scholarly journals Light intensity affects the coloration and structure of chimeric leaves of Ananas comosus var. bracteatus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Yuke Lin ◽  
Yanbin Xue ◽  
Meiqin Mao ◽  
Xuzixing Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Light Damage ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Red Color

AbstractAnanas comosus var. bracteatus is an important tropical ornamental plant because of its green/white chimeric leaves. The accumulation of anthocyanin makes the leaf red especially the white margin. However, the leaves lost red color in summer and winter. Light intensity is one of the most important factors affecting leaf color along the season. In order to understand the effects of light intensity on the growth and coloration of the chimeric leaves, Ananas comosus var. bracteatus was grown under full sunlight, 50% shade and 75% shade for 75 days to evaluate the content of pigments, the color parameters (value L*, a*, b*) and structural histocytology characteristics of chimeric leaves. The results showed that high irradiance was beneficial to keep the chimeric leaves red. However, prolonged exposure to high irradiance caused light damage, some of the leaves wrinkled and even burned. Shading decreased the content of anthocyanin and increased the content of chlorophyll especially in the white margin of the leaves. Numerous chloroplasts were found in the mesophyll cells of the white margin part of chimeric leaves under shading for 75 days. The increase of chlorophyll content resulted in better growth of plants. In order to balance the growth and ornamental value of the leaves, approximately 50% shade is suggested to be the optimum light irradiance condition for Ananas comosus var. bracteatus in summer.

Does Astaxanthin Protect Haematococcus against Light Damage?

1998 ◽  
Vol 53 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Fan ◽  
Avigad Vonshak ◽  
Aliza Zarka ◽  
Sammy Boussiba
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Phosphate Starvation ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
High Irradiance ◽  
High Light ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Light Damage ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Very High

Abstract The photoprotective function of the ketocarotenoid astaxanthin in Haematococcus was questioned. When exposed to high irradiance and/or nutritional stress, green Haematococcus cells turned red due to accumulation of an immense quantity of the red pigment astaxanthin. Our results demonstrate that: 1) The addition of diphenylamine, an inhibitor of astaxanthin biosynthesis, causes cell death under high light intensity; 2) Red cells are susceptible to high light stress to the same extent or even higher then green ones upon exposure to a very high light intensity (4000 μmol photon m-2 s-1); 3) Addition of 1O2 generators (methylene blue, rose bengal) under noninductive conditions (low light of 100 (μmol photon m-2 s-1) induced astaxanthin accumulation. This can be reversed by an exogenous 1O2 quencher (histidine); 4) Histidine can prevent the accumulation of astaxanthin induced by phosphate starvation. We suggest that: 1) Astaxanthin is the result of the photoprotection process rather than the protective agent; 2) 1O2 is involved indirectly in astaxanthin accumulation process.

scholarly journals Effect of chlorophyll biosynthesis-related genes on the leaf color in Hosta (Hosta plantaginea Aschers) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingying Zhang ◽  
Changhai Sui ◽  
Huimin Liu ◽  
Jinjiao Chen ◽  
Zhilin Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Chlorophyll Biosynthesis ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Virus Induced Gene Silencing ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Structure Changes

Abstract Background ‘Regal Splendour’ (Hosta variety) is famous for its multi-color leaves, which are useful resources for exploring chloroplast development and color changes. The expressions of chlorophyll biosynthesis-related genes (HrHEMA, HrPOR and HrCAO) in Hosta have been demonstrated to be associated with leaf color. Herein, we isolated, sequenced, and analyzed HrHEMA, HrPOR and HrCAO genes. Subcellular localization was also performed to determine the location of the corresponding enzymes. After plasmid construction, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was carried out to reduce the expressions of those genes. In addition, HrHEMA-, HrPOR- and HrCAO-overexpressing tobacco plants were made to verify the genes function. Changes of transgenic tobacco were recorded under 2000 lx, 6000 lx and 10,000 lx light intensity. Additionally, the contents of enzyme 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), porphobilinogen (PBG), chlorophyll a and b (Chla and Chlb), carotenoid (Cxc), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (Pro) and catalase (CAT) under different light intensities were evaluated. Results The silencing of HrHEMA, HrPOR and HrCAO genes can induce leaf yellowing and chloroplast structure changes in Hosta. Specifically, leaves of Hosta with HrCAO silencing were the most affected, while those with HrPOR silencing were the least affected. Moreover, all three genes in tobacco were highly expressed, whereas no expression was detected in wild-type (WT). However, the sensitivities of the three genes to different light intensities were different. The highest expression level of HrHEMA and HrPOR was detected under 10,000 lx of illumination, while HrCAO showed the highest expression level under 6000 lx. Lastly, the 5-ALA, Chla, Cxc, SOD, POD, MDA, Pro and CAT contents in different transgenic tobaccos changed significantly under different light intensities. Conclusion The overexpression of these three genes in tobacco enhanced photosynthesis by accumulating chlorophyll content, but the influential level varied under different light intensities. Furthermore, HrHEMA-, HrPOR- and HrCAO- overexpressing in tobacco can enhance the antioxidant capacity of plants to cope with stress under higher light intensity. However, under lower light intensity, the antioxidant capacity was declined in HrHEMA-, HrPOR- and HrCAO- overexpressing tobaccos.

Factors affecting the hydrogen cyanide potential of forage sorghum.

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Wheeler ◽  
C Mulcahy ◽  
JJ Walcott ◽  
GG Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Plant Maturity ◽  
Selection For

The effect of seven factors, namely genotype, plant maturity, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, water stress, light intensity and temperature, on the hydrogen cyanide potential (HCNp) of forage sorghum was studied in three pot experiments. Fivefold differences occurred between genotypes in HCNp, with a breeder's line, X45106, selected for low HCNp having a maximum of 520 mg HCN kg-1 DM (dry matter) compared with 2300 and 2450 mg kg-1 DM for cvs Zulu and Silk respectively. In X45 106, HCNp (mg HCN kg-1 DM) declined curvilinearly with age d (days from sowing) (HCNp=8460- 320d+ 3.1d2) and linearly in Silk (HCNp = 9020 - 110d), but the decline in Zulu was not statistically significant. Nitrogen (equivalent to 200 kg ha-1 of N) increased HCN, (P< 0.001), but more so in full light (100 mg kg-1 compared with 1430 mg kg-1) than in 50% shade (190 mg kg-1 compared with 690 mg kg-1). In one experiment, acute water stress appeared to reduce HCNp, but this was confounded with the strong decline due to aging. In another study, acute water stress had no effect on HCNp. Neither the application of superphosphate nor change in light intensity, nor change in temperature had a direct significant effect on HCNp in these studies. Breeding and selection for low HCNp appears a promising approach to ensuring that sorghum plants will provide non-toxic forage from an early stage of growth.

scholarly journals Applying Improved Apriori Algorithm in Figuring out the Relation between Weather Factors and Rainfall

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Siti Zulaikha ◽  
Martaleli Bettiza ◽  
Nola Ritha
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Apriori Algorithm ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Data Store ◽  
Repeated Pattern ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Sun Light

Data on the rainfall is compelling to study as it becomes one of the major factors affecting the weather in a certain region and various aspects of life as well. Generally, predicting rainfall is performed by analyzing data in the past in certain methods. Rainfall is prone to follow repeated pattern in sequence of time. The utilization of big data mining is expected to result in any valuable information that used to be unrevealed in the big data store. Some methods used in data mining are Apriori Algorithm and Improved Apriori Algorithm. Improved Apriori itself is to represent the database in the form of matrix to describe its relation in the database. Data used in this research is the rainfall factor in 2016 in Tanjungpinang city. Based on the test of Improved Apriori Algorithm, it was found out that the relation of the rainfall and weather factors utilizing 2 item sets, that is, if the temperature is low (24,0 - 26,0), the humidity is high (85 - 100), then the rainfall is mild. If the temperature is low (24,0 - 26,0), the light intensity is low (0 – 3), then the rainfall is heavy, and 3 item sets if the temperature is low (24,0 - 26,0), the humidity is high (85 - 100), the sun light intensity is low (0-3), then the rainfall is medium.

scholarly journals Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome Integrated Analysis of Acer mandshuricum to Reveal Candidate Genes Involved in Anthocyanin Accumulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikai Zhang ◽  
Wang Zhan ◽  
Anran Sun ◽  
Ying Xie ◽  
Zhiming Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Color Formation ◽  
Red Color

Abstract The red color formation of Acer mandshuricum leaves is caused by the accumulation of anthocyanins primarily, but the molecular mechanism researches which underlie anthocyanin biosynthesis in A. mandshuricum were still lacking. Therefore, we combined the transcriptome and metabolome and analyzed the regulatory mechanism and accumulation pattern of anthocyanins in leaf color change periods in three different leaf color states. In our results, 26 anthocyanins were identified. Notably, the metabolite cyanidin 3-O-glucoside was found that significantly correlated with the color formation, was the predominant metabolite in anthocyanin biosynthesis of A. mandshuricum. By the way, two key structural genes ANS (Cluster-20561.86285) and BZ1 (Cluster-20561.99238) in anthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway were significantly up-regulated in RL, suggesting that they might enhance accumulation of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside which is their downstream metabolite, and contributed the red formation of A. mandshuricum leaves. Additionally, most TFs (e.g., MYBs, bZIPs and bHLHs) were detected differentially expressed in three leaf color stages that could participate in anthocyanin accumulation. This study sheds light on the anthocyanin molecular regulation of anthocyanidin bio-synthesis and accumulation underlying the different leaf color change periods in A. mandshuricum, and it could provide basic theory and new insight for the leaf color related genetic improvement of A. mandshuricum.

scholarly journals Caracterización ficológica en manantiales de la cuenca baja del sistema hidrológico del Pánuco, México

2017 ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Carmona-Jiménez ◽  
Gustavo Montejano-Zurita
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Current Velocity ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Relationship

The results of a phycofloristic study on three springs in the Huasteca Potosina region are presented; 67 species are reported. Floristic similarities and differences among the springsare analized, as well as the relationship between species and environmental factors. Microhabitas were defined in the springs as well as the principal algal asociations that characterize them. Light intensity and current velocity are the most important factors affecting the predominant growth forms present in this type of habitat.

Factors Affecting the Herbicidal Activity of TCA on Green Foxtail

Weed Science ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul N. P. Chow
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
High Light ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Setaria Viridis ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Green Foxtail

Growth of green foxtail (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.) was effectively controlled in the greenhouse by applying the sodium salt of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) as a postemergence treatment, when a rate of 0.84 kg/ha was used; when application preceded the two-leaf stage; and when 2.54 mm of water were available daily for moving TCA into the soil. There were significant interactions of TCA rate with light intensity, temperature, and source of seeds on the response of green foxtail. Seedhead production was curtailed at rates of 0.56 kg/ha or above when plants were grown under high light intensities (19,250 to 22,000 lux) and at moderate temperatures (20 to 22 C). Rates of 1.68 kg/ha or more were required to stop heading of foxtail grown at high temperature (27 C).

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