Leafminer attack induces plant-mediated facilitation of conspecific pupae in the soil

AbstractPlants and herbivores are engaged in intimate antagonistic interactions, with plants trying to mount effective defense responses and herbivores attempting to manipulate plants for their own benefit. Here we report on a new mechanism by which herbivores can facilitate their own development. We show that tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) leaf attack by the American serpentine leafminer Lyriomiza trifolii accelerates the development of conspecific pupae in the soil adjacent to the plant. This pattern was reversed in the jasmonate-signaling deficient tomato mutant def-1. Chemical analyses revealed that L. trifolii leaf attack changes the production of root volatiles in a def-1 dependent manner. Thus, leaf-feeding herbivores can interact with their soil-dwelling pupae, and jasmonates and root volatiles likely play relevant roles in this phenomenon. This study expands the repertoire of plant-herbivore interactions to herbivory-induced modulation of metamorphosis.

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Herbivore-Mediated Selection on Floral Display Covaries Nonlinearly With Plant-Antagonistic Interaction Intensity Among Primrose Populations

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.727957 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yun Wu ◽

Spencer C. H. Barrett ◽

Xuyu Duan ◽

Jie Zhang ◽

Yongpeng Cha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Variation ◽

Floral Traits ◽

Floral Display ◽

Start Date ◽

Herbivore Interactions ◽

Plant Herbivore Interaction ◽

Mechanistic Basis ◽

Plant Herbivore ◽

Opportunity For Selection ◽

Antagonistic Interactions

Quantifying the relations between plant-antagonistic interactions and natural selection among populations is important for predicting how spatial variation in ecological interactions drive adaptive differentiation. Here, we investigate the relations between the opportunity for selection, herbivore-mediated selection, and the intensity of plant-herbivore interaction among 11 populations of the insect-pollinated plant Primula florindae over 2 years. We experimentally quantified herbivore-mediated directional selection on three floral traits (two display and one phenological) within populations and found evidence for herbivore-mediated selection for a later flowering start date and a greater number of flowers per plant. The opportunity for selection and strength of herbivore-mediated selection on number of flowers varied nonlinearly with the intensity of herbivory among populations. These parameters increased and then decreased with increasing intensity of plant-herbivore interactions, defined as an increase in the ratio of herbivore-damaged flowers per individual. Our results provide novel insights into how plant-antagonistic interactions can shape spatial variation in selection on floral traits and contribute toward understanding the mechanistic basis of geographic variation in angiosperm flowers.

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Symbiotic polydnavirus of a parasite manipulates caterpillar and plant immunity

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.1717934115 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 115 (20) ◽

pp. 5199-5204 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Ching-Wen Tan ◽

Michelle Peiffer ◽

Kelli Hoover ◽

Cristina Rosa ◽

Flor E. Acevedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Defense ◽

Helicoverpa Zea ◽

Plant Defenses ◽

Plant Immunity ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Plant Defense Responses ◽

Egg Hatch ◽

Symbiotic Relationships ◽

Herbivore Interactions ◽

Plant Herbivore

Obligate symbioses occur when organisms require symbiotic relationships to survive. Some parasitic wasps of caterpillars possess obligate mutualistic viruses called “polydnaviruses.” Along with eggs, wasps inject polydnavirus inside their caterpillar hosts where the hatching larvae develop inside the caterpillar. Polydnaviruses suppress the immune systems of their caterpillar hosts, which enables egg hatch and wasp larval development. It is unknown whether polydnaviruses also manipulate the salivary proteins of the caterpillar, which may affect the elicitation of plant defenses during feeding by the caterpillar. Here, we show that a polydnavirus of the parasitoid Microplitis croceipes, and not the parasitoid larva itself, drives the regulation of salivary enzymes of the caterpillar Helicoverpa zea that are known to elicit tomato plant-defense responses to herbivores. The polydnavirus suppresses glucose oxidase, which is a primary plant-defense elicitor in the saliva of the H. zea caterpillar. By suppressing plant defenses, the polydnavirus allows the caterpillar to grow at a faster rate, thus improving the host suitability for the parasitoid. Remarkably, polydnaviruses manipulate the phenotypes of the wasp, caterpillar, and host plant, demonstrating that polydnaviruses play far more prominent roles in shaping plant–herbivore interactions than ever considered.

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Deciphering the Role of Ion Channels in Early Defense Signaling against Herbivorous Insects

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10092219 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 2219

Author(s):

Akanksha Gandhi ◽

Rupesh Kariyat ◽

Amaravadhi Harikishore ◽

Marzieh Ayati ◽

Anirban Bhunia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ion Channels ◽

Plant Defense ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Ros Generation ◽

Defense Signaling ◽

Herbivore Interactions ◽

Signaling Events ◽

Plant Defense Signaling ◽

Plant Herbivore

Plants and insect herbivores are in a relentless battle to outwit each other. Plants have evolved various strategies to detect herbivores and mount an effective defense system against them. These defenses include physical and structural barriers such as spines, trichomes, cuticle, or chemical compounds, including secondary metabolites such as phenolics and terpenes. Plants perceive herbivory by both mechanical and chemical means. Mechanical sensing can occur through the perception of insect biting, piercing, or chewing, while chemical signaling occurs through the perception of various herbivore-derived compounds such as oral secretions (OS) or regurgitant, insect excreta (frass), or oviposition fluids. Interestingly, ion channels or transporters are the first responders for the perception of these mechanical and chemical cues. These transmembrane pore proteins can play an important role in plant defense through the induction of early signaling components such as plasma transmembrane potential (Vm) fluctuation, intracellular calcium (Ca2+), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, followed by defense gene expression, and, ultimately, plant defense responses. In recent years, studies on early plant defense signaling in response to herbivory have been gaining momentum with the application of genetically encoded GFP-based sensors for real-time monitoring of early signaling events and genetic tools to manipulate ion channels involved in plant-herbivore interactions. In this review, we provide an update on recent developments and advances on early signaling events in plant-herbivore interactions, with an emphasis on the role of ion channels in early plant defense signaling.

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Interaction intimacy organizes networks of antagonistic interactions in different ways

Journal of The Royal Society Interface ◽

10.1098/rsif.2012.0649 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (78) ◽

pp. 20120649 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Mathias M. Pires ◽

Paulo R. Guimarães

Keyword(s):

Species Interactions ◽

Assembly Rules ◽

Major Question ◽

Predator Prey ◽

Herbivore Interactions ◽

Plant Herbivore ◽

Host Parasite ◽

Different Levels ◽

Antagonistic Interactions

Interaction intimacy, the degree of biological integration between interacting individuals, shapes the ecology and evolution of species interactions. A major question in ecology is whether interaction intimacy also shapes the way interactions are organized within communities. We combined analyses of network structure and food web models to test the role of interaction intimacy in determining patterns of antagonistic interactions, such as host–parasite, predator–prey and plant–herbivore interactions. Networks describing interactions with low intimacy were more connected, more nested and less modular than high-intimacy networks. Moreover, the performance of the models differed across networks with different levels of intimacy. All models reproduced well low-intimacy networks, whereas the more elaborate models were also capable of reproducing networks depicting interactions with higher levels of intimacy. Our results indicate the key role of interaction intimacy in organizing antagonisms, suggesting that greater interaction intimacy might be associated with greater complexity in the assembly rules shaping ecological networks.

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Root volatiles in plant–plant interactions II: Root volatiles alter root chemistry and plant–herbivore interactions of neighbouring plants

Plant Cell & Environment ◽

10.1111/pce.13534 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 1964-1973 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Wei Huang ◽

Valentin Gfeller ◽

Matthias Erb

Keyword(s):

Plant Interactions ◽

Herbivore Interactions ◽

Root Volatiles ◽

Root Chemistry ◽

Plant Herbivore ◽

Plant Plant

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Low moisture stress influences plant volatile emissions affecting herbivore interactions in tomato, Solanum lycopersicum

Ecological Entomology ◽

10.1111/een.13012 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kamala Jayanthi Pagadala Damodaram ◽

Hanamant Shivalingappa Gadad ◽

Saravan Kumar Parepally ◽

Sridhar Vaddi ◽

Laxman Ramanna Hunashikatti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Moisture Stress ◽

Volatile Emissions ◽

Plant Volatile ◽

Herbivore Interactions ◽

Stress Influences

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Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Profiling of the PDI Gene Family Reveals Their Probable Involvement in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12010023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Antt Htet Wai ◽

Muhammad Waseem ◽

A B M Mahbub Morshed Khan ◽

Ujjal Kumar Nath ◽

Do Jin Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Gene Family ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Expression Profiling ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Protein Disulfide

Protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) and PDI-like proteins catalyze the formation and isomerization of protein disulfide bonds in the endoplasmic reticulum and prevent the buildup of misfolded proteins under abiotic stress conditions. In the present study, we conducted the first comprehensive genome-wide exploration of the PDI gene family in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). We identified 19 tomato PDI genes that were unevenly distributed on 8 of the 12 tomato chromosomes, with segmental duplications detected for 3 paralogous gene pairs. Expression profiling of the PDI genes revealed that most of them were differentially expressed across different organs and developmental stages of the fruit. Furthermore, most of the PDI genes were highly induced by heat, salt, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments, while relatively few of the genes were induced by cold and nutrient and water deficit (NWD) stresses. The predominant expression of SlPDI1-1, SlPDI1-3, SlPDI1-4, SlPDI2-1, SlPDI4-1, and SlPDI5-1 in response to abiotic stress and ABA treatment suggested they play regulatory roles in abiotic stress tolerance in tomato in an ABA-dependent manner. Our results provide new insight into the structure and function of PDI genes and will be helpful for the selection of candidate genes involved in fruit development and abiotic stress tolerance in tomato.

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Neighbourhood effects determine plant-herbivore interactions below-ground

Journal of Ecology ◽

10.1111/1365-2745.12805 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 106 (1) ◽

pp. 347-356 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Wei Huang ◽

Elias Zwimpfer ◽

Maxime R. Hervé ◽

Zoe Bont ◽

Matthias Erb

Keyword(s):

Neighbourhood Effects ◽

Herbivore Interactions ◽

Below Ground ◽

Plant Herbivore

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The defense response of Caenorhabditis elegans to Cutibacterium acnes SK137 via the TIR-1-p38 MAPK signaling pathway

Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1093/bbb/zbab218 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ayano Tsuru ◽

Yumi Hamazaki ◽

Shuta Tomida ◽

Mohammad Shaokat Ali ◽

Eriko Kage-Nakadai

Keyword(s):

Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

P38 Mapk ◽

Defense Response ◽

Mapk Pathway ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Healthy Skin ◽

Cutibacterium Acnes

Abstract Cutibacterium acnes plays roles in both acne disease and healthy skin ecosystem. We observed that mutations in the tir-1/SARM1 and p38 MAPK cascade genes significantly shortened Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan upon Cutibacterium acnes SK137 infection. Antimicrobial molecules were induced by SK137 in a TIR-1-dependent manner. These results suggest that defense responses against SK137 involve the TIR-1-p38 MAPK pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans.

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