First Glimpse of Gut Microbiota of Quarantine Insects in China

AbstractQuarantine insects are economically important pests that frequently invade new habitats. A rapid and accurate monitoring method to trace the geographical source of invaders is therefore needed for prevention, detection, and eradication. Current methods based on insect genetics are often too slow. We developed a novel tracing method based on insect gut microbiota. The source location of microbiota of insects can be used to rapidly determine the insects’ geographic origin. We analyzed 179 gut microbiota samples belonging to 591 individuals of 22 quarantine insect species collected from 36 regions in China and abroad. The gut microbiotas of these insects mainly included Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Tenericutes. The diversity of the insect gut microbiota was closely related to geographic and environmental factors. Different insect species could be distinguished at the phylum level of microbiota. Populations of individual insect species from different regions could be distinguished at the genus level of microbiota. A method for determining the geographical origin of invasive insect species was tentatively established, but its practical applicability requires further study.

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Relationship between Nutrient Intake and Human Gut Microbiota in Monozygotic Twins

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57030275 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (3) ◽

pp. 275

Author(s):

Natsuko Matsumoto ◽

Jonguk Park ◽

Rie Tomizawa ◽

Hitoshi Kawashima ◽

Koji Hosomi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Individual Differences ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Human Health ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Monozygotic Twins ◽

Human Gut ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Human Gut Microbiota

Background and Objectives: The gut microbiota is associated with human health and dietary nutrition. Various studies have been reported in this regard, but it is difficult to clearly analyze human gut microbiota as individual differences are significant. The causes of these individual differences in intestinal microflora are genetic and/or environmental. In this study, we focused on differences between identical twins in Japan to clarify the effects of nutrients consumed on the entire gut microbiome, while excluding genetic differences. Materials and Methods: We selected healthy Japanese monozygotic twins for the study and confirmed their zygosity by matching 15 short tandem repeat loci. Their fecal samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses to identify and compare the fluctuations in intestinal bacteria. Results: We identified 12 genera sensitive to environmental factors, and found that Lactobacillus was relatively unaffected by environmental factors. Moreover, we identified protein, fat, and some nutrient intake that can affect 12 genera, which have been identified to be more sensitive to environmental factors. Among the 12 genera, Bacteroides had a positive correlation with retinol equivalent intake (rs = 0.38), Lachnospira had a significantly negative correlation with protein, sodium, iron, vitamin D, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 intake (rs = −0.38, −0.41, −0.39, −0.63, −0.42, −0.49, respectively), Lachnospiraceae ND3007 group had a positive correlation with fat intake (rs = 0.39), and Lachnospiraceae UCG-008 group had a negative correlation with the saturated fatty acid intake (rs = −0.45). Conclusions: Our study is the first to focus on the relationship between human gut microbiota and nutrient intake using samples from Japanese twins to exclude the effects of genetic factors. These findings will broaden our understanding of the more intuitive relationship between nutrient intake and the gut microbiota and can be a useful basis for finding useful biomarkers that contribute to human health.

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The Segment Matters: Probable Reassortment of Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV) Complicates Phylogenetic Analysis and Inference of Geographical Origin of New Isolate from Bangladesh

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v12030258 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 258 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Dominique L. Chaput ◽

David Bass ◽

Md. Mehedi Alam ◽

Neaz Al Hasan ◽

Grant D. Stentiford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Geographical Origin ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

South American ◽

Reassortment Event ◽

Coding Regions ◽

Whole Genomes ◽

History Of ◽

Negative Sense

Tilapia lake virus (TiLV), a negative sense RNA virus with a 10 segment genome, is an emerging threat to tilapia aquaculture worldwide, with outbreaks causing over 90% mortality reported on several continents since 2014. Following a severe tilapia mortality event in July 2017, we confirmed the presence of TiLV in Bangladesh and obtained the near-complete genome of this isolate, BD-2017. Phylogenetic analysis of the concatenated 10 segment coding regions placed BD-2017 in a clade with the two isolates from Thailand, separate from the Israeli and South American isolates. However, phylogenetic analysis of individual segments gave conflicting results, sometimes clustering BD-2017 with one of the Israeli isolates, and splitting pairs of isolates from the same region. By comparing patterns of topological difference among segments of quartets of isolates, we showed that TiLV likely has a history of reassortment. Segments 5 and 6, in particular, appear to have undergone a relatively recent reassortment event involving Ecuador isolate EC-2012 and Israel isolate Til-4-2011. The phylogeny of TiLV isolates therefore depends on the segment sequenced. Our findings illustrate the need to exercise caution when using phylogenetic analysis to infer geographic origin and track the movement of TiLV, and we recommend using whole genomes wherever possible.

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Gut microbiota in a host–brood parasite system: insights from common cuckoos raised by two warbler species

FEMS Microbiology Ecology ◽

10.1093/femsec/fiaa143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 96 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lucie Schmiedová ◽

Jakub Kreisinger ◽

Milica Požgayová ◽

Marcel Honza ◽

Jean-François Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Acrocephalus Arundinaceus ◽

Brood Parasite ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

The Common ◽

Animal Hosts ◽

Bacterial Sources ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACT An animal's gut microbiota (GM) is shaped by a range of environmental factors affecting the bacterial sources invading the host. At the same time, animal hosts are equipped with intrinsic mechanisms enabling regulation of GM. However, there is limited knowledge on the relative importance of these forces. To assess the significance of host-intrinsic vs environmental factors, we studied GM in nestlings of an obligate brood parasite, the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), raised by two foster species, great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) and Eurasian reed warblers (A. scirpaceus), and compared these with GM of the fosterers’ own nestlings. We show that fecal GM varied between cuckoo and warbler nestlings when accounting for the effect of foster/parent species, highlighting the importance of host-intrinsic regulatory mechanisms. In addition to feces, cuckoos also expel a deterrent secretion, which provides protection against olfactory predators. We observed an increased abundance of bacterial genera capable of producing repulsive volatile molecules in the deterrent secretion. Consequently, our results support the hypothesis that microbiota play a role in this antipredator mechanism. Interestingly, fosterer/parent identity affected only cuckoo deterrent secretion and warbler feces microbiota, but not that of cuckoo feces, suggesting a strong selection of bacterial strains in the GM by cuckoo nestlings.

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Site-Specific Lipidomic Signatures of Sea Lettuce (Ulva spp., Chlorophyta) Hold the Potential to Trace Their Geographic Origin

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom10030489 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 489 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elisabete da Costa ◽

Fernando Ricardo ◽

Tânia Melo ◽

Renato Mamede ◽

Maria H. Abreu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geographical Origin ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

Ulva Rigida ◽

Site Specific ◽

Betaine Lipids ◽

Lipid Species ◽

Post Harvesting ◽

The Impact ◽

Phospholipid Species ◽

Different Levels

The wild harvest and aquaculture of Ulva spp. has deserved growing attention in Europe. However, the impact of geographical origin on the biochemical composition of different species and/or strains is yet to be described in detail. Hence, the present study aimed to detect the variability of the lipidome of different species and/or strains of Ulva originating from different geographic locations. We hypothesized that lipidomic signatures can be used to trace the geographic origin post-harvesting of these valuable green seaweeds. Ulva spp. was sampled from eight distinct ecosystems along the Atlantic Iberian coast and Ulva rigida was sourced from an aquaculture farm operating a land-based integrated production site. Results showed significant differences in the lipidomic profile displayed by Ulva spp. originating from different locations, namely, due to different levels of polyunsaturated betaine lipids and galactolipids; saturated betaine lipids and sulfolipids; and some phospholipid species. Overall, a set of 25 site-specific molecular lipid species provide a unique lipidomic signature for authentication and geographic origin certification of Ulva species. Present findings highlight the potential of lipidome plasticity as a proxy to fight fraudulent practices, but also to ensure quality control and prospect biomass for target bioactive compounds.

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Guidelines for Transparency on Gut Microbiome Studies in Essential and Experimental Hypertension

Hypertension ◽

10.1161/hypertensionaha.119.13079 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 74 (6) ◽

pp. 1279-1293 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Francine Z. Marques ◽

Hamdi A. Jama ◽

Kirill Tsyganov ◽

Paul A. Gill ◽

Dakota Rhys-Jones ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Environmental History ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Blood Pressure Measurement ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Human Studies ◽

Experimental Hypertension

Hypertension is a complex and modifiable condition in which environmental factors contribute to both onset and progression. Recent evidence has accumulated for roles of diet and the gut microbiome as environmental factors in blood pressure regulation. However, this is complex because gut microbiomes are a unique feature of each individual reflecting that individual’s developmental and environmental history creating caveats for both experimental models and human studies. Here, we describe guidelines for conducting gut microbiome studies in experimental and clinical hypertension. We provide a complete guide for authors on proper design, analyses, and reporting of gut microbiota/microbiome and metabolite studies and checklists that can be used by reviewers and editors to support robust reporting and interpretation. We discuss factors that modulate the gut microbiota in animal (eg, cohort, controls, diet, developmental age, housing, sex, and models used) and human studies (eg, blood pressure measurement and medication, body mass index, demographic characteristics including age, cultural identification, living structure, sex and socioeconomic environment, and exclusion criteria). We also provide best practice advice on sampling, storage of fecal/cecal samples, DNA extraction, sequencing methods (including metagenomics and 16S rRNA), and computational analyses. Finally, we discuss the measurement of short-chain fatty acids, metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, and interpretation of data. These guidelines should support better transparency, reproducibility, and translation of findings in the field of gut microbiota/microbiome in hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

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Bacteria from the Midgut of Common Cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha L.) Larvae Exhibiting Antagonistic Activity Against Bacterial Symbionts of Entomopathogenic Nematodes: Isolation and Molecular Identification

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21020580 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 580 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marcin Skowronek ◽

Ewa Sajnaga ◽

Małgorzata Pleszczyńska ◽

Waldemar Kazimierczak ◽

Magdalena Lis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽

Insect Pests ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽

Acinetobacter Calcoaceticus ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Reca Gene ◽

Melolontha Melolontha ◽

Insect Gut

The mechanisms of action of the complex including entomopathogenic nematodes of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis and their mutualistic partners, i.e., bacteria Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, have been well explained, and the nematodes have been commercialized as biological control agents against many soil insect pests. However, little is known regarding the nature of the relationships between these bacteria and the gut microbiota of infected insects. In the present study, 900 bacterial isolates that were obtained from the midgut samples of Melolontha melolontha larvae were screened for their antagonistic activity against the selected species of the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus. Twelve strains exhibited significant antibacterial activity in the applied tests. They were identified based on 16S rRNA and rpoB, rpoD, or recA gene sequences as Pseudomonas chlororaphis, Citrobacter murliniae, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Chryseobacterium lathyri, Chryseobacterium sp., Serratia liquefaciens, and Serratia sp. The culture filtrate of the isolate P. chlororaphis MMC3 L3 04 exerted the strongest inhibitory effect on the tested bacteria. The results of the preliminary study that are presented here, which focused on interactions between the insect gut microbiota and mutualistic bacteria of entomopathogenic nematodes, show that bacteria inhabiting the gut of insects might play a key role in insect resistance to entomopathogenic nematode pressure.

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Environmental Factors Associated with Altered Gut Microbiota in Children with Eczema: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms17071147 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (7) ◽

pp. 1147 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Carmen Chan ◽

Rosa Wong ◽

Patrick Law ◽

Cho Wong ◽

Stephen Tsui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Factors Associated

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Assigning birds to geographic origin using feather hydrogen isotope ratios (δ2H): importance of year, age, and habitat

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z2012-039 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 90 (6) ◽

pp. 722-728 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

S. Haché ◽

K.A. Hobson ◽

M.-A. Villard ◽

E.M. Bayne

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Isotope ◽

Geographical Origin ◽

Geographic Origin ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Growing Season ◽

Global Network ◽

Annual Variations ◽

Sources Of Variation ◽

Seiurus Aurocapilla ◽

Hydrogen Isotope Ratios

In North America, gradients in the ratio of stable hydrogen isotopes in amount-weighted, growing-season mean precipitation (2H:1H; depicted as δ2Hp) form a largely latitude-sensitive isoscape that can be used to estimate the geographical origin of animals. Feathers are metabolically inert following growth and δ2Hf values retain information on geographical origins. However, there are important assumptions underlying this approach that can only be tested using birds of known origin. Here, we investigated sources of variation in δ2Hf measurements from Ovenbirds ( Seiurus aurocapilla (L., 1766)) associated with year, age class, feather type, season, and habitat type in New Brunswick, Canada. The observed δ2Hf generally followed that predicted from the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation database. However, we found a strong year × age interaction on δ2Hf. Season, habitat type, and feather type explained only a small portion of the overall variation in δ2Hf. These results show the advantages of using annual δ2Hp isoscapes and age-specific corrections when converting δ2Hp to δ2Hf. We submit that the interaction effect can be modeled by accounting for interannual variation in the amount of precipitation during the breeding season. These procedures will allow for more precise estimates of the geographical origin of individual birds, especially for studies conducted near oceanic coasts, which are subject to significant annual variations in growing season δ2Hp.

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Functional genomics of a symbiotic community: shared traits in the olive fruit fly gut microbiota

10.1101/590489 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Frances Blow ◽

Anastasia Gioti ◽

Ian B. Goodhead ◽

Maria Kalyva ◽

Anastasia Kampouraki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Indirect Evidence ◽

Fruit Fly ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Olive Fruit Fly ◽

Olive Fruit ◽

Dietary Nitrogen ◽

Obligate Symbiont ◽

Insect Gut ◽

Insect Fitness

AbstractThe olive fruit flyBactroceraoleae is a major pest of olives worldwide and houses a specialized gut microbiota dominated by the obligate symbiont “CandidatusErwinia dacicola”.Ca. E. dacicola is thought to supplement dietary nitrogen to the host, with only indirect evidence for this hypothesis so far. Here, we sought to investigate the contribution of the symbiosis to insect fitness and explore the ecology of the insect gut. For this purpose, we examined the composition of bacterial communities associated with Cretan olive fruit fly populations, and inspected several genome and transcriptome assemblies. We identified, and reconstructed the genome of, a novel component of the gut microbiota,Tatumellasp. TA1, which is stably associated with Mediterranean olive fruit fly populations. We also reconstructed a number of pathways related to nitrogen assimilation and interaction with the host. The results show that, despite variation in taxa composition of the gut microbial community, core functions related to the symbiosis are maintained. Functional redundancy between different microbial taxa was observed for genes allowing urea hydrolysis. The latter is encoded in the obligate symbiont genome by a conserved urease operon, likely acquired by horizontal gene transfer, based on phylogenetic evidence. A potential underlying mechanism is the action of mobile elements, especially abundant in theCa. E. dacicola genome. This finding, along with the identification, in the studied genomes, of extracellular surface structure components that may mediate interactions within the gut community, suggest that ongoing and past genetic exchanges between microbes may have shaped the symbiosis.

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Although host-related factors are important for the formation of gut microbiota, environmental factors cannot be ignored

10.1101/2020.02.03.933317 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

YeonGyun Jung ◽

Dorsaf Kerfahi ◽

Huy Quang Pham ◽

HyunWoo Son ◽

Jerald Conrad Ibal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Intestinal Microflora ◽

16S Rrna Genes ◽

Rrna Genes ◽

Related Factors ◽

Present Evidence ◽

The Difference

The gut microbiome is essential to human health. However, little is known about the influence of the environment versus host-related factors (e.g. genetic background, sex, age, and body mass) in the formation of human intestinal microflora. Here, we present evidence in support of the importance of host-related factors in the establishment and maintenance of individual gut assemblages. We collected fecal samples (n = 249) from 44 Korean naval trainees and 39 healthy people living in Korea over eight weeks and sequenced the bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The following hypotheses were tested: 1) microbiome function is linked to its diversity, community structure, and genetic host-related factors, and 2) preexisting host-related factors have a more significant effect on gut microbiome formation and composition than environmental factors. For each individual, the difference between the initial gut microbiota and that after eight weeks was negligible even though the 44 naval trainees lived in the same area and received the same diet, the same amount of exercise, and the same amount of physical stress during the study. This suggests that host-related factors, rather than environmental factors, is a key determinant of individual gut microflora. Moreover, eight weeks of physical training and experiencing the same environmental conditions resulted in an increase in the species Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Roseburia in most trainees, suggesting a healthier intestinal environment.

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