scholarly journals Strain diversity of plant-associated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annabelle O. Yu ◽  
Elissa A. Goldman ◽  
Jason T. Brooks ◽  
Benjamin A. Golomb ◽  
Irene S. Yim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Ecological Fitness ◽  
Strain Diversity ◽  
Source Type ◽  
Fermented Grains ◽  
Plant Sources ◽  
Phenotypic And Genetic Diversity

The intraspecific phenotypic and genetic diversity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (formerly Lactobacillus plantarum) was examined for five strains isolated from fermented olives and eight strains from cactus fruit, fermented tomatoes, teff injera, wheat boza, and wheat sourdough starter sources. Carbohydrate utilization and stress tolerance characteristics showed that the olive isolates grew more robustly in galactose and raffinose, showed higher tolerance to 12% v/v EtOH, and exhibited a greater capacity to inhibit an olive spoilage strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae than L. plantarum from the other plant sources. Certain traits were variable between fermented olive isolates such as the capacity for biofilm formation and survival at pH 2 or 50 °C. By comparison, all L. plantarum from fruit sources grew better at a pH of 3.5 than the strains from fermented grains. Multi-locus sequence typing and genome sequencing indicated that strains from the same source type tended to be genetically related. Comparative genomics was unable to resolve strain differences, with the exception of the most phenotypically impaired and robust isolates. The findings show that L. plantarum is adapted for growth on specific plants or plant food types, but that intraspecific variation may be important for ecological fitness of L. plantarum within individual habitats.

scholarly journals Prebiotic Combinations Effects on the Colonization of Staphylococcal Skin Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Silvia Di Lodovico ◽  
Franco Gasparri ◽  
Emanuela Di Campli ◽  
Paola Di Fermo ◽  
Simonetta D’Ercole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Commensal Bacteria ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bacteriostatic Effect ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Relevant Effect ◽  
Planktonic Phase ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Biomass Quantification ◽  
General Reduction

Background: An unbalanced skin microbiota due to an increase in pathogenic vs. commensal bacteria can be efficiently tackled by using prebiotics. The aim of this work was to identify novel prebiotic combinations by exerting species-specific action between S. aureus and S. epidermidis strains. Methods: First, the antimicrobial/antibiofilm effect of Xylitol-XYL and Galacto-OligoSaccharides–GOS combined with each other at different concentrations (1, 2.5, 5%) against S. aureus and S. epidermidis clinical strains was evaluated in time. Second, the most species-specific concentration was used to combine XYL with Fructo-OligoSaccharides–FOS, IsoMalto-Oligosaccharides–IMO, ArabinoGaLactan–LAG, inulin, dextran. Experiments were performed by OD600 detection, biomass quantification and LIVE/DEAD staining. Results: 1% XYL + 1% GOS showed the best species-specific action with an immediate antibacterial/antibiofilm action against S. aureus strains (up to 34.54% ± 5.35/64.68% ± 4.77) without a relevant effect on S. epidermidis. Among the other prebiotic formulations, 1% XYL plus 1% FOS (up to 49.17% ± 21.46/37.59% ± 6.34) or 1% IMO (up to 41.28% ± 4.88/36.70% ± 10.03) or 1% LAG (up to 38.21% ± 5.31/83.06% ± 5.11) showed antimicrobial/antibiofilm effects similar to 1% XYL+1% GOS. For all tested formulations, a prevalent bacteriostatic effect in the planktonic phase and a general reduction of S. aureus biofilm formation without loss of viability were recorded. Conclusion: The combinations of 1% XYL with 1% GOS or 1% FOS or 1% IMO or 1% LAG may help to control the balance of skin microbiota, representing good candidates for topic formulations.

scholarly journals Biological and microbiological interactions of Ti-35Nb-7Zr alloy and its basic elements on bone marrow stromal cells: good prospects for bone tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daphne de Camargo Reis Mello ◽  
Lais Morandini Rodrigues ◽  
Fabia Zampieri D’Antola Mello ◽  
Thais Fernanda Gonçalves ◽  
Bento Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bone Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
Pure Titanium ◽  
Marrow Stromal Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

Abstract Background An effective biomaterial for bone replacement should have properties to avoid bacterial contamination and promote bone formation while inducing rapid cell differentiation simultaneously. Bone marrow stem cells are currently being investigated because of their known potential for differentiation in osteoblast lineage. This makes these cells a good option for stem cell-based therapy. We have aimed to analyze, in vitro, the potential of pure titanium (Ti), Ti-35Nb-7Zr alloy (A), niobium (Nb), and zirconia (Zr) to avoid the microorganisms S. aureus (S.a) and P. aeruginosa (P.a). Furthermore, our objective was to evaluate if the basic elements of Ti-35Nb-7Zr alloy have any influence on bone marrow stromal cells, the source of stem cells, and observe if these metals have properties to induce cell differentiation into osteoblasts. Methods Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) were obtained from mice femurs and cultured in osteogenic media without dexamethasone as an external source of cell differentiation. The samples were divided into Ti-35Nb-7Zr alloy (A), pure titanium (Ti), Nb (niobium), and Zr (zirconia) and were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). After predetermined periods, cell interaction, cytotoxicity, proliferation, and cell differentiation tests were performed. For monotypic biofilm formation, standardized suspensions (106 cells/ml) with the microorganisms S. aureus (S.a) and P. aeruginosa (P.a) were cultured for 24 h on the samples and submitted to an MTT test. Results All samples presented cell proliferation, growth, and spreading. All groups presented cell viability above 70%, but the alloy (A) showed better results, with statistical differences from Nb and Zr samples. Zr expressed higher ALP activity and was statistically different from the other groups (p < 0.05). In contrast, no statistical difference was observed between the samples as regards mineralization nodules. Lower biofilm formation of S.a and P.a. was observed on the Nb samples, with statistical differences from the other samples. Conclusion Our results suggest that the basic elements present in the alloy have osteoinductive characteristics, and Zr has a good influence on bone marrow stromal cell differentiation. We also believe that Nb has the best potential for reducing the formation of microbial biofilms.

8-hydroxyquinoline-5-(N-4-chlorophenyl) sulfonamide and fluconazole combination as a preventive strategy for Candida biofilm in haemodialysis devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Fernandes da Rocha ◽  
Bruna Pippi ◽  
Angélica Rocha Joaquim ◽  
Saulo Fernandes de Andrade ◽  
Alexandre Meneghello Fuentefria
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Clinical Issue ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Time Kill

Introduction. The presence of Candida biofilms in medical devices is a concerning and important clinical issue for haemodialysis patients who require constant use of prosthetic fistulae and catheters. Hypothesis/Gap Statement. This prolonged use increases the risk of candidaemia due to biofilm formation. PH151 and clioquinol are 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives that have been studied by our group and showed interesting anti-Candida activity. Aim. This study evaluated the biofilm formation capacity of Candida species on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyurethane (PUR) and investigated the synergistic effects between the compounds PH151 and clioquinol and fluconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin against biofilm cells removed from those materials. Further, the synergistic combination was evaluated in terms of preventing biofilm formation on PTFE and PUR discs. Methodology. Susceptibility testing was performed for planktonic and biofilm cells using the broth microdilution method. The checkerboard method and the time–kill assay were used to evaluate the interactions between antifungal agents. Antibiofilm activity on PTFE and PUR materials was assessed to quantify the prevention of biofilm formation. Results. Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida tropicalis showed ability to form biofilms on both materials. By contrast, Candida parapsilosis did not demonstrate this ability. Synergistic interaction was observed when PH151 was combined with fluconazole in 77.8 % of isolates and this treatment was shown to be concentration- and time-dependent. On the other hand, indifferent interactions were predominantly observed with the other combinations. A reduction in biofilm formation on PUR material of more than 50 % was observed when using PH151 combined with fluconazole. Conclusion. PH151 demonstrated potential as a local treatment for use in a combination therapy approach against Candida biofilm formation on haemodialysis devices.

Hormones modulate Candida vaginal isolates biofilm formation and decrease their susceptibility to azoles and hydrogen peroxide

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-350
Author(s):  
Bruna Gonçalves ◽  
Nuno Miguel Azevedo ◽  
Mariana Henriques ◽  
Sónia Silva
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
The Other ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Intrauterine Devices ◽  
Normal Cycle ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
High Adaptation

Abstract Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infection usually caused by Candida albicans and increasingly by Candida glabrata, which has an intrinsically high resistance to commonly used antifungals. Candida species possess virulence factors that contribute to VVC development, as the ability to form biofilms in vaginal walls and intrauterine devices. It is known that VVC is promoted by conditions that increase the hormones levels, during pregnancy, however, the effects of hormones on Candida cells are poorly studied, especially in C. glabrata. Thus, the influence of progesterone and β-estradiol, at normal cycle and pregnancy concentrations, on biofilm formation and resistance of C. albicans and C. glabrata vaginal isolates, was analyzed using acidic conditions (pH 4). Biofilms of C. albicans developed in the presence of hormones presented reduced biomass (up to 65%) and impaired cells ability to produce filamentous forms. On the other hand, C. glabrata presented high adaptation to the presence of hormones, which did not affect its biofilm formation. Additionally, hormones impaired the susceptibility of C. albicans and C. glabrata cells to azoles, with potential clinical significance in the presence of pregnancy hormone levels. A similar result was obtained for the susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide, a biological vaginal barrier against Candida growth. Overall, the results of this study suggest that hormones may act as environmental cues promoting Candida protection from vaginal defenses and harmful conditions, what may have implications in Candida vaginal pathogenicity and treatment of VVC, especially in C. glabrata infections due to its high adaptability to vaginal conditions.

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Monitoring of P. fluorescens and S. epidermidis Biofilm under Different Media by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Other Corroborative Techniques

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 930
Author(s):  
Marco Consumi ◽  
Kamila Jankowska ◽  
Gemma Leone ◽  
Claudio Rossi ◽  
Alessio Pardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ftir Technique ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Peculiar Behavior

In the present study, the early stage of bacteria biofilm formation has been studied as a function of different nutrients. Infrared spectra of Pseudomonas fluorescens (PF) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE), on germanium ATR crystal, were collected under deionized water H2O, phosphate buffered solution (PBS) and PBS with glucose (PBS-G). In H2O, protein bands of PF increased while, no difference in PBS and PBS-G were observed until 135 min. SE strain showed a low sensitivity to PBS composition starting to expose proteins on surfaces after 120 min. SE shows a low polysaccharides increase in H2O while, in bare and enriched PBS their intensity increases after 120 and 75 min. in PBS and PBS-G respectively. PF exhibits a peculiar behavior in H2O where the saccharide bands increased strongly after 100 min, while under all the other conditions, the intensity of polysaccharide bands increased up to the plateau probably because the layer of the biofilm exceeded the penetration capability of FTIR technique. All data suggest that, under lack of nutrients, both the bacteria tend to firmly anchor themselves to the support using proteins.

scholarly journals Brachyspira intermedia strain diversity and relationships to the other indole-positive Brachyspira species

2010 ◽  
Vol 143 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 246-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyree D. Phillips ◽  
Tom La ◽  
Maswati Mat Amin ◽  
David J. Hampson
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Strain Diversity

STRAIN DIFFERENCES IN TESTICULAR WEIGHT AND SPERMATOGENESIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO C57BL/10J AND DBA/2J MICE

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. M. SHIRE ◽  
A. BARTKE
Keyword(s):  
Strain Differences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Hybrid Mice ◽  
Germinal Cells ◽  
Type A Spermatogonia

SUMMARY Marked differences were found in the absolute and relative weights of the testes of young adult mice from 11 strains. DBA/2J mice had large testes (936 ± 46 mg/100 g body weight) and C57BL/10J mice had small ones (389 ± 6 mg/100 g). Comparisons of mice from these two strains, raised under three different environmental conditions, showed that the difference between the strains was relatively unaffected by environmental variation. Measurements on hybrid mice confirmed that much of the observed difference between the two strains was genetic in origin. The C57BL/10 mice were unlike those of any of the other strains in that both the relative and the absolute weights of the testis declined between the ages of 9 and 16 weeks. Strain differences were also found when spermatogenesis was studied in four of the strains by counting the different types of germinal cells in seminiferous tubules in stage VII of spermatogenesis. There were about twice as many type A spermatogonia in DBA/2 mice as there were in C57BL/10 mice. The mean numbers of spermatocytes and spermatids were much greater in DBA/2 than in C57BL/10. These differences were sufficient to account for the observed differences between these strains in testicular weight. Reciprocal F1 mice resembled their DBA/2 parents both in the weight of their testes and in the pattern of spermatogenesis. It is suggested that, in comparison with mice of the other strains, C57BL/10J mice may be deficient in androgenic hormones.

scholarly journals Glucomannan-Mediated Attachment of Rhizobium leguminosarum to Pea Root Hairs Is Required for Competitive Nodule Infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 190 (13) ◽  
pp. 4706-4715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Williams ◽  
Adam Wilkinson ◽  
Martin Krehenbrink ◽  
Daniela M. Russo ◽  
Angeles Zorreguieta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Polysaccharide Synthesis ◽  
Surface Polysaccharides

ABSTRACT The Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae genome contains several genes predicted to determine surface polysaccharides. Mutants predicted to affect the initial steps of polysaccharide synthesis were identified and characterized. In addition to the known cellulose (cel) and acidic exopolysaccharide (EPS) (pss) genes, we mutated three other loci; one of these loci (gmsA) determines glucomannan synthesis and one (gelA) determines a gel-forming polysaccharide, but the role of the other locus (an exoY-like gene) was not identified. Mutants were tested for attachment and biofilm formation in vitro and on root hairs; the mutant lacking the EPS was defective for both of these characteristics, but mutation of gelA or the exoY-like gene had no effect on either type of attachment. The cellulose (celA) mutant attached and formed normal biofilms in vitro, but it did not form a biofilm on root hairs, although attachment did occur. The cellulose-dependent biofilm on root hairs appears not to be critical for nodulation, because the celA mutant competed with the wild-type for nodule infection. The glucomannan (gmsA) mutant attached and formed normal biofilms in vitro, but it was defective for attachment and biofilm formation on root hairs. Although this mutant formed nodules on peas, it was very strongly outcompeted by the wild type in mixed inoculations, showing that glucomannan is critical for competitive nodulation. The polysaccharide synthesis genes around gmsA are highly conserved among other rhizobia and agrobacteria but are absent from closely related bacteria (such as Brucella spp.) that are not normally plant associated, suggesting that these genes may play a wide role in bacterium-plant interactions.

scholarly journals MorA Defines a New Class of Regulators Affecting Flagellar Development and Biofilm Formation in Diverse Pseudomonas Species

2004 ◽  
Vol 186 (21) ◽  
pp. 7221-7228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weng-Keong Choy ◽  
Lian Zhou ◽  
Chris Kiu-Choong Syn ◽  
Lian-Hui Zhang ◽  
Sanjay Swarup
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Planktonic Cell ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Ecological Fitness ◽  
Bacterial Flagella ◽  
New Class ◽  
Coordinated Expression ◽  
Stationary Transition ◽  
Flagellar Biogenesis ◽  
Mutant Cells

ABSTRACT Assembly of bacterial flagella is developmentally important during both planktonic cell growth and biofilm formation. Flagellar biogenesis is complex, requiring coordinated expression of over 40 genes, and normally commences during the log-to-stationary transition phase. We describe here a novel membrane-localized regulator, MorA, that controls the timing of flagellar development and affects motility, chemotaxis, and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas putida. MorA is conserved among diverse Pseudomonas species, and homologues are present in all Pseudomonas genomes sequenced thus far. In P. putida, the absence of MorA derepresses flagellar development, which leads to constitutive formation of flagella in the mutant cells in all growth phases. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the absence of MorA led to a reduction in biofilm formation. However, unlike the motility of P. putida, the motility of the P. aeruginosa mutants was unaffected. Our data illustrate a novel developmentally regulated sensory and signaling pathway for several properties required for virulence and ecological fitness of Pseudomonas species.

Characterization of two LuxI/R homologs in Pantoea ananatis LMG 2665T

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (11) ◽  
pp. 893-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siphathele Sibanda ◽  
Jacques Theron ◽  
Divine Y. Shyntum ◽  
Lucy N. Moleleki ◽  
Teresa A. Coutinho
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Pantoea Ananatis ◽  
Ecological Fitness ◽  
Host Interactions

Quorum sensing (QS) plays an important role in the regulation of bacteria–host interactions and ecological fitness in many bacteria. In this study, 2 luxI/R homologs, namely eanI/eanR and rhlI/rhlR, were identified in the genome sequence of Pantoea ananatis LMG 2665T. To determine a role for these luxI/R homologs in pathogenicity and biofilm formation, mutant bacterial strains lacking either eanI/R or rhlI/R and both of these homologs were generated. The results indicated that both the RhlI/R and EanI/R systems are required for pathogenicity and biofilm formation in strain LMG 2665T. This is the first study to characterize the biological significance of the RhlI/R QS system in P. ananatis.

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