scholarly journals Age-dependent immune response to the Biontech/Pfizer BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Müller ◽  
Marcel Andrée ◽  
Wiebke Moskorz ◽  
Ingo Drexler ◽  
Lara Walotka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Protection Against Infection ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Antibody Levels

AbstractBackgroundThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to the development of various vaccines. Real-life data on immune responses elicited in the most vulnerable group of vaccinees over 80 years old is still underrepresented despite the prioritization of the elderly in vaccination campaigns.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study with two age groups, young vaccinees below the age of 60 and elderly vaccinees over the age of 80, to compare their antibody responses to the first and second dose of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccination.ResultsWhile the majority of participants in both groups produced specific IgG antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, titers were significantly lower in elderly participants. Although the increment of antibody levels after the second immunization was higher in elderly participants, the absolute mean titer of this group remained lower than the <60 group. After the second vaccination, 31.3 % of the elderly had no detectable neutralizing antibodies in contrast to the younger group, in which only 2.2% had no detectable neutralizing antibodies.ConclusionOur data suggests that lower frequencies of neutralizing antibodies after BNT162b2 vaccination in the elderly population may require earlier revaccination to ensure strong immunity and protection against infection.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of an antibody against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis among the elderly in Khon Kaen, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teeraporn Chinchai ◽  
Nawarat Posuwan ◽  
Viboonsak Vuthitanachot ◽  
Nasamon Wanlapakorn ◽  
Yong Poovorawan
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Diphtheria Toxoid ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Thai Population ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Background Owing to a declining birth rate and longer lifespan, the number of elderly people (≥ 60 years) in Thailand has grown rapidly. However, the elderly are at significant risk of infectious diseases because they have never been immunized, because they have not been completely immunized, or because their immunity has waned. Immunity against infectious diseases in the elderly is an important means of controlling diseases in the community. Our objective was to evaluate the seroprotective rate against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis in the elderly Thai population. Methods In total, 430 healthy individuals from the northeastern region of Thailand were enrolled in this study and stratified into five age groups: 60–65, 66–70, 71–75, 76–80, and > 80 years. Serum samples were collected and quantitatively analyzed for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis IgG antibody by using commercial ELISA kits. For anti-diphtheria toxoid and anti-tetanus toxoid ELISA, values < 0.01 IU/ml were interpreted as seronegative, and for anti-Bordetella pertussis toxin ELISA, values < 5 IU/ml were interpreted as seronegative; these definitions were in accord with previous studies. Results For diphtheria toxoid Ab, the majority of the population had antibody levels > 0.01 IU/ml. For tetanus anti-toxoid Ab, the majority of the population had antibody levels of > 0.01 IU/ml, of which approximately 34% had durable antibody protection levels (DAPL) of ≥ 1 IU/ml. Meanwhile, nearly 45% of the population had an Ab level against pertussis lower than the protectivity level. Conclusions In total, 97.2%, 83.5%, and 55.8% of the population had a higher antibody level than the minimal protective level for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, respectively. In order to prevent an outbreak of these diseases in the future, the elderly should be administered with Tdap revaccination to provide diphtheria herd immunity in the population; this will increase cocoon phenomenon for pertussis and protect the population from tetanus-prone injury.

Comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitation of rotavirus antibodies with complement fixation in an epidemiological survey

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-276
Author(s):  
L H Ghose ◽  
R D Schnagl ◽  
I H Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Marker Enzyme ◽  
Aminosalicylic Acid ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels

The development of a micro-scale enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with horseradish peroxidase as the marker enzyme for the detection and measurement of human rotavirus antibodies is described. A semipurified preparation of the serologically related simian agent, SA-11 virus, was used as the antigen. Test sera were reacted with antigen-sensitized wells in disposable poly-vinyl microplates. Any attached antibody was detected by the addition of peroxidase-labeled anti-species immunoglobulin (conjugate) followed by assay of the enzyme reaction with its substrate, hydrogen peroxide plus 5-aminosalicylic acid. This micro-ELISA was compared with complement fixation in a seroepidemiological study of the age prevalence of rotavirus antibody in Aboriginal and European populations living in the same outback area in Australia. The ELISA (results read with the naked eye) proved to be approximately 16 times more sensitive than complement fixation. Of Aborigines, 71% had rotavirus complement-fixing antibody, as compared to 45% of Europeans. By ELISA 100% of both populations had rotavirus antibodies. Mean antibody titers in the different age groups were higher in Aborigines than in Europeans. Antibody levels rose steeply throughout the first 20 years of life, remained high during the next 20 years, then increased again at least up to the age of 60 years. The micro-ELISA was practical, simple to perform, and more suitable than complement fixation for large seroepidemiological rotavirus studies. It also has potential for serodiagnosis of the disease, both in the laboratory and in the field.

scholarly journals Incidence of Infection of Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackieviruses A6 and A16 among Household Contacts of Index Cases in Dong Thap Province, Southern Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
C. Q. Hoang ◽  
H. D. Nguyen ◽  
N. X. Ho ◽  
T. H. T. Vu ◽  
T. T. M. Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Index Cases

Background. Scarce information exists about immunity to hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) among household contacts of index cases in Vietnam and what that means for reducing ongoing HFMD transmission in the community. Methods. We analyzed neutralizing antibodies (NT) and the incidence of enterovirus (EVs) infection among household contacts of index cases in a province where HFMD remains endemic. Throat swab and 2 mL blood samples from household contacts were collected at enrollment, during and after 2 weeks follow-up. Results. The incidence of EV-A71 infection among household contacts was 40/84 (47.6%, 95% Cl: 36.9-58.3%), compared with 106/336 (31.5%, 95% Cl: 26.6-36.5%) for CV-A6 and 36/107 (33.6%, 95% Cl: 24.7-42.6%) for CV-A16. The incidence of CV-A6 infection was fairly constant across ages; in contrast, CV-A71 and CV-A16 had some variation across ages. At baseline, higher geometric mean titer (GMT) of EV-A71, CV-A6, and CV-A16 antibody titers was found for 25-34-year groups (range 216.3 to 305.0) compared to the other age groups. There was a statistically significant difference in GMT values of CV-A6 and CV-A16 between those who had an infection or did not have infection among households with an index case of these serotypes. Conclusions. Our results indicated that adults were becoming infected with HFMD and could be contributing to the transmission. There is, therefore, a need for considering the household setting as an additional target for intervention programs for HFMD.

scholarly journals Generation of Antibody Responses to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharides Is Independent of CD1 Expression in Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1976-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leen Moens ◽  
Axel Jeurissen ◽  
Stefan Nierkens ◽  
Louis Boon ◽  
Luc Van Kaer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Capsular Polysaccharides ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Antibody Treatment ◽  
Serious Infection ◽  
Protection Against Infection

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae is a bacterial microorganism that frequently causes serious infection, particularly in children and the elderly. Protection against infection with S. pneumoniae is based mainly on the generation of antibodies to the pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (caps-PS), but the mechanisms responsible for the generation of anticapsular antibodies remain incompletely understood. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of CD1-restricted T cells in the antibody response to caps-PS. When immunized with Pneumo23, wild-type mice and CD1 knockout mice on BALB/c and C57BL/6 backgrounds generated immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibody responses to soluble caps-PS that were comparable. Similar results were obtained after immunization with heat-inactivated S. pneumoniae. The IgM and IgG antibody response of wild-type mice to Pneumo23 was not affected by an antagonizing monoclonal anti-CD1 antibody treatment. In summary, our data provide evidence that the antibody response to caps-PS is generated independently of CD1 expression.

scholarly journals Neutralizing Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Convalescent Sera

2020 ◽  
Vol 223 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T Lee ◽  
Roxanne C Girardin ◽  
Alan P Dupuis ◽  
Karen E Kulas ◽  
Anne F Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Experimental Treatment ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
United States Food ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Passive transfer of antibodies from COVID-19 convalescent patients is being used as an experimental treatment for eligible patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections. The United States Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) guidelines for convalescent plasma initially recommended target antibody titers of 160. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in sera from recovered COVID-19 patients using plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNT) at moderate (PRNT50) and high (PRNT90) stringency thresholds. We found that neutralizing activity significantly increased with time post symptom onset (PSO), reaching a peak at 31–35 days PSO. At this point, the number of sera having neutralizing titers of at least 160 was approximately 93% (PRNT50) and approximately 54% (PRNT90). Sera with high SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels (&gt;960 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay titers) showed maximal activity, but not all high-titer sera contained neutralizing antibody at FDA recommended levels, particularly at high stringency. These results underscore the value of serum characterization for neutralization activity.

Humoral immunity to respiratory syncytial virus in young and elderly adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (12) ◽  
pp. 1684-1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. TERROSI ◽  
G. Di GENOVA ◽  
B. MARTORELLI ◽  
M. VALENTINI ◽  
M. G. CUSI
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Rsv Infection ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been demonstrated to cause substantial disease in elderly and immunocompromised subjects. The relationship of serum antibody to RSV infection and the risk of infection in elderly subjects is controversial, thus we evaluated the presence of neutralizing antibodies to RSV in healthy people of different age groups and the correlation with viral protection. Baseline blood samples from 197 subjects aged 20–80 years were analysed for the presence of anti-RSV antibodies either by indirect immunofluorescence and microneutralization test. The percentage of people who had neutralizing antibodies to RSV was significantly higher (P=0·001) in the youngest group (92·51%) compared to the frail group (36·21%). The RSV antibody level tends to wane in some older people; this factor could determine proneness to RSV re-infections in the elderly who are at a greater risk of developing severe respiratory disease.

scholarly journals Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus Vaccines Formulated with Delta Inulin Adjuvants Provide Enhanced Protection while Ameliorating Lung Eosinophilic Immunopathology

2014 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 2995-3007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Honda-Okubo ◽  
Dale Barnard ◽  
Chun Hao Ong ◽  
Bi-Hung Peng ◽  
Chien-Te Kent Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Unique Problem ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACTAlthough the severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) epidemic was controlled by nonvaccine measures, coronaviruses remain a major threat to human health. The design of optimal coronavirus vaccines therefore remains a priority. Such vaccines present major challenges: coronavirus immunity often wanes rapidly, individuals needing to be protected include the elderly, and vaccines may exacerbate rather than prevent coronavirus lung immunopathology. To address these issues, we compared in a murine model a range of recombinant spike protein or inactivated whole-virus vaccine candidates alone or adjuvanted with either alum, CpG, or Advax, a new delta inulin-based polysaccharide adjuvant. While all vaccines protected against lethal infection, addition of adjuvant significantly increased serum neutralizing-antibody titers and reduced lung virus titers on day 3 postchallenge. Whereas unadjuvanted or alum-formulated vaccines were associated with significantly increased lung eosinophilic immunopathology on day 6 postchallenge, this was not seen in mice immunized with vaccines formulated with delta inulin adjuvant. Protection against eosinophilic immunopathology by vaccines containing delta inulin adjuvants correlated better with enhanced T-cell gamma interferon (IFN-γ) recall responses rather than reduced interleukin-4 (IL-4) responses, suggesting that immunopathology predominantly reflects an inadequate vaccine-induced Th1 response. This study highlights the critical importance for development of effective and safe coronavirus vaccines of selection of adjuvants based on the ability to induce durable IFN-γ responses.IMPORTANCECoronaviruses such as SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cause high case fatality rates and remain major human public health threats, creating a need for effective vaccines. While coronavirus antigens that induce protective neutralizing antibodies have been identified, coronavirus vaccines present a unique problem in that immunized individuals when infected by virus can develop lung eosinophilic pathology, a problem that is further exacerbated by the formulation of SARS-CoV vaccines with alum adjuvants. This study shows that formulation of SARS-CoV spike protein or inactivated whole-virus vaccines with novel delta inulin-based polysaccharide adjuvants enhances neutralizing-antibody titers and protection against clinical disease but at the same time also protects against development of lung eosinophilic immunopathology. It also shows that immunity achieved with delta inulin adjuvants is long-lived, thereby overcoming the natural tendency for rapidly waning coronavirus immunity. Thus, delta inulin adjuvants may offer a unique ability to develop safer and more effective coronavirus vaccines.

scholarly journals Investigating oral healthcare in the elderly using grounded theory

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 922-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Ferreira de Mello ◽  
Alacoque Lorenzini Erdmann
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Oral Health Care ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Health Care Practices ◽  
Real Life Data ◽  
Alternative Methodology

The present article aimed to describe the foundations and adequacy of the Grounded Theory (GT) to the construction of the substantive theory on the phenomenon of oral health care of institutionalized elderly people. GT is a methodology that allows formulating orderly abstractions from the real life data. Through this referential is possible to elaborate a relevant and functional theory in order to understand the meaning of the elderly oral health care practices. GT allowed an extensive and rich production of information codes submitted to a process of Comparative Analysis. The immersion in the actors' subjective and private view, through interviews performed with the participants, allowed by the open and flexible character of the method, permitted the formulation of comprehensive analysis categories. The text demonstrates the validity of this alternative methodology to the scientific investigation of this complex phenomenon.

scholarly journals Long-Term Course of Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Outpatients After SARS-CoV-2 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Schiffner ◽  
Insa Backhaus ◽  
Jens Rimmele ◽  
Sören Schulz ◽  
Till Möhlenkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Disease Course ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Antibody Levels

Characterization of the naturally acquired B and T cell immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is important for the development of public health and vaccination strategies to manage the burden of COVID-19 disease. We conducted a prospective, cross-sectional analysis in COVID-19 recovered patients at various time points over a 10-month period in order to investigate how circulating antibody levels and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) release by peripheral blood cells change over time following natural infection. From March 2020 till January 2021, we enrolled 412 adults mostly with mild or moderate disease course. At each study visit, subjects donated peripheral blood for testing of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and IFN-γ release after SARS-CoV-2 S-protein stimulation. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies were positive in 316 of 412 (76.7%) and borderline in 31 of 412 (7.5%) patients. Our confirmation assay for the presence of neutralizing antibodies was positive in 215 of 412 (52.2%) and borderline in 88 of 412 (21.4%) patients. Likewise, in 274 of 412 (66.5%) positive IFN-γ release and IgG antibodies were detected. With respect to time after infection, both IgG antibody levels and IFN-γ concentrations decreased by about half within 300 days. Statistically, production of IgG and IFN-γ were closely associated, but on an individual basis, we observed patients with high-antibody titres but low IFN-γ levels and vice versa. Our data suggest that immunological reaction is acquired in most individuals after natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 and is sustained in the majority of patients for at least 10 months after infection after a mild or moderate disease course. Since, so far, no robust marker for protection against COVID-19 exists, we recommend utilizing both, IgG and IFN-γ release for an individual assessment of the immunity status.

scholarly journals Functional antibody and T-cell immunity following SARS-CoV-2 infection, including by variants of concern, in patients with cancer: the CAPTURE study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Fendler ◽  
Lewis Au ◽  
Scott Shepherd ◽  
Fiona Byrne ◽  
Maddalena Cerrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Clinical Annotation ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Immune Profiling ◽  
Reactive Antibody

Abstract Patients with cancer have higher COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Here we present the prospective CAPTURE study (NCT03226886) integrating longitudinal immune profiling with clinical annotation. Of 357 patients with cancer, 118 were SARS-CoV-2-positive, 94 were symptomatic and 2 patients died of COVID-19. In this cohort, 83% patients had S1-reactive antibodies, 82% had neutralizing antibodies against WT, whereas neutralizing antibody titers (NAbT) against the Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants were substantially reduced. Whereas S1-reactive antibody levels decreased in 13% of patients, NAbT remained stable up to 329 days. Patients also had detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells and CD4+ responses correlating with S1-reactive antibody levels, although patients with hematological malignancies had impaired immune responses that were disease and treatment-specific, but presented compensatory cellular responses, further supported by clinical. Overall, these findings advance the understanding of the nature and duration of immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with cancer.

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