scholarly journals Quantifying the impacts of urban human-wildlife conflicts – how can we solve the urban gull problem in St Andrews?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grania P. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Urban Wildlife ◽  
Herring Gulls ◽  
Larus Fuscus ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Number Species ◽  
The Town ◽  
Different Sources

AbstractInteractions between urban wildlife and people are increasing globally. Some of these interactions can be negative and lead to human-wildlife conflicts. In St Andrews, Scotland, residents and business owners have come into conflict with herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and lesser black-backed gulls (Larus fuscus) that nest and forage in the town. This study quantified the number, species and distribution of nesting gulls; the vulnerability of different sources of rubbish to attack; and the likelihood of negative human-gull interactions related to food. Surveys were conducted in St Andrews during the 2016 breeding season (May-July). Nesting gull density and distribution were estimated during weekly street surveys of buildings; vantage surveys were conducted for some buildings and a correction factor estimating a minimum number of nesting gulls was produced. 110 nesting gull pairs were estimated and these occupied ~10% of buildings. The vulnerability of waste sources to attack was monitored during transects recording whether or not rubbish sources were attacked. Black bin bags had the highest probability of being attacked, but placing these in secured hessian bags prevented this. The frequency of negative human-gull interactions involving food at street-level was determined during 10-minute timed watches at various locations. Incidences of gulls taking food were rare; only eight were seen in 30 hours of watches. Altering human behaviour (for example, disposing of waste securely) will mitigate potential issues with urban wildlife. Findings from this study will enable effective management of human-gull conflicts in St Andrews and have potential applications in other urban communities.

ANTHROPOGENIC AND ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE СRIMEAN ECOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
N.P. Demchenko ◽  
N.Yu. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Business Owners ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The North ◽  
Chemical Release ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Russian Plant ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Town ◽  
Integrated Indicators ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The situation in the ecology of the Crimean Peninsula in recent years was discussed in the article. The analysis of absolute and integrated indicators of the anthropogenic impact showed that the ecological situation remains difficult, and according to some indicators even continues to deteriorate. In summer 2018, the situation had worsened because of the large chemical release of titanium dioxide on the north of the Crimea from the holding pond of a large Russian plant that is situated near the town of Armyansk. This, in turn, led to the contamination of the large territory on the north of the peninsula. This fact indicates insufficient control by officials of the Republic of Crimea over the implementation of the RF laws for environmental protection by business owners of various forms of ownership, especially private ownership, the level of responsibility for the environment of which is very low.

scholarly journals TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNERS SELF-CALIBRATION STUDY: DATUM CONSTRAINTS ANALYSES FOR NETWORK CONFIGURATIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-2/W4 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Abbas ◽  
H. Setan ◽  
Z. Majid ◽  
A. K. Chong ◽  
L. Chong Luh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Network Configuration ◽  
Calibration Technique ◽  
Self Calibration ◽  
Laser Scanners ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Calibration Study ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Selection Of

Similar to other electronic instruments, terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) can also inherent with various systematic errors coming from different sources. Self-calibration technique is a method available to investigate these errors for TLS which were adopted from photogrammetry technique. According to the photogrammetry principle, the selection of datum constraints can cause different types of parameter correlations. However, the network configuration applied by TLS and photogrammetry calibrations are quite different, thus, this study has investigated the significant of photogrammetry datum constraints principle in TLS self-calibration. To ensure that the assessment is thorough, the datum constraints analyses were carried out using three variant network configurations: 1) minimum number of scan stations; 2) minimum number of surfaces for targets distribution; and 3) minimum number of point targets. Based on graphical and statistical, the analyses of datum constraints selection indicated that the parameter correlations obtained are significantly similar. In addition, the analysis has demonstrated that network configuration is a very crucial factor to reduce the correlation between the calculated parameters.

Inverse infrastructures: self-organization in the water services

Water Policy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ossi Heino ◽  
Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Infrastructure Services ◽  
The Town ◽  
Autonomous Infrastructures

In urban communities, infrastructures that support living are indispensable. There is increased interest in alternative ways of providing such support systems, including semi-autonomous infrastructures resulting from the self-organization of local actors. In this study, we analyze the emergence and management of such infrastructures in light of the theory of complex adaptive systems, within which they are called ‘inverse infrastructures’. Empirical evidence is drawn from the case of water cooperatives in the town of Ikaalinen, Finland. Our analysis shows that, with favorable preconditions in place, inverse infrastructures may contribute significantly to local infrastructure services and so also to the functioning of society.

scholarly journals Urban conflict and royal authority: popular revolts in sixteenth-century Troyes

Urban History ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
PENNY ROBERTS
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Municipal Politics ◽  
Civil Strife ◽  
Royal Authority ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Religious Wars ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Urban Conflict ◽  
The Town

This paper explores the relative balance between socio-economic grievance and confessional and political division in urban revolts during the period of the French religious wars. More particularly, it focuses on two such incidents in the town of Troyes in Champagne in the summer of 1586 and what they can tell us about the influence of popular discontent on municipal politics and town–crown relations, as well as the impact of civil war, subsistence crisis and increasing taxation on urban communities. The continuity of the traditions of popular revolt are explored alongside the implications for royal authority of the official response to such unrest. Social tensions and economic concerns dominated events in the town, whilst the crown's right and ability to enforce its will continued to be accepted and upheld. Thus, despite the disruption of civil strife, the competing interests of the municipal authorities, the urban populace and the monarchy were able to maintain a delicate equilibrium through the traditional mechanism of negotiation and compromise.

scholarly journals Encapsulation of the Antistaphylococcal Endolysin LysRODI in pH-Sensitive Liposomes

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Portilla ◽  
Lucía Fernández ◽  
Diana Gutiérrez ◽  
Ana Rodríguez ◽  
Pilar García
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Opportunistic Human Pathogen ◽  
Different Sources

Phage lysins are promising new therapeutics against multidrug-resistant bacteria. These so-called enzybiotics offer, amongst their most notable advantages, high target specificity and low resistance development. Moreover, there are numerous recent and ongoing studies aimed at demonstrating the efficacy and safety of endolysins in animal models or even in clinical trials. Nonetheless, as is the case for other antimicrobials, it is important to assess potential strategies that may broaden their potential applications or improve their stability. Encapsulation, for instance, has given very good results for some antibiotics. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility of encapsulating an endolysin against the opportunistic human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, one of the most problematic bacteria in the context of the current antibiotic resistance crisis. Endolysin LysRODI has antimicrobial activity against many S. aureus strains from different sources, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. Here, this protein was encapsulated in pH-sensitive liposomes with an efficacy of approximately 47%, retaining its activity after being released from the nanocapsules. Additionally, the encapsulated endolysin effectively reduced S. aureus cell counts by > 2log units in both planktonic cultures and biofilms upon incubation at pH 5. These results demonstrate the viability of LysRODI encapsulation in liposomes for its targeted delivery under mild acidic conditions.

Steps towards understanding medieval urban communities as social practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Ulrich Müller
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Studies ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Practice Theory ◽  
Social Practice Theory ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The Town ◽  
Historical Periods

The contribution by Axel Christophersen aims to present new perspectives for the archaeology of medieval and post-medieval towns. In enlisting ‘social-practice theory’, the author would like to view the town as a dynamic, ever-changing network of social and cultural practices which is registered in the archaeological data. This perspective on the town lies, therefore, somewhere between structure-centred and agent-centred approaches. As such, Axel Christophersen's contribution can be seen as more comprehensive. I assess the piece also as a programmatic contribution to the development of theory in the apparently long-term conflict between ‘processual and postprocessual archaeology’. It should be said in advance that he was successful in this. At the same time, however, his contribution makes it clear that it is not easy to transfer or apply current cultural-studies concepts to historical periods and the materiality of archaeological data.

Potential applications of antioxidant lignins from different sources

2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.P. Vinardell ◽  
V. Ugartondo ◽  
M. Mitjans
Keyword(s):  
Potential Applications ◽  
Different Sources

scholarly journals Personalized Metabolic Profile by Synergic Use of NMR and HRMS

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4167
Author(s):  
Greta Petrella ◽  
Camilla Montesano ◽  
Sara Lentini ◽  
Giorgia Ciufolini ◽  
Domitilla Vanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Missing Values ◽  
Metabolite Identification ◽  
Chronic Cystitis ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Analytical Standards ◽  
Detailed Picture

A new strategy that takes advantage of the synergism between NMR and UHPLC–HRMS yields accurate concentrations of a high number of compounds in biofluids to delineate a personalized metabolic profile (SYNHMET). Metabolite identification and quantification by this method result in a higher accuracy compared to the use of the two techniques separately, even in urine, one of the most challenging biofluids to characterize due to its complexity and variability. We quantified a total of 165 metabolites in the urine of healthy subjects, patients with chronic cystitis, and patients with bladder cancer, with a minimum number of missing values. This result was achieved without the use of analytical standards and calibration curves. A patient’s personalized profile can be mapped out from the final dataset’s concentrations by comparing them with known normal ranges. This detailed picture has potential applications in clinical practice to monitor a patient’s health status and disease progression.

scholarly journals Aqua Power Generating Silencer

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 656-662
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxides ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
World Development

Management of Air contamination is most significant issue from the general public health of view, because each distinctive individual breaths around 22000 times each day. Air contamination causes around 7,000,000 deaths per year around the world. Development and convergence of the population in urban communities, just as the manner by which we consume various sources of energy in urban zones through transport or air conditioning and heating systems, among others, causes the emission of harmful gases at huge quantity that are dangerous to people health. Automobile vehicles are a significant pollution contributor, delivering critical measures of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and other contamination. In 2013, transportation contributed the greater part of the carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxides (NOx), and one-fourth of the hydrocarbons (HC) emitted into atmosphere. These vehicles don't seem to be the only sources of pollution, different sources like power generating stations, Exhaust from industries and factories, refuse burning etc. and also contribute intensely to defilement of our environment. So it is crucial that serious endeavors should be made to protect our environment from degradation. In the present study an Aqua Power Generating Silencer is an attempt, in this direction; it is mainly dealing with control of emission, noise & recovery of waste heat from exhaust gases to generate electricity.

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