6, (30%). The DMT and score 6 was recorded high among the study subjects in Harichand. This study will update the epidemiology of dental caries diseases, increase awareness, and provide the base line information for future research and intervention. Further studies are recommended on large scale.

scholarly journals Identifying the Most Common CrossFit Injuries in a Variety of Athletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 117957271989706
Author(s):  
Kirill Alekseyev ◽  
Alex John ◽  
Andrew Malek ◽  
Malcolm Lakdawala ◽  
Nikhil Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
Expertise Level ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: CrossFit is an increasingly popular, rapidly growing exercise regimen. Few studies have evaluated CrossFit-associated musculoskeletal injuries on a large scale. This study explores such injuries and associated risk factors in detail. Objective: To identify the most common musculoskeletal injuries endured during CrossFit training among athletes at different levels of expertise. Design: Survey-based retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting: Distribution at CrossFit gyms in the United States and internationally. Also published on active online forums. Participants: A total of 885 former and current CrossFit athletes. Methods: Institutional review board-approved 33-question Web-based survey focused on CrossFit injuries and associated risk factors. Survey submissions were accepted for a period of 6 months. Main outcome measurements: Specific injuries with associated workouts, risk factors that affected injury including (1) basic demographics, (2) regional differences in reported injuries, (3) training intensity, and (4) expertise level at time of injury. Results: Of the 885 respondents, 295 (33.3%) were injured. The most common injuries involved the back (95/295, 32.2%) and shoulder (61/295, 20.7%). The most common exercises that caused injury were squats (65/295, 22.0%) and deadlifts (53/295, 18.0%). Advanced-level (64/295, 21.7%) athletes were more significantly injured than beginner-level (40/295, 13.6%) athletes. International participants were 2.2 times more likely than domestic US participants to suffer injury. Individuals with 3+ years of CrossFit experience were 3.3 times more likely to be injured than those with 2 or less years of experience. Participants who trained for 11+ h/week were significantly more likely to be injured than those who trained less than or equal to 10 h/week. Conclusions: As CrossFit becomes more popular, it is important to monitor the safety of its practitioners. Further studies are needed to explore how to lower this injury prevalence of 33.3%. Areas to focus on include factors that have caused the regional (international vs US states) differences, level of expertise/experience differences (advanced level vs intermediate and beginner levels), and stretching routine modifications.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Depression among Transgender Male to Female in Kuantan, Pahang

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Hadis ND ◽  
Draman S ◽  
Samsudin S ◽  
Yusuf MZ ◽  
Md Rosli AN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Health Assessment ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Male To Female

Introduction: Transgender is an umbrella term for persons whose gender identity, gender expression or behaviour does not conform to that typically associated with the sex to which they were assigned at birth. Transgender individuals are particularly vulnerable to mental health concerns and psychological distress. Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and associated risk factors among transgender male to female in Kuantan, Pahang.  Material and method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 96 transgender male to female in Kuantan, Pahang. A convenient type of sampling was used as a mean of data collection. A selfadministered validated Malay version of Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) was used to screen for depression. Result:  Majority of the respondent were Malay (82.3%), Muslim (99%), unmarried (93.8%) and monthly income <RM2300 (91.7%). Prevalence of depression among transgender male to female in Kuantan is 37.5%. There is no significant association between sociodemographic data of participants and depression. Conclusion: This study shows that almost one third of transgender male to female are at risk of depression. Therefore, screening for mental health assessment is recommended so that important measures can be taken to prevent depression among this high-risk group.

scholarly journals Joint CBC-ICT Interpretation for the pre-surgical screening of COVID 19 asymptomatic cases: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanzeel Imran ◽  
Humera Altaf Naz ◽  
Hamza Khan ◽  
Ali Haider Bangash ◽  
Laraib Bakhtiar Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Monocyte Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Limited Health

AbstractBackgroundOn 26th, February 2020, first cases of COVID 19 were confirmed in Pakistan. Since then, surgeries were halted in a bid to prevent transmission. However, since such a long halt is infeasible, a general protocol of screening the carriers, especially asymptomatic carries, is a dire need of time. The objective of our study is to propose an economically feasible protocol of COVID 19 screening. Simple but effective screening strategies can help to restore the workings of hospital surgical departments.MethodsWe analyzed the clinical data of patients turning up for elective surgeries at the Rawal General Hospital (RGH), Islamabad from the 24th of March to the 15th of May, 2020. Asymptomatic patients with negative COVID 19 contact and travel histories were screened with COVID 19 Immunochromatography (ICT) IgM / IgG Ab Test. Complete blood count (CBC) was done and interpreted in conjunction with the ICT results.Results39 patients with a mean age of 49 years were studied. The result of ICT for COVID-19 was positive in 9 cases (23%). The entire positive ICT patients population expressed significantly lower lymphocyte count (p<0.01); 8 patients had high monocyte count (p<0.05) whereas only 4 patients had a combined high neutrophil and monocyte count (P<0.05). All of these four patients with high neutrophil count were females. The combined interpretation of CBC and ICT IgM / IgG Ab Test had a high accuracy in diagnosing asymptomatic COVID-19 carriers that were later confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR).ConclusionWe propose that joint CBC-ICT interpretation should be adopted on a large scale to help in the diagnoses of asymptomatic carriers as both tests are simple and inexpensive and thus suit the developing countries’ limited health budget. Future research projects should be adopted in order to assess the accuracy of the proposed protocol on a large scale.

scholarly journals Dental Caries Experience in 6-13 Years Old School Children of Dharan Sub-Metropolitan City, Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Bhawana Sigdel Bastola ◽  
Bandana Koirala ◽  
Mamta Dali ◽  
Sneha Shrestha ◽  
Dharanidhar Baral
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary Dentition ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Introduction: Dental caries though preventable oral health problem is affecting school children worldwide and around 50% of Nepalese children are suffering from it. Baseline data with good understanding of dental caries and associated risk factors are necessary to form preventive strategies for setting and achieving oral health goals. Objective: This study was conducted to determine dental caries experience and associated risk factors among school-going children of 6-13 years old in Dharan sub-metropolitan city, Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 5th Jan 2018 to 4th Jan 2019 among 680 school children selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Pretested, standardized, closed-ended questionnaire answered by the parents was used to gather information regarding the associated risk factors. Dental caries experience was obtained from deft/DMFT (WHO modification 1997). Comparison of categorical data was done using Chi-square test. Multivariable binary logistic regressions were used for the statistical analysis. Results: The overall caries prevalence was 61.6%, in primary dentition it was 48.25% and in permanent dentition it was 34.4%. Dental caries experience was with mean deft 4.67 (±2.7) in primary dentition and mean DMFT 1.72 (±1.05).in permanent dentition. Multivariate analysis showed significant association between dental caries experience and grade three and grade four school children had experienced greater caries (p<0.05, OR =2.7). Dental caries was associated with eating sweets at night (p<0.001, OR=2.5) and snacking in-between meals (p<0.001, OR=2.5). Conclusions: Dental caries among school-children in Dharan showed a significant burden especially within the primary dentition. It was significantly associated with factors like feeding habits -eating sweets in a day, eating sweets at night and snaking in between meals

A large-scale population-based epidemiological study on the prevalence of central sensitization syndromes in Japan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Haruyama ◽  
Toshimi Sairenchi ◽  
Koji Uchiyama ◽  
Keisuke Suzuki ◽  
Koichi Hirata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Sensitization ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Coffee Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Scale Population ◽  
Potential Factors

Abstract To investigate the prevalence of CSS in a general population. A large-scale cross-sectional study on 21,661 residents (7,531 men, 14,130 women) in a community in Japan was performed. CSS were assessed using Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI-A, B). Participants with a CSI-A score ≥40 was defined as having CSS. Age, sex, district, CSI-B (10 CSS-related diseases), lifestyle, and mental health factors were rated in a self-reported survey. The prevalence of CSS and its relationship with potential factors were examined by sex using descriptive and logistic regression models. The prevalence of CSS was 5.4% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 5.1 to 5.7) in all participants. It significantly differed between men (3.6%, 95% CI 3.2 to 4.1) and women (6.3%, 95% CI 5.6 to 6.7). A CSI-A score ≥40 correlated with more than one CSI-B disease, exercise habits, sleeping hours per day, perceived stress, and resilience in both men and women. In women, age, ex-smokers, coffee intake (≥1 day per week), and alcohol intake correlated with CSS. The prevalence of CSS was 5.4% in the community examined and was higher in women than in men. CSS-related diseases and many factors correlated with CSS. The present results provide important information for future research on CSS.

scholarly journals Prevalence of dental caries among 13 and 14 years of school going children in urban Chidambaram: a cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 5000
Author(s):  
S. Kuzhali ◽  
P. Kalyani ◽  
A. John William Felix
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Private School ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Government School ◽  
The Government ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Dental caries is a public health problem in developing countries like India. Indian trends show increase in prevalence of dental caries over last five decades with prevalence of 50 to 60%. The present study was conducted to find out the prevalence of dental caries and to find out the associated risk factors for dental caries among 13- and 14-years school children in urban Chidambaram.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out for the period of 3 months from October to December 2019. 136 students from one government and private school were selected conveniently. Data were collected using a pre-tested, structured questionnaire, which were analyzed using Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.Results: The prevalence of dental caries was found to be 58.8%. The prevalence of dental caries was found to higher among the boys (62.1%), lower socioeconomic class students (80.4%) and students studying in the government school (66.7%). There is significant association between frequency of brushing, rinsing of mouth after taking food, brushing technique, frequency changing of brush, duration of brushing and presence of dental caries. (p<0.001).Conclusions: Lack of awareness, poor oral hygienic practices are seemingly the contributing factors for the development of dental caries. Dental caries is a preventable disease which can be alleviated by creating community awareness through health education activities.

scholarly journals Relationship between Oral Hypofunction, and Protein Intake: A Cross-Sectional Study in Local Community-Dwelling Adults

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4377
Author(s):  
Keitaro Nishi ◽  
Hiroaki Kanouchi ◽  
Akihiko Tanaka ◽  
Maya Nakamura ◽  
Tomofumi Hamada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Intake ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Nutritional Assessment ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Index ◽  
Significant Difference

Few studies have investigated the relationship between nutritional status and comprehensive assessment of oral hypofunction, especially protein intake-related sarcopenia. Thus, we explored these relationships in a large-scale cross-sectional cohort study using the seven-item evaluation for oral hypofunction and Diet History Questionnaire for nutritional assessment. We used the data from 1004 individuals who participated in the 2019 health survey of the residents of Tarumizu City, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan for analysis. We found that individuals with oral hypofunction were significantly older with a lower skeletal muscle index. Although there were few foods that had a significant difference between the groups with and without oral hypofunction, the consumption of beans and meats was significantly lower in women and men in the oral hypofunction group, respectively. According to the lower limit of the tentative dietary goal defined in Japan, comprehensive evaluation of oral hypofunction was significantly and independently associated with protein intake in both men and women (odds ratio, 1.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–2.35). In conclusion, we found that oral hypofunction was associated with targeted protein intake for sarcopenia and frailty prevention in middle-aged and older community-dwelling adults. Comprehensive evaluation of oral function with intervention in cases of hypofunction could inform clinicians to better prevent sarcopenia.

scholarly journals Speech Therapy and Self-awareness About Stuttering for Adults Who are Stutters in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiza Iqbal ◽  
Muhamad Dzahir Bin Kasa ◽  
Yahya Don
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Males And Females

All over the world extra than 70 pile human beings whichever stutter, who is in relation to 1% on the population (Bloodstein &amp; Bernstein-Ratner, 2008).  Recent research bear referred to troubling findings related to the cognitive, affective, and communal blessing over human beings who stutter people who stutters. The level of understanding among adult stutters in Pakistan concerning the problem of stuttering Awareness and speech therapy. For this study, cross sectional study design was used. Research has been conducted in Govt. and private sector tertiary care Hospitals in Lahore Pakistan. The study is completed within four months from December 2018 to February 2019. Between the ages of Dec 2018 to March 2019, adult stuttering clients were taken, over 15 years of age. Inclusion requirements included all the males and females above 15 years of age who were stuttering. This involves pupils, males and females with blockage, delay, prolongation or any other primary or secondary signs stuttering. Both congenital or chronic disease stutters were ruled out. All patients were briefly interviewed before they were considered as part of the study to ensure that they met the criteria for inclusion. A Performa was established and validated by 10 experts after literature review and expert opinion (having a minimum of 5 years of field experience). There is a significant correlation between Understanding regarding the Stuttering issues and understanding of Stuttering Self Therapy. Awareness on the issue of Stuttering on the understanding of speech therapy for Stutter individuals is shown to be substantially successful. These approaches of speech therapy differ by individual because of the differences between them. It was also found that the more stutter has knowledge of his question with expression the more he performs and utilizes psychological self-help strategies. The study was conducted only on adult stutters. It was a short-run analysis. Sample was taken from a single Pakistani city. Large-scale analysis should be performed for large sample size. The research should include more than in Pakistani city population. Research may also involve children who stutter in future research.

scholarly journals Association between Diabetes and Dental Caries in Spanish Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study Including 23,089 Adults

Oral ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
Louis Jacob ◽  
Jae-Il Shin ◽  
Igor Grabovac ◽  
Josep Maria Haro ◽  
Ai Koyanagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Obesity Hypertension

The aim of the study was to investigate the cross-sectional association between diabetes and dental caries in a representative sample of 23,089 adults residing in Spain. Data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 were analysed. Diabetes (independent variable) and dental caries (dependent variable) were evaluated through a self-reported questionnaire. The association between diabetes and dental caries in the overall sample was assessed using logistic regression models adjusted for sex, age, marital status, education, smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. The prevalence of dental caries was 20.6% in the overall population and was significantly higher in men and in young (≤40 years) and middle-aged adults (41–65 years) than in women and older adults (>65 years), respectively. After adjusting for control variables, there was a positive and significant association between diabetes and dental caries in the overall population (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.15–1.46). The relationship between diabetes and dental caries was particularly strong in women (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.22–1.71) and in adults aged ≤40 years (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.05–3.05). In conclusion, in this large representative sample of Spanish adults, diabetes was associated with having a higher prevalence of dental caries, with females and younger adults at greatest risk. Patients with diabetes and dental practitioners should be aware of these associations and act accordingly. Future research should aim to investigate the mediating factors involved in the observed association between diabetes and dental caries.

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