scholarly journals Biological attributes of age and gender variations in Indian COVID-19 cases: A retrospective data analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savitesh Kushwaha ◽  
Poonam Khanna ◽  
Vineeth Rajagopal ◽  
Tanvi Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Retrospective Data Analysis ◽  
Biological Attributes ◽  
Longitudinal Regression ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractBackgroundThe associated risk factors, co-morbid conditions and biological variations varying with gender and age might be the cause of higher COVID-19 infection and deaths among males and older persons. The objective of this study was to predict and specify the biological attributes of variation in age and gender-based on COVID-19 status (deceased/recovered).MethodsIn this retrospective study, the data was extracted from a recognised web-based portal. A total of 112,860 patients’ record was filtered out and an additional 9,131 records were separately analyzed to examine age and gender relationship with patient’s COVID-19 status (recovered/deceased). Chi-square, t-test, binary logistic regression, and longitudinal regression analysis were conducted.ResultsThe male COVID-19 cases (65.39%) were more than females (34.61%) and mean age of infected and recovered patients was 39.47±17.59 years and 36.85±18.51 years respectively. The odds for infection was significantly higher among females for lower age categories, which declines with age. The age-adjusted odds for recovery were significantly higher among females (O.R.=1.779) and odds for recovery was highest in 5-17 years age category (O.R.=88.286) independent of gender.ConclusionThe chances of being COVID-19 infected was higher for females of lower age categories (<35 years) which decreases with age. The odds for recovery among females was significantly higher than males. The chances of recovery declines with increasing age and the variation could be attributed to the biological differences between age categories and gender.

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

Age and gender-based human face reconstruction from single frontal image

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 3217-3242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Ferková ◽  
Petra Urbanová ◽  
Dominik Černý ◽  
Marek Žuži ◽  
Petr Matula
Keyword(s):  
Human Face ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Face Reconstruction ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Escherichia coli as uropathogen: antibiotic susceptibility profiling

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 433
Author(s):  
Anuja Jha ◽  
Manju Agrawal ◽  
Arvind Neral ◽  
Rajesh Hishikar ◽  
Basant Maheshwari
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Uncomplicated Cystitis

Background: Empirically chosen antibiotics based on the local resistance pattern of uropathogens remain the principle treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI).Methods: Antibiogram of most frequent uropathogen was determined. Based on the antibiogram result, authors compared effectiveness of drugs recommended for UTI by National centre for disease control (NCDC), India, and assessed age and gender based variability in the effectiveness of these drugs.Results: 1278 urine samples were accounted, of which 405 samples showed significant growth. E. coli was the most common uropathogen (n=146, 36%) followed by enterococcus species (31%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%). Using McNemar’s test authors found that nitrofurantoin (90% sensitivity) was statistically the most effective drug among drugs recommended by NCDC for uncomplicated cystitis. Furthermore, authors used Fisher’s exact test on adults and paediatrics and found that significant difference in effectiveness was observed for nitrofurantoin (p-value <0.001) and cotrimoxazole (p-value 0.034). Using logistic regression, authors found that with age, effectiveness of ciprofloxacin and cotrimoxazole deteriorate significantly (p-value 0.021 and 0.002 respectively). Additionally, authors observed that cotrimoxazole has significantly better efficacy in males compared to females (p-value 0.022).Conclusions: In accordance with present study, nitrofurantoin can be used as first line treatment for uncomplicated cystitis. Age and gender should be considered while prescribing empirical treatment for UTI. Periodic surveillance should be carried out to identify the on-going pattern of antibiogram to update the guideline for empirical therapy.

Thirty-day readmissions in multiple sclerosis: An age and gender-based US national retrospective analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smit Patel ◽  
Pooja SirDeshpande ◽  
Rupak Desai ◽  
Ninad Desai ◽  
Hemanshi Mistry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender

Exploring Prospective Predictors of Completed Suicides

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Feigelman ◽  
Zohn Rosen ◽  
Bernard S. Gorman
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Life Circumstances ◽  
And Gender

Background: This study was based on over 30,000 respondents who completed General Social Surveys between 1978 and 2002. Aims: We approached these respondents prospectively, comparing and contrasting the responses of those who subsequently died by suicide (N = 141) with those who died from all other causes (N = 9,115). Method: We employed chi-square and logistic regression analyses of important demographic confounders to test for statistically significant differences between suicide decedents and all other decedents. Results: Suicide decedents died on average 2 years sooner than all other decedents. When covariates of age and gender were applied, suicide decedents exhibited greater acceptance of suicide for dealing with various adverse life circumstances, were more likely to have been the gun owners in their households, lived in regions where gun ownership was more commonplace, and held less strong religious beliefs and less of a belief of an afterlife. Conclusion: The observed affinity between attitudes of suicide acceptability and completed suicide suggests a potential for creating a meaningful assessment tool to identify those positioned at the extreme end of the suicide risk continuum.

Living arrangements and marital status: a register-based study of survival of older adults in Belgium at the beginning of the 21st century

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2141-2162 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNE HERM ◽  
JON ANSON ◽  
MICHEL POULAIN
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Living Arrangement ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

ABSTRACTBeing married reduces the mortality risk of older persons. More generally, living arrangements that include co-residence with a source of support and a close care-giver are associated with a lower mortality risk. We build a detailed typology of private and collective living arrangements, including marital status, and check its association with mortality risks, controlling for health status. Using administrative data from the population register, we identify the living arrangement of all individuals aged 65 years and over living in Belgium as at 1 January 2002, and their survival during the year 2002. Data on health status are extracted from the 2001 census. We use binary logistic regression with the probability to die as outcome and living arrangement, health, age and gender as covariates. Our results show that mortality is more closely associated with actual living arrangements than with marital status. This association is age and gender-specific and remains even at very old ages. Living with a spouse is confirmed to be beneficial for survival but in older age living alone becomes more favourable. Of all living arrangements, older persons living in religious communities experience the lowest mortality risk whereas those living in nursing homes experience the highest risk.

Impact of age and gender in patients with thin melanoma

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 8056-8056 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Chang ◽  
S. K. Liu ◽  
J. S. Choi ◽  
R. C. Liu ◽  
P. F. Fuchshuber
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Superficial Spreading ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Thin Melanoma ◽  
Male Ratio ◽  
And Gender

8056 Background: The incidence of thin melanoma (≤ 1mm) continues to increase. The purpose of this study was to characterize the incidence and prognosis of thin melanoma among the various age groups. We analyzed the records of 15,267 patients diagnosed with melanoma of these we were able to identify 5573 patients with thin melanoma (≤ 1mm). Methods: A retrospective review was undertaken to identify patients with thin melanoma (<1mm) treated at all the Northern California Kaiser Permanente facilities. All patients received their treatment between January 1998 and December 2004. Univariate and multivariate analyses of predictive factors were evaluated with the log-rank test and Cox regression. In addition chi-square test of relevant clinicopathologic factors determined which factors were predictive of overall survival (OS). Results: Mean age was 55 years (range 8–101). Mean follow-up was 74 months (range 3–209) and 54% were male. Primaries were on the trunk (34%), lower extremities (19%), upper extremities (26%), or head/neck (20%). Mean thickness was 0.4 ± 0.25 mm. The most common histology was superficial spreading (88%). The overall 5 and 10 year survival were 89 and 79, respectively. By univariate analysis age, sex, location and histology were predictive of OS however by multivariate analysis only age and sex were predictive of OS. The female/male ratio was 2 in patients diagnosed before the 3rd decade, and this ratio approached 1 in the mid-5th decade. However, the female/male ratio was 0.5 among patients diagnosed with melanoma in their 8th decade. Conclusions: Females are more susceptible than men to the risk of melanoma at a younger age however this susceptibility changes with increasing age. Our results demonstrate that the incidence of melanoma may be influenced by age and gender. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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