scholarly journals Hippocampal Asymmetry of Regional Development and Structural Covariance in Preterm Neonates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinting Ge ◽  
Yuchuan Qiao ◽  
Shiyu Yuan ◽  
Wenjuan Jiang ◽  
Mengting Liu
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Volumetric Growth ◽  
Structural Covariance ◽  
Equivalent Age ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Hippocampal Development ◽  
High Degree

AbstractPremature birth is associated with high prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairments in surviving infants. The hippocampus is known to be critical for learning and memory, the putative role of hippocampus dysfunction remains poorly understood in preterm neonates. Particularly, hemispherical asymmetry of the hippocampus has been well-noted, either structurally or functionally. How the preterm birth impairs the hippocampal development, and to what extent the hippocampus was impaired by preterm birth asymmetrical has not been well studied. In this study, we compared regional and local hippocampal development in term born neonates (n=361) and prematurely born infants at term-born equivalent age on MRI studies (n = 53) using T2 MRI images collected from the Developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP); We compared 1) volumetric growth; 2) shape development in the hippocampal hemispheres using Laplace–Beltrami eigen-projection and boundary deformation between the two groups; and 3) structural covariance between hippocampal vertices and the cortical thickness in cerebral cortex regions. We demonstrated that premature infants have smaller volume for the right hippocampi, while no difference was observed for the left hippocampi. Lower thickness was observed in the hippocampal head in both hemispheres for preterm neonates compared to full-term peers, while an accelerated hippocampal thickness growth rate was found in left hippocampus only. Structural covariance analysis demonstrated that in premature infants, the structural covariance between hippocampi and limbic lobe were severely impaired compared to healthy term neonates only in left hemisphere. These data suggest that the development of the hippocampus during the third trimester may be altered following early extrauterine exposure, with high degree of asymmetry. These findings suggested that the hippocampus shows high degree of vulnerability, particularly asymmetrical vulnerability or plasticity, in preterm neonates at the term-born equivalent age compared to full-term healthy controls.

scholarly journals Structural and functional asymmetry of the neonatal cerebral cortex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Logan Zane John Williams ◽  
Sean Patrick Fitzgibbon ◽  
Jelena Bozek ◽  
Anderson M Winkler ◽  
Ralica Dimitrova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Left ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Brain Asymmetry ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Equivalent Age ◽  
Human Connectome Project

Features of brain asymmetry have been implicated in a broad range of cognitive processes; however, their origins are still poorly understood. Using a new left-right symmetric, spatiotemporal cortical surface atlas, we investigated cortical asymmetries in 442 healthy newborn infants soon after birth, using structural and functional magnetic resonance images from the Developing Human Connectome Project. We identified previously unrecognised structural and functional asymmetries in auditory, visual and sensorimotor cortices, which closely resemble known asymmetries in adults. These findings show that cortical asymmetries are largely determined prenatally and suggest that they may constrain the development of lateralised functions in later life. In adults, deviations in brain asymmetry have been implicated in a broad range of developmental and psychiatric disorders, some of which have been associated with abnormal perinatal neurodevelopment. To test the hypothesis that normal cortical asymmetry is disrupted in the perinatal period by severe environmental stress, we compared cortical asymmetries between the same group of term neonates and 103 preterm neonates imaged at term-equivalent age. No significant differences were seen between these two cohorts, showing that the development of cortical asymmetries proceeds largely unaffected by preterm birth.

Interleukin-6 and Malondialdehyde in Women with Preterm Birth

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212
Author(s):  
Vinita Verma ◽  
Hina Oza ◽  
Riddhi Thaker ◽  
Sunil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Term Birth ◽  
Weak Negative Correlation

Background: Preterm Birth (PTB) is one of the main causes of neonatal death and infant mortality and morbidity. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a major proinflammatory mediator of the host response to infection and malondialdehyde (MDA) is a marker of oxidative stress. Objective : To evaluate potential associations between IL-6 and MDA levels in women with preterm birth. Method: A total of 150 women (66 with full-term and 84 with PTB) were enrolled in this case-control study. Predesigned performas were filled through questionnaire interviews to collect data on personal, demographic, occupational, lifestyle and reproductive history. Blood samples were collected within 36 hours of delivery. Serum concentrations of IL-6 and MDA were determined in mothers with full-term and preterm birth. Results: The mean age was marginally higher; whereas BMI was slightly lower in cases (PTB) as compared to controls (full-term) subjects. Serum IL-6 and MDA levels were significantly higher in subjects with PTB than full-term birth. The data were further analyzed with respect to underweight, normal and overweight/obese BMI. In all the BMI categories, the levels of IL-6 and MDA were higher in PTB cases. Among the PTB categories, the levels of IL-6 and MDA were highest in moderate to late preterm birth. A significant positive correlation was found between IL-6 and MDA levels. There was a weak negative correlation between either IL-6 or MDA and the number of gestational weeks. Conclusion : Elevated maternal serum levels of Interleukin-6 and Malondialdehyde in preterm as compared to full-term birth might suggest that inflammation and oxidative stress play a critical role in PTB.

scholarly journals Factors associated with preterm birth at Wachemo University Nigist Eleni Mohammed memorial hospital, southern Ethiopia: case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Negeso Gebeyehu Gejo ◽  
Melaku Tesfaye W/mariam ◽  
Biruk Assefa Kebede ◽  
Ritbano Ahmed Abdo ◽  
Abebe Alemu Anshebo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Preterm birth is defined as the birth of a baby before 37 completed weeks of gestation. Worldwide, prematurity is the second foremost cause of death in children under the age of 5 years. Preterm birth also gives rise to short and long term complications. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with preterm birth in Wachemo University Nigist Eleni Mohammed Memorial referral hospital, Hadiya Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from July 01, 2018 to June 30, 2019 among mothers who gave birth in Wachemo University Nigest Eleni Mohammed Memorial referral hospital. A retrospective one-year data was retrieved from medical records of mothers with their index neonates. Simple random sampling technique was employed to recruit study participants. SPSS version 20 software was used for data entry and computing statistical analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association of each independent variable with the dependent variable. Odds ratio with their 95% confidence intervals was computed to identify the presence and strength of association, and statistical significance was affirmed if p < 0.05. Result The current study evaluated 213 medical records of mothers with index neonates (71 cases and 142 controls). Urban residency [AOR = 0.48; 95% Cl; 0.239, 0.962], antenatal care follow up [AOR = 0.08; 95 Cl; 0.008, 0.694], premature rupture of membranes [AOR = 3.78; 95% Cl; 1.467, 9.749], pregnancy induced hypertension [AOR = 3.77; 95% Cl; 1.408, 10.147] and multiple pregnancies [AOR = 5.53; 95% Cl; 2.467, 12.412] were the factors associated with preterm birth. More than one-third (36.6%) preterm neonates died in the present study. Conclusions The present study found that urban residency, antenatal care follow up, premature rupture of membranes, pregnancy induced hypertension and multiple pregnancies were factors associated with preterm birth. The mortality among preterm neonates is high. Enhancing antenatal care follow up and early detection and treatment of disorders among pregnant women during antenatal care and undertaking every effort to improve outcomes of preterm birth and reduce neonatal mortality associated with prematurity is decisive.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Effect of Preterm Birth on Renal Function: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2951
Author(s):  
Ju Sun Heo ◽  
Jiwon M. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Renal Plasma Flow ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preterm Group ◽  
Preterm Born

The preterm-born adult population is ever increasing following improved survival rates of premature births. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate long-term effects of preterm birth on renal function in preterm-born survivors. We searched PubMed and EMBASE to identify studies that compared renal function in preterm-born survivors and full-term-born controls, published until 2 February 2019. A random effects model with standardized mean difference (SMD) was used for meta-analyses. Heterogeneity of the studies was evaluated using Higgin’s I2 statistics. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scale. Of a total of 24,388 articles screened, 27 articles were finally included. Compared to full-term-born controls, glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow were significantly decreased in preterm survivors (SMD −0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.85 to −0.22, p = 0.0008; SMD −0.39, 95% CI, −0.74 to −0.04, p = 0.03, respectively). Length and volume of the kidneys were significantly decreased in the preterm group compared to the full-term controls (SMD −0.73, 95% CI, −1.04 to −0.41, p < 0.001; SMD −0.82, 95% CI, −1.05 to −0.60, p < 0.001, respectively). However, serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and cystatin C showed no significant difference. The urine microalbumin to creatinine ratio was significantly increased in the preterm group. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were also significantly elevated in the preterm group, although the plasma renin level did not differ. This meta-analysis demonstrates that preterm-born survivors may be subject to decreased glomerular filtration, increased albuminuria, decreased kidney size and volume, and hypertension even though their laboratory results may not yet deteriorate.

scholarly journals Prevalence and predictors of urinary tract infection in full-term and preterm neonates

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael Mohamed ◽  
Alkassem Algameel ◽  
Rasha Bassyouni ◽  
Abd el Tawab Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Preterm Neonates

The Auditory Steady-State Response: Full-Term and Premature Neonates

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 260-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Cone-Wesson ◽  
John Parker ◽  
Nina Swiderski ◽  
Field Rickards
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Modulation Frequency ◽  
Otoacoustic Emission ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Steady State Response ◽  
Pass Rates ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
State Response ◽  
Auditory Steady State Response

Two studies were aimed at developing the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) for universal newborn hearing screening. First, neonates who had passed auditory brainstem response, transient evoked otoacoustic emission, and distortion-product otoacoustic emission tests were also tested with ASSRs using modulated tones that varied in frequency and level. Pass rates were highest (> 90%) for amplitude-modulated tones presented at levels ≥ 69 dB SPL. The effect of modulation frequency on ASSR for 500- and 2000-Hz tones was evaluated in full-term and premature infants in the second study. Full-term infants had higher pass rates for 2000-Hz tones amplitude modulated at 74 to 106 Hz compared with pass rates for a 500-Hz tone modulated at 58 to 90 Hz. Premature infants had lower pass rates than full-term infants for both carrier frequencies. Systematic investigation of ASSR threshold and the effect of modulation frequency in neonates is needed to adapt the technique for screening.

scholarly journals Telomeres and replicative cellular aging of the human placenta and chorioamniotic membranes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Po Lai ◽  
Mark Simpson ◽  
Krunal Patel ◽  
Simon Verhulst ◽  
Jungsik Noh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
Replicative Senescence ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Cellular Aging ◽  
Telomere Dysfunction ◽  
Replicative Aging

AbstractRecent hypotheses propose that the human placenta and chorioamniotic membranes (CAMs) experience telomere length (TL)-mediated senescence. These hypotheses are based on mean TL (mTL) measurements, but replicative senescence is triggered by short and dysfunctional telomeres, not mTL. We measured short telomeres by a vanguard method, the Telomere shortest length assay, and telomere-dysfunction-induced DNA damage foci (TIF) in placentas and CAMs between 18-week gestation and at full-term. Both the placenta and CAMs showed a buildup of short telomeres and TIFs, but not shortening of mTL from 18-weeks to full-term. In the placenta, TIFs correlated with short telomeres but not mTL. CAMs of preterm birth pregnancies with intra-amniotic infection showed shorter mTL and increased proportions of short telomeres. We conclude that the placenta and probably the CAMs undergo TL-mediated replicative aging. Further research is warranted whether TL-mediated replicative aging plays a role in all preterm births.

Intraventricular Hemorrhages in Full Term and Premature Infants

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-219
Author(s):  
JANE F. DONAT ◽  
HARUO OKAZAKI ◽  
FREDRIC KLEINBERG ◽  
THOMAS J. REAGAN
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Full Term

Round Table Discussion

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-434
Author(s):  
HEYWORTH N. SANFORD ◽  
J. HAROLD ROOT ◽  
R. H. GRAHAM
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infant ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Term Infant ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Round Table Discussion ◽  
Premature Births ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Full Term Infant

Chairman Sanford: Dr. Herman N. Bundesen, Commissioner of Health of Chicago, organized 12 years ago the "Chicago Premature Plan." This consists in registering all premature infants with the City Health Department within a few hours after birth. The premature infant who is born at home, or in a hospital that does not have adequate premature care, is transported in an oxygenated incubator ambulance to a hospital which specializes in such care. From 1936 to 1947 premature infant deaths in Chicago have been lowered 6½%. The full term infant death rate during the same period has been lowered about 3%. Inasmuch as the premature death rate has been lowered about double that of the full term infant rate, we believe this procedure has been the cause of reduction. In 1936 there were 47,000 live births in Chicago. In 1947 there were 82,000, or an increase of 80%. In this number the full term infants increased from 45% to 60%, whereas the premature infants increased from 2000 to over 5000, or about 140% increase of premature infants born in Chicago during the last 10 years. This adds a considerable increase to the number of infants for our available premature infants beds. Where formerly we planned 5 premature births to each 100 full term births, we now find that prematures have increased to 8 per 100 full term infants. Causes of prematurity are multiple births, toxemia, heart disease, syphilis, tuberculosis, infections, accidents, premature separation of the placenta and abnormalities of the reproduction tract. It is generally understood that there is a tendency for more premature births among the Negro race than the white race.

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