scholarly journals Technological advances in elite marathon performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon W. Senefeld ◽  
Michael H. Haischer ◽  
Andrew M. Jones ◽  
Chad C. Wiggins ◽  
Rachel Beilfuss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Full Cohort ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
World Class ◽  
Marathon Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancing

ABSTRACTThere is scientific and legal controversy about recent technological advances in performance running shoes that reduce the energetic cost of running and may provide a distinct competitive advantage. To better understand the potential performance-enhancing effects of Nike’s pioneering marathon racing shoes, we examined the finishing times and racing shoes of the top 50 male and 50 female runners from the World Marathon Major series in the 2010s — before and after the introduction of new Nike shoe models (4%, NEXT%, Alphafly, and other prototypes; herein referred to as neoteric Nikes). Data for racing shoes were available for 3,886 of the 3,900 performances recorded at the four annual marathons in Boston, London, Chicago, and New York. In full cohort analyses, marathon finishing times were 2.0% or 2.8 min (138.5 ± 8.1 min vs. 141.3 ± 7.4 min, P<0.001) faster for male runners wearing neoteric Nikes compared to other shoes. For females, marathon finishing times were 2.6% or 4.3 min (159.1 ± 10.0 min vs. 163.4 ± 10.7 min, P<0.001) faster for runners wearing neoteric Nikes. In a subset of within-runner changes in marathon performances (males, n = 138; females, n = 101), marathon finishing times improved by 0.8% or 1.2 min for males wearing neoteric Nikes relative to the most recent marathon in which other shoes were worn, and this performance-enhancing effect was greater among females who demonstrated 1.6% or 3.7 min improvement (P=0.002). Our results demonstrate that marathon performances for world-class athletes are substantially faster wearing neoteric Nikes than other market-leading shoes, particularly among females.

scholarly journals Technological advances in elite marathon performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathon W. Senefeld ◽  
Michael H Haischer ◽  
Andrew M. Jones ◽  
Chad C. Wiggins ◽  
Rachel Beilfuss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Full Cohort ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Running Shoes ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
World Class ◽  
Marathon Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancing

There is scientific and legal controversy about recent technological advances in performance running shoes that reduce the energetic cost of running and may provide a distinct competitive advantage. To better understand the potential performance-enhancing effects of technological advancements in marathon racing shoes, we examined the finishing times and racing shoes of the top 50 male and 50 female runners from the World Marathon Major series in the 2010s - before and after the introduction of new Nike shoe models (4%, NEXT%, Alphafly, and other prototypes; herein referred to as neoteric Nikes). Data for racing shoes were available for 3,886 of the 3,900 performances recorded at the four annual marathons in Boston, London, Chicago, and New York. In full cohort analyses, marathon finishing times were 2.0% or 2.8 min (138.5±8.1 min vs. 141.3±7.4 min, P<0.001) faster for male runners wearing neoteric Nikes compared to other shoes. For females, marathon finishing times were 2.6% or 4.3 min (159.1±10.0 min vs. 163.4±10.7 min, P<0.001) faster for runners wearing neoteric Nikes. In a subset of within-runner changes in marathon performances (males, n = 138; females, n = 101), marathon finishing times improved by 0.8% or 1.2 min for males wearing neoteric Nikes relative to the most recent marathon in which other shoes were worn, and this performance-enhancing effect was greater among females who demonstrated 1.6% or 3.7 min improvement (P=0.002). Our results demonstrate that marathon performances are substantially when world-class athletes, and particularly females, wear marathon racing shoes with technological advancements.

scholarly journals Building a high-technology product out of India: The Intelli-Fi way

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varadharajan Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Wifi Networks ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
Technology Products ◽  
Start Up ◽  
The World ◽  
World Class ◽  
Technology Product

There has been a constant debate over the last decade as to whether the Indian information technology sector should continue to be driven by services revenue or should the firms actively pursue in building high-technology products. Dr Prashant Joshi, former lead researcher at AT&T Research and IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Centre, New York, while returning to India in 2002, conceptualized that someday, the world would witness massive deployment of WiFi networks and that these networks require active 24 × 7 management. He incubated his start-up in Bangalore, India, with a vision to build a WiFi secure management product suite for global markets. The case outlines the evolution of Intelli-Fi networks from a humble beginning to a strong network management firm with installed base all around the world. The case highlights the technical and managerial challenges of the firm and its entrepreneur founder in building a world class product.

scholarly journals Information Policy and Intellectual Freedom In American Libraries Before and After September 11, 2001: A Global Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Custer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Terrorist Attack ◽  
The United States ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Information Policy ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Intellectual Freedom ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After

This paper examines information policy in libraries before and after the tragic destruction of the Twin Towers in New York, New York, on September 11, 2001. It carefully considers libraries’ role in the history of intellectual freedom in the United States and on an international scale. It investigates the rocky road that citizens from almost all countries have traveled in attempting to gain open access to information throughout modern history. It appraises some of the advances certain areas of the world have made in regard to intellectual freedom. The paper also investigates some areas of the world that are still confronting various degrees of censorship today. The paper then discusses the effect September 11, 2001 had on intellectual freedom and libraries. It scrutinizes the USA Patriot Act that was quickly passed in the United States in response to the terrorist attack. In addition, the paper explores other legislation from around the world that was enacted in direct reply to September 11, 2001.

scholarly journals Digital social innovation in support of spatial planning. An investigation through nine initiatives in three smart city programmes

Spatium ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Margarita Angelidou ◽  
Artemis Psaltoglou
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Place Making ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Distinctive Role

This paper examines how technologically-enabled social innovation can support spatial planning. Social innovation is a long-standing practice; however, in recent years its popularity, importance and applications have increased due to both the financial and social challenges that cities face, and due to important technological advances. Digital Social Innovation (DSI), more specifically, is increasingly penetrating smart city programmes and strategies throughout the world. Through research into nine DSI initiatives in the context of three smart city programmes (Amsterdam, Barcelona, New York), we point out the functions and benefits of incorporating DSI in spatial planning and trace its different levels and characteristics. The conclusions suggest that: online and offline means are equally important in DSI for spatial planning; the mix and degree of involvement of different sectors varies significantly across DSI initiatives; spatial planning and place making experts and professionals have a distinctive role within these initiatives; and particular attention should be paid to scaling and uptake issues.

[review of:] Dace Prauliņš. 2012. Latvian. An Essential Grammar

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 240-243
Author(s):  
Nicole Nau
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
The World ◽  
Scholarly Contribution

Dace Prauliņš, Latvian. An Essential Grammar. London & New York: Routledge, 2012. ɪsʙɴ 978-0-415-57692-5. Descriptive grammars of Modern Latvian written in English are still something of a rarity, and any such book will be warmly welcomed bylinguists as well as by the growing number of people learning Latvian all over the world. It is for the latter group that Dace Prauliņš wrote this book, and it would be unfair to review it as a scholarly contribution to the analysis of Latvian grammar.

Perbedaan Pengetahuan Siswa Tentang Penyakit Hepatitis A Sebelum Dan Sesudah Penyuluhan Di MTsN 02 Bondowoso Tahun 2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Putri Megasari
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis Virus ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Test Design ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Paired T Test

Hepatitis has become a health problem in the world. The hepatitis virus infected many people. According to the teacher of MTsN 02 Bondowoso more than 20 students have hepatitis A viral infection. The purpose of this research was to know the differences of students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study used pre-experimental (pre-post test design). This study used stratified random sampling technique, 127 students from 270 sample involved this research,and 143 students was excluded. We used questionnaires to collect data. The results showed that the mean value of the students 'knowledge about hepatitis A before counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 83.96 with the lowest value of 37.5 and the highest value was 100. The mean value of the students' knowledge about hepatitis A after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 93.21 with the lowest value waf 62.5 and the highest value was 100. Paired t test showed that t (-9.07) > t table (1.98), the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. There was a difference between students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study showed that routine counseling by healthcare provider was important to prevent hepatitis A infection.; Keywords: counseling, knowledge of students, hepatitis

1989 göçü sonrası Bulgaristan göçmenlerinin yemek kültüründeki değişim

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-245
Author(s):  
Cahit Kahraman ◽  
İlhan Güneş ◽  
Nanae Kahraman
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Rapid Progress ◽  
Canned Food ◽  
Product Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Made In

1989 göçü öncesi, dünyada eşzamanlı olarak gittikçe gelişen ve zenginleşen mutfak kültürü, Bulgaristan Türklerini de etkilemiştir. Pazardaki çeşitlilik arttıkça, yemek alışkanlıkları da değişime uğramıştır. Büyük göçten sadece 30-40 sene evvel kısıtlı imkânlar ile sınırlı sayıda yemek çeşidi üretilirken, alım gücünün artmasıyla yemek kültüründe de hızlı gelişmeler olmuştur. Artan ürün çeşitliliği yemeklere de yansımış, farklı lezzetler mutfaklara girmiştir. Göçmen yemekleri denilince hamur işleri, börek ve pideler akla gelir. Ayrıca, göçmenlerin çok zengin turşu, komposto ve konserve kültürüne sahip oldukları da bilinir. Bu çalışma, 1989 öncesi Bulgaristan’ın farklı bölgelerinde yaşayan Türklerin yemek alışkanlıklarına ışık tutmakla birlikte, göç sonrasında göçmen mutfak kültüründe bir değişiklik oluşup oluşmadığını konu almaktadır. Bu amaçla, 1989 yılında Türkiye’ye göç etmiş 50 kişiye 8 sorudan oluşan anket düzenlenmiştir. Bu verilerden yola çıkarak oluşan bulgular derlenmiş ve yeni tespitler yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, Türkiye’nin farklı bölgelerine yerleşen göçmenler, kendi göçmen pazarlarını kurmuşlardır. Bulgaristan’dan getirilen ürünlerin bu pazarlarda satılması böyle bir arz talebin hala devam ettiğine işaret etmektedir.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHThe Diversity in Cuisine Culture of the Immigrants from Bulgaria After 1989 MigrationThe Cuisine culture that has been developing and getting rich day by day contemporaneously in the world before 1989 migration has also had an impact on Bulgarian Turks. By the increase in diversity in the market, eating habits have changed. While producing a limited number of food types with limited opportunities just some 30 or 40 years before the ‘Big Migration’, there has been a rapid progress in food culture by the help of the increase in purchase power. Enhancing product range has been reflected in food, and different tastes have entered the cuisines. When we say immigrant, the first things that come to our mind are pastry, flan and pitta bread. Moreover, it is also known that immigrants have a very rich cuisine culture of pickle, stewed fruit, and canned food. This study aims both to disclose the eating habits of Turks living in different regions of Bulgaria before 1989 and to determine whether there has been a difference in immigrant cuisine culture before and after the migration. For this purpose, a questionnaire consisting of 8 questions has been administered to 50 people who migrated to Turkey in 1989. The results gathered from these data have been compiled and new determinations have been made. In addition, immigrants that settled in different regions of Turkey have set their own immigrant markets. The fact that the products brought from Bulgaria are being sold in these markets shows that this kind of supply and demand still continues.

Book Reviews

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-106
Author(s):  
Janet Klein ◽  
David Romano ◽  
Michael M. Gunter ◽  
Joost Jongerden ◽  
Atakan İnce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Eastern Anatolia ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
National Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Turkey ◽  
Oxford University Press

Uğur Ümit Üngör, The Making of Modern Turkey: Nation and State in Eastern Anatolia, 1913-1950, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011, 352 pp. (ISBN: 9780199603602).Mohammed M. A. Ahmed, Iraqi Kurds and Nation-Building. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012, 294 pp., (ISBN: 978-1-137-03407-6), (paper). Ofra Bengio, The Kurds of Iraq: Building a State within a State. Boulder, CO and London, UK: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2012, xiv + 346 pp., (ISBN 978-1-58826-836-5), (hardcover). Cengiz Gunes, The Kurdish National Movement in Turkey, from Protest to Resistance, London: Routledge, 2012, 256 pp., (ISBN: 978-0-415—68047-9). Aygen, Gülşat, Kurmanjî Kurdish. Languages of the World/Materials 468, München: Lincom Europa, 2007, 92 pp., (ISBN: 9783895860706), (paper).Barzoo Eliassi, Contesting Kurdish Identities in Sweden: Quest for Belonging among Middle Eastern Youth, Oxford: New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013, 234 pp. (ISBN: 9781137282071).

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